The P2 Nucleotide Receptors
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The P2 Nucleotide Receptors
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Author : John T. Turner
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The P2 Nucleotide Receptors written by John T. Turner and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
A state-of-the-art summary from leading laboratories around the world of our current knowledge of the molecular biology, the physiology, and the pharmacology of the P2 receptors. The authoritative contributions cover the major aspects of these receptors, describing the relationships between physiological and pharmacological effects of ATP and other nucleotides and the various cloned P2 receptors, as well as providing an historical perspective and discussing current issues of nomenclature. They also illuminate how P2 receptor structures contribute to their function, including the physical differences underlying the pharmacological and functional variations among P2 receptor subtypes.
Salivary Gland P2 Nucleotide Receptors
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Author : Linda Ann Neighbors Landon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Salivary Gland P2 Nucleotide Receptors written by Linda Ann Neighbors Landon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Adenosine triphosphate categories.
P2 Purinoceptors
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Author : Derek J. Chadwick
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-04-30
P2 Purinoceptors written by Derek J. Chadwick and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-30 with Nature categories.
Many different pathological conditions are currently under investigation as therapeutic targets of purines including cancer, cardiovascular conditions, behavioural disorders, inflammation, immunoregulation, and neuroendocrine function. This book draws together research on all aspects of P2 purinoceptors and discusses their use in different therapeutic areas.
P2 Nucleotide Receptors In Mammalian Osteoclasts
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Author : Lin Niki Naemsch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
P2 Nucleotide Receptors In Mammalian Osteoclasts written by Lin Niki Naemsch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
P2 Nucleotide Receptors In Mammalian Osteoclasts
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Author : Lin Niki Naemsch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
P2 Nucleotide Receptors In Mammalian Osteoclasts written by Lin Niki Naemsch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
P2 Nucleotide Receptors During Postnatal Development Of Rat Salivary Glands
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Author : Minjung Kang Park
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
P2 Nucleotide Receptors During Postnatal Development Of Rat Salivary Glands written by Minjung Kang Park and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
Regulations And Functions Of P2y2 And P2x Nucleotide Receptors In The Central Nervous System
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Author : Qiongman Kong
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Regulations And Functions Of P2y2 And P2x Nucleotide Receptors In The Central Nervous System written by Qiongman Kong and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Adenosine triphosphatase categories.
It is well known that ATP acts as a classic neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It is stored in synaptic vesicles, released upon neuronal excitation, and activates both ion channel receptors (P2X) and G protein-coupled receptors (P2Y) on post-synaptic cells. In addition to its role as a neurotransmitter, ATP and other nucleotides are known to be released from injured or ischemic tissue and have been reported to affect inflammatory events in the brain and many other tissues, however, these inflammatory events as well as the subtype(s) of nucleotide receptor(s) influencing these events have not been well defined. This dissertation examines the expression patterns of P2X and P2Y nucleotide receptors in rat primary cultures of cortical neurons (rPCNs), in adult rodent brains, in cerebral ischemia and in collared rabbit carotid arteries. P2Y2R is up-regulated in response to cytokine stimulation in rPCNs in vitro and after collar transplantation around rabbit carotid arteries in vivo. Moreover, in vivo studies in the collared carotid artery model indicate the involvement of P2Y2Rs in the development of intimal hyperplasia. Based on these studies, particular emphasis was placed on delineating the role of the P2Y2 receptor subtype in neuronal inflammation and the P2X-- receptor subtype in neuronal apoptosis in the central nervous system. In the rat primary cultures of cortical neurons, activation of the P2Y2R and P2X--R caused á-secretase-dependent APP processing and caspase8/9/3-dependent apoptosis, respectively. These results suggest the important roles of P2 nucleotide receptors (P2Y2R and P2X--R) and their associated signaling pathways in regulating neuronal inflammation and apoptosis in brain disorders and neurodegeneration.
