The New Role Of Economic Measurement Methods
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The New Role Of Economic Measurement Methods
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Author : Johnny Ch LOK
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-11-17
The New Role Of Economic Measurement Methods written by Johnny Ch LOK and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-17 with categories.
Economic growth refers to an increase in aggregate production in an economy. Macroeconomists study economic growth with an eye toward understanding the factors that either promote or retard economic growth in order to support economic policies that will support growth, development, and rising living standards. Growth is commonly modeled as a function of physical capital, human capital, labor force, and technology. So, when economic growth is raising, then unemployment rate will decrease in possible. ⦁Business Positive or negative Cycles andthe country's macro economic environment is good and bad relationship A long term macroeconomic growth trends, the levels and rates-of-change of major macroeconomic variables such as employment and national output go through occasional fluctuations up or down, expansions and recessions, in a phenomenon known as the business cycle. ⦁ Macroeconomics vs. Microeconomics , what can influence crime rate more? Macroeconomics differs from microeconomics, which focuses on smaller factors that affect choices made by individuals and companies.Factors studied in both microeconomics and macroeconomics typically have an influence on one another. For example, the unemployment level in the economy as a whole has an effect on the supply of workers from which a company can hire. A key distinction between micro and macroeconomics is that macroeconomic aggregates can sometimes behave in ways that are very different or even the opposite of the way that analogous microeconomic variables do.Meanwhile, microeconomics looks at economic tendencies, or what can happen when individuals make certain choices. Individuals are typically classified into subgroups, such as buyers, sellers, and business owners. These actors interact with each other according to the laws of supply and demand for resources, using money and interest rates as pricing mechanisms for coordination. What factors Cause of recessions ?
Measuring More Than Money
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Author : Rafael Muñoz de Bustillo
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2011
Measuring More Than Money written by Rafael Muñoz de Bustillo and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Business & Economics categories.
This highly readable and authoritative book on the social economics of job quality comes at a critical time as policy-makers, employers and unions seek to rebuild jobs after the economic crisis. The team of authors are leading experts on European employment trends and policy and have produced an excellent study that proposes a new index of job quality for Europe. Given its depth and breadth of coverage of theory and already existing indicators, the book is likely to be a landmark study. Readers will enjoy the engaging review of past and present works of classical political economy and behavioural economics and will benefit from the expert critical appraisal of more than 20 existing proposals for job quality indices. Most importantly, the authors design and test a new European Job Quality Index that provides a reliable and coherent measure of five critical dimensions of the character of contemporary jobs. Measuring More than Money is a much-needed analysis that will interest both specialists and anyone concerned about job quality. The proposed indicator deserves to be adopted and will enable policy-makers to make good their commitment to sustainability and equality across Europe by monitoring and responding to a good job quality measure. Damian Grimshaw, University of Manchester, UK Is a job a job? If you looked at unemployment data, you would think so. But economists since Adam Smith know that jobs differ in quality: difficulty or pleasure of doing it. Thus they tend to assume that market would equalize wage per unit of difficulty of a job, and that they do not need to worry about intrinsic job quality. Rafael de Bustillo shows that this wrong and that in an era of plenty for many (although not for all), the challenge is to create high-quality jobs and to find ways of comparing them in terms of fulfillment afforded to workers. The book thus addresses a new and growing field of study: for it certainly matters if we are happy or unhappy in an activity that takes almost one-third of our lives and often defines who we are. Branko Milanovic, World Bank and University of Maryland, US This is a book every labour economist or sociologist interested in job quality should read. It provides a well written overview of the depth and breadth of this field, presenting a systematic review of this complex multidimensional concept and discussing more than twenty of the indicators currently in use. The volume goes beyond the current literature by developing a sound, empirically tested Job Quality Index for the European Union. It was definitely a pleasure reading this volume. Kea Tijdens, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Mainstream economics traditionally restricts the analysis of the labour market to purely monetary factors, such as earnings, leaving aside many other characteristics that might affect the desirability of certain jobs. By contrast, this unique volume explores the alternatives and problems faced by researchers in quantifying and measuring a broader notion of job quality. The contributors expertly explore the different approaches to measurement and analyze both the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods within a European context. Job quality is a crucial link between the economy and well-being. This original book proves that it can and should be measured, proposing a theoretically based multidimensional Index of Job Quality that is tested in the EU member States. The index proves particularly useful to measure the differences in job quality by country, occupation, gender and age. Based on solid theory and data, this book will prove essential for postgraduate students, researchers and academics of labour economics, sociology, industrial relations, and European studies as it presents a coherent discussion of the concept and components of job quality, and of the difficulties of measuring it. The book also proposes a new aggregate index of job quality that can contribute to the evaluation of European employ
Measuring The Real Size Of The World S Economy
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2013
Measuring The Real Size Of The World S Economy written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Business & Economics categories.
