The Nonlinear Three Dimensional Response Of Structures To Earthquake Excitation
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The Nonlinear Three Dimensional Response Of Structures To Earthquake Excitation
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Author : Bruce Malcolm Mason
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
The Nonlinear Three Dimensional Response Of Structures To Earthquake Excitation written by Bruce Malcolm Mason and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Buildings categories.
Three Dimensional Nonlinear Seismic Response Of Large Scale Ground Structure Systems
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Author : Kyung Tae Kim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Three Dimensional Nonlinear Seismic Response Of Large Scale Ground Structure Systems written by Kyung Tae Kim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Effort is geared towards development of large-scale nonlinear ground-structure seismic response simulations. Mechanisms to allow for modeling of transmitting boundaries are incorporated, mainly relying on the Domain Reduction Method (DRM) approach. Parallel computing is employed to permit the execution of these large-scale simulations. A range of geometric configurations are addressed in order to explore various aspects of the involved seismic response characteristics. The OpenSees computational platform is employed throughout. To accommodate nonlinear response and soil/structure element stiffness considerations, an implicit time integration scheme is adopted. This scheme poses severe limitations on the number of parallel computing processors that can be used with reasonable efficiency (due to the required taxing communications between the different processors). Within the available constraints on time and computing resources, and the necessary additional OpenSees parallel-implementation machine-specific adaptions, the conducted DRM investigations mostly employed a soil domain 3D 8-node brick element of a 20 m side length (with about 150,000 such elements in the mesh). Consequently, severe limitations are imposed on the frequency content of the propagated seismic waves and the resulting system response. Future extensions in this direction of research can build solidly on the developments in this report and provide more accurate higher frequency system response. Significant attention is given to the simulation of a large-scale highway interchange system under seismic loading. A three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element model of an existing bridge interchange at the intersection of Interstates 10 and 215 (San Bernardino, CA) is developed. This interchange consists of three connectors at different bridge superstructure elevations. Initial focus is placed on modeling the three bridges, evaluation of vibration properties, and validation of one of the bridge models (North-West connector, NW) based on available earlier recorded earthquake response. A strategy to incorporate the above bridge structural models into a bridge-foundation-ground system (BFGS) is implemented based on the Domain Reduction Method (DRM) as developed by Bielak and his co-workers. A numerical implementation of this DRM by Petropolous and Fenves is employed and adapted as the soil domain. In this implementation, seismic waves are propagated from a realistic fault rupture scenario in southern California. As such, the BFGS can include the three-bridge interchange subjected to a 3D seismic excitation scenario. Within this numerical analysis framework, the effect of foundation soils of different stiffness and strength are investigated. The results are compared to the more conventional bridge model response under uniform as well as multi-support base excitation. In addition to this DRM-based implementation, a nonlinear ground-bridge model based on the actual local soil conditions at the interchange is investigated (with the NW only as the super-structure). Efforts include implementation and validation of a classical transmitting boundary at the base of the soil domain. Using this formulation, the BFGS response is compared and validated with earthquake recorded response at the bridge and local site. Under a potential site specific strong ground motion, computed force demands from the employed linear column models are compared to the strength as defined by a representative nonlinear column formulation. Finally, the seismic response of a large rigid structure with different embedment depths is assessed. Dynamic interaction between the structure and the surrounding soil is studied based on changes in soil elastic properties, depth of embedment, and characteristics of input excitation.
Behavior Of Three Dimensional Steel Moment Frame Structures Under The Influence Of Bidirectional Ground Excitation Earthquake Response
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Author : JODI FIRMANSJAH
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Behavior Of Three Dimensional Steel Moment Frame Structures Under The Influence Of Bidirectional Ground Excitation Earthquake Response written by JODI FIRMANSJAH and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with categories.
should be avoided for seismic resistance.
Earthquake Ground Motion And Its Effects On Structures
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Author : American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Winter Annual Meeting
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Earthquake Ground Motion And Its Effects On Structures written by American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Winter Annual Meeting and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Response Sensitivity Of Highway Bridges To Random Multi Component Earthquake Excitation
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Author : Kyle John Cronin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Response Sensitivity Of Highway Bridges To Random Multi Component Earthquake Excitation written by Kyle John Cronin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Bridges categories.