Extracellular Nucleotide Signaling In Neuronal Differentiation And Survival
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Author : David Benjamin Arthur
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Extracellular Nucleotide Signaling In Neuronal Differentiation And Survival written by David Benjamin Arthur and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Extracellular nucleotides signaling through P2 nucleotide receptors expressed throughout the nervous system regulate a variety of neuronal functions. The characterization of nucleotide effects on neuronal differentiation, growth and survival are potentially important targets that may facilitate regeneration and survival of neurons after injury, disease, or age-related loss of function. Work in this thesis tested the hypothesis that extracellular nucleotides, acting through P2 receptor(s), alter neuronal differentiation, growth and survival. I characterized morphological changes that occur with nerve growth factor (NGF) differentiation and corresponding changes in ATP release. Target tissues, such as vascular endothelial and cardiac cells, were identified as sources of ATP release and promoters of differentiation of PC12 cells independent of NGF. The altered expression of P2X and P2Y receptors in differentiated versus non-differentiated PC12 cells, combined with the enhancement of NGF-stimulated differentiation by ATP and UTP led to the identification of P2Y2 receptors as mediating nucleotide-promoted neuronal differentiation and growth in primary cultured neurons and PC12 cells. Such effects occurred via increased NGF sensitivity and enhanced activation of the NGF receptor, TrkA. Endogenous co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation of P2Y2 and TrkA receptors requiring activated Src as a physical intermediate. In vivo treatment with ATP?S treatment enhanced a marker of neuronal growth. P2Y2 receptor activation, independent of NGF/TrkA, also mediated inhibition of neuronal apoptosis by ATP/UTP. In addition to effects on differentiation, P2Y2 inhibition of apoptosis occurred through Src-mediated activation of ERK and Akt. In other experiments I found that undifferentiated, compared to NGF-differentiated, PC12 cells had lower, briefer ATP?S-stimulated norepinephrine release and reuptake; only NGF-differentiated PC12 cells were capable of desensitization to ATP?S. These results identify a role for P2Y2 receptors in neurotrophin-dependent differentiation as well as neurotrophin-independent inhibition of neuronal apoptosis. P2Y2 receptors thus regulate neuronal differentiation, survival, and function in part via interaction with neurotrophin/receptor tyrosine kinase receptors. As such, P2Y2 receptors provide a new target for therapeutic intervention in neuropathological conditions.
Receptors P1 And P2 As Targets For Drug Therapy In Humans
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Author : Robson Faria
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2020-03-11
Receptors P1 And P2 As Targets For Drug Therapy In Humans written by Robson Faria and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-11 with Medical categories.
This book aims to provide a brief update on the functions of purinergic receptors in various systems, in addition to the signaling pathway activated to mediate these functions. We address the influence of hypoxia by modulating the activity of these receptors under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Additionally, we describe the mechanisms of induction of pain and inflammation in different systems. Finally, the book discusses some of the main bioinformatics tools currently used to improve or discover new prototypes capable of selectively acting on these receptors with estimated parameters of satisfactory solubility and toxicity for possible commercial implementation.
Neuroprotective Roles Of The P2y2 Nucleotide Receptor
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Author : Christina N. Thebeau
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Neuroprotective Roles Of The P2y2 Nucleotide Receptor written by Christina N. Thebeau and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Alzheimer's disease categories.
Purinergic signaling plays a unique role in the brain by integrating neuronal and glial cellular circuits. The metabotropic P1 adenosine receptors and P2Y nucleotide receptors and ionotropic P2X receptors control numerous physiological functions of neuronal and glial cells and have been implicated in a wide variety of neuropathologies. Emerging research suggests that purinergic receptor interactions between cells of the central nervous system (CNS) have relevance in the prevention and attenuation of neurodegenerative diseases resulting from chronic inflammation. CNS responses to chronic inflammation are largely dependent on interactions between different cell types (i.e., neurons and glia) and P2X and P2Y receptors. Whereas numerous P2 receptors contribute to functions of the CNS, the P2Y2R is believed to play an important role in neuroprotection under inflammatory conditions. While acute inflammation is necessary for tissue repair due to injury, chronic inflammation contributes to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and occurs when glial cells undergo prolonged activation resulting in extended release of proinflammatory cytokines and nucleotides