"This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions"--T.p. verso.
Measuring Economic Welfare
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Author : George W. McKenzie
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1983-03-10
Measuring Economic Welfare written by George W. McKenzie and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983-03-10 with Business & Economics categories.
Professor McKenzie proposes and formulates a method composed of operational procedures designed to facilitate the evaluation of economic projects and policies. This method is discussed fully, illustrated by simple examples, and compared with alternative procedures. An outline of a computer program that enables readers to undertake their own calculations is included. In order to present the approach clearly, the author provides an exposition of the fundamental ideas and the main alternative approaches to the problem. These rely on various forms of index numbers and consumer surplus. However, as is well known, such measures are not capable of correctly ordering the various alternatives under consideration, except under highly unrealist assumptions. In this book the author suggests the abandonment of this traditional approach based on the concept of 'willingness-to-pay' or the conpensating variation. Instead, the measure that Samuelson has called the 'money-metric' should become the cornerstone of applied welfare economics.
Advances In Economic Measurement
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Author : Duangkamon Chotikapanich
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-10-03
Advances In Economic Measurement written by Duangkamon Chotikapanich and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-03 with Business & Economics categories.
The purpose of this book is to honour D.S. Prasada Rao and his many outstanding contributions to economic measurement, including index number methods for international comparisons of prices, real incomes, output, and productivity; stochastic approaches to index numbers; purchasing power parities for the measurement of regional and global inequality and poverty; and measurement of income and economic insecurity. This book brings together contributions by well-known and influential researchers in the field of economic measurement with special focus on topics in productivity measurement (Part I); income and health inequality, inequality of opportunity, and measurement of insecurity (Part II); index number theory and applications to consumer price index numbers, international comparisons of prices and real expenditures, and housing price index numbers (Part III). The chapters are authored by eminent researchers including Conchita D’Ambrosio, Bert Balk, Erwin Diewert, Robert Hill, Robert Inklaar, Knox Lovell, Robin Sickles, Jacques Silber and Marcel Timmer. The contributed papers offer in-depth reviews of the state of the art in these areas with a focus on the existing methods and applications, making the volume an invaluable source for both experienced researchers and new researchers, including PhD and other postgraduate students.
Measurement Quantification And Economic Analysis
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Author : Ingrid H. Rima
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2002-09-11
Measurement Quantification And Economic Analysis written by Ingrid H. Rima and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-09-11 with Business & Economics categories.
Editor is well known. She is presidnet of the History of Economics Society and has completed a 12 year term as editor of the Eastern Economics Journal Work is controversial - challenges the relevance of mathematics in economics
Some New Methods For Measuring And Describing Economic Inequality
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Author : R. L. Basmann
language : en
Publisher: JAI Press(NY)
Release Date : 1993
Some New Methods For Measuring And Describing Economic Inequality written by R. L. Basmann and has been published by JAI Press(NY) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Business & Economics categories.
Measuring Economic Sustainability And Progress
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Author : Dale W. Jorgenson
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2014-10-17
Measuring Economic Sustainability And Progress written by Dale W. Jorgenson and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-17 with Business & Economics categories.
Since the Great Depression, researchers and statisticians have recognized the need for more extensive methods for measuring economic growth and sustainability. The recent recession renewed commitments to closing long-standing gaps in economic measurement, including those related to sustainability and well-being. The latest in the NBER’s influential Studies in Income and Wealth series, which has played a key role in the development of national account statistics in the United States and other nations, this volume explores collaborative solutions between academics, policy researchers, and official statisticians to some of today’s most important economic measurement challenges. Contributors to this volume extend past research on the integration and extension of national accounts to establish an even more comprehensive understanding of the distribution of economic growth and its impact on well-being, including health, human capital, and the environment. The research contributions assess, among other topics, specific conceptual and empirical proposals for extending national accounts.
The New Role Of Macro Economic Methods Raise Consumption Desires
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Author : Johnny Ch Lok
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2019-12-03
The New Role Of Macro Economic Methods Raise Consumption Desires written by Johnny Ch Lok and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-03 with categories.
Macro economic-inflation consumptionand the savings ratio consumer desiremeasurementAny countries have chance to encounter inflation problem. Inflation means as a factor that could reduce the saving ration. If consumers expected prices to rise, they would bring forward consumption to take advantage of lower prices. For example, during the 1970s, as both inflation and the saving ration rose theories were advanced to explain why inflation could lead to an increase in saving. The most clear or reasonable explanation is that households do not base their consumption decisions about consumption and saving on their money income alone consumption and saving on their money income alone, due to they reduce some capital losses from their income. In particular, they reduce some reduction in the real value of monetary assets caused by inflation. So, inflation could affect the savings ratio, due to gains and losses on loans between households cancel out. It depends on where some households deposit money with banks.How can consumption function explain it has relationship between the savings ratio and inflation have been suggested by some economists ? The reasons may include as below: (1)There may be a link between changes in income and changes in consumption. If consumption during a quarter is related to money income in the previous quarter, then a acceleration ( accumulation) in wages and prices will lead to a fall in real consumption in the quarter following the accumulation, and in a rise in the savings ratio. So, it explains why money incomes and savings will have risen, but real consumption will long fallen. Because the inflation influences the incomes and savings seem rise, but in fact, if the consumption amouts and numbers do not rise when the inflation period. The country's consumers' whose shopping desires or real consumptions do not real rise as the same time in the period. Unless, the country's general consumers can accept to spend much expenditure to buy more number of any things in themselves societies. Otherwisem, the real consumption effect will not be achieved in the country.(2)The uncertainty created by a high and unstable rate of inflation could cause people to save more. The degree of uncertainty is difficult to quantify and may not be tied to the inflation rate in a simple linear relationship. So, due to any countries' citizen or consumers or living people who must not predict when inflation will come. Because this uncertain when inflation occurrence reason, many consumers will not change their habit consumption behaviors, such as habitly spending much consumers, they won't change their consumption habits to be reduced number or consumption times easily or habitly spending less consumers, they won't change their consumption habits to be raised number or consumption times easily. Even, they predict inflation will come as soon. Because inflation predicting feeling will be more uncertain to influence their spending behaviors changing more easily. Unless the country's government can ensure to notice its citizen when inflation will come, then it will influence their shopping times or consumption number to be changed easily.
Decent Work Concept Theory And Measurement
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Author : Nausheen Nizami
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-04-03
Decent Work Concept Theory And Measurement written by Nausheen Nizami and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-03 with Business & Economics categories.
This book introduces readers to the concept and theories of decent work and provides a framework for measuring it at the micro, meso and macro level in a given country. Further, it addresses the importance of measuring decent work in today’s world and in connection with the different challenges countries face depending on their respective stage of development. The essence of the book lies in highlighting the practical applications of decent work in terms of its ability to deliver empirical measurements of qualitative and subjective phenomena with a mixed-methods approach combining tools and techniques from economics and statistics. Moreover, as the applicability of decent work is not confined to the IT industry and formal sectors of the economy, the book also provides useful guidelines on how further empirical studies can be undertaken to measure decent work in non-IT industries. As such, the book offers a rich compilation of empirical and theoretical contributions on decent work designed to not only enrich readers’ understanding, but also promote awareness of the practical relevance and technical aspects of the subject matter.