Highway bridges provide a critical lifeline during extreme seismic events and must maintain serviceability under a large range of earthquake intensities. Consequently, the advent of more computational power has allowed more advanced analysis approaches for predicting performance and vulnerability of highway bridges under these seismic loads. In traditional two-dimensional finite element analyses, it has been demonstrated that the incidence angle of the ground motion can play a significant role in structural response. As three-dimensional nonlinear time history analyses are used more frequently in practice, ground motions are still usually applied along a single bridge axis. It is unknown how three orthogonal components of ground motion excitation should be applied to the structure to best represent the true response. In this study, the fundamental behavior of three-dimensional ground motion was studied using single-degree-of-freedom elastic spectra. Mean spectra computed from various orientation techniques were found indistinguishable when the orthogonal components were combined. The effect of incidence angle on the nonlinear structural response of highway bridges was then investigated through extensive statistical simulation. Three different bridge models were employed for this study implementing a suite of 180 multi-component ground motion records of various magnitude-distance-soil bins. Probabilistic seismic demand models for various response parameters are presented comparing the effects of random incidence angle to that of recorded directions. Although there are instances where the angle of incidence can significantly amplify response, results indicated that incidence angle had negligible effect on average ensemble response. This is consistent with results from the spectral analysis, although existing literature has emphasized incidence angle as a significant parameter of multi-component analysis.
An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Traveling Seismic Waves On The Three Dimensional Response Of Structures
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Traveling Seismic Waves On The Three Dimensional Response Of Structures written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Bridges categories.
Three Dimensional Dynamic Analysis Of Structures
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Author : Edward L. Wilson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Three Dimensional Dynamic Analysis Of Structures written by Edward L. Wilson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Computer programs categories.
The purpose of this publication is to summarize the computational methods that are used in many modern computer programs for the seismic analysis of three-dimensional structural systems. After more than thirty years of working closely with structural engineers, it has become apparent that a need exists for a book on the Three Dimensional Dynamic Analysis of Structures. The necessary computational background to conduct seismic computer analyses of large structures needs to be simplified and understood. In addition, problems associated with the creation of complex three-dimensional computer models and the interpretation of results is emphasized in this book.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis Of Three Dimensional Base Isolated Structures 3d Basis
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Author : S. Nagarajaiah
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis Of Three Dimensional Base Isolated Structures 3d Basis written by S. Nagarajaiah and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with 3D-BASIS (Computer program) categories.
Three Dimensional Seismic Analysis Of Reinforced Concrete Wall Buildings At Near Fault Sites
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Author : Yuan Jie Lu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Three Dimensional Seismic Analysis Of Reinforced Concrete Wall Buildings At Near Fault Sites written by Yuan Jie Lu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
This dissertation approaches the subject of three-dimensional (3D) seismic analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) wall buildings at near-fault sites by first studying two main problems separately: (1) the characterization of base excitation for buildings located at near-fault sites, and (2) modeling the behavior of RC buildings accurately including inelastic behavior and the failure mode. The dissertation culminates with the 3D response history analysis of two 20-story RC core wall buildings models, including the slabs and columns, subject to a strong near-fault ground motion record. First, the presence and characteristics of multiple pulses [with dominant period TP between 0.5 and 12 s] in historical near-fault ground motion records is studied. An iterative method for extracting multiple strong pulses imbedded in a ground motion is presented. The method is used to extract multiple strong velocity pulses from the fault-normal horizontal component of 40 pulse-like ground motion records from 17 historical earthquakes, with magnitudes ranging from MW6.3 to MW7.9, recorded at a distance less than 10 km from the fault rupture with a peak ground velocity greater than 0.6 m / s. The relationships between the dominant period of the extracted pulses, associated amplitudes, and earthquake magnitude are presented, indicating that the amplitude of the strongest pulses with 1.5 s ≤ TP ≤ 5 s, does not depend significantly on the earthquake magnitude. Next, the effect of soil-foundation-structure interaction (SFSI) for a 20-story core wall building with a caisson foundation subject to single pulse motions is investigated using two-dimensional (2D) nonlinear finite-elements and fiber beam-column elements; nonlinear site effects on the free-field motion and structural response is discussed. The nonlinear site effects for free-field motions result in a de-amplification of peak surface acceleration due to soil yielding, and a maximum of 64% amplification of peak acceleration and velocity of at specific pulse periods for deep soils. SFSI, after removing the nonlinear site effect, has a negligible effect on the maximum value of peak roof acceleration and peak roof drift ratio over the pulse periods considered; however, the effect of the increased flexibility due to SFSI is observed in the peak drift ratio and peak base shear response. A couple of chapters of this dissertation are dedicated to the development and verification of a three-dimensional nonlinear cyclic modelling method for non-planar reinforced concrete walls and slabs. This modeling approached - called the beam-truss model (BTM) - consists of (i) nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli fiber-section beam elements representing the steel and concrete in the vertical and horizontal direction, and (ii) nonlinear trusses representing the concrete in the diagonal directions. The model represents the effects of flexure-shear interaction (FSI) by computing the stress and strains in the horizontal and vertical directions and by considering biaxial effects on the behavior of concrete diagonals. In addition, the BTM explicitly models diagonal compression and tension failures (shear failures) under cyclic or dynamic loading. The BTM is first validated by comparing the experimentally measured and numerically computed response of eight RC walls subjected to static cyclic loading, including two non-planar RC walls under biaxial cyclic loading. Then, the BTM is extended to modeling slabs and validated with a two-bay slab-column specimen. Finally, the BTM is validated by comparing the experimentally measured and numerically computed response and failure mode of a 5-story coupled wall RC building under seismic base excitation. The final chapter presents the 3D response history analysis of two 20-story RC core wall buildings subject to a strong near-fault ground motion record. The 20-story building model includes the RC core wall, post-tensioned slabs, and columns; the core wall and slabs are modeled using the developed BTM while the columns are modeled with fiber-section beam-column elements. The two 20-story RC core wall buildings considered have similar geometry: one is conventionally designed to develop plastic hinging at the base of the core-wall, and the second is designed with a damage resistant structural system that combines two seismic isolation planes. Analysis is conducted using the two horizontal components of the historical TCU52 ground motion recorded 0.7 km from the fault plane of the MW7.6 1999 Chi-chi, Taiwan earthquake. The seismic response and damage of the two buildings is discussed.
Seismic Response Of Large Embedded Structures And Soil Structure Interaction
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Author : John Li
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Seismic Response Of Large Embedded Structures And Soil Structure Interaction written by John Li and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
For large relatively stiff structures, soil structure interaction (SSI) plays a major role in dictating the overall seismic response. In light of recent strong seismic excitation affecting such structures, three-dimensional response as well as nonlinear soil behavior are among the areas of increased interest. As such, a series of numerical studies are conducted to shed more light on the involved SSI mechanisms. Amongst those studies is a comparison of the equivalent linear and nonlinear soil formulations in evaluating the seismic response of large embedded structures. Depending on the level of attained nonlinear response, influence of the following modeling considerations is discussed: i) employing the nonlinear versus linear soil formulation, ii) initial own-weight lateral earth pressure stress-state, and iii) the soil-structure interface characteristics. Both formulations generally resulted in remarkably close estimates of structural response. An opportunity to investigate the SSI mechanisms of large embedded structures due to low amplitude shaking was permitted by the availability of seismic data from an instrumented test site at Higashi-dori, Japan. The compiled data set includes the recorded accelerations, for two downhole arrays, and the response of a 1/10th scale twin reactor. The extracted site properties are shown to provide a reasonable match to the recorded data. Using these properties parametric computational studies are conducted to illustrate salient mechanisms associated with the seismic response of such large embedded structural systems. Furthermore, an opportunity to investigate the seismic response of the Fukushima nuclear reactors due to strong shaking was facilitated by data recorded during the magnitude 9.1 Tōhoku earthquake. Linear and nonlinear response of the ground was evaluated using system identification techniques. During the strong shaking, a clear and significant reduction in stiffness was observed within the upper soil strata. Of special interest was the response of Unit 6, which was the most heavily instrumented of the reactors. Response at the base of Unit 6 was compared to that of the nearby downhole array. Amplification of motion along the height of Unit 6 was evaluated, exhibiting the primary role of rocking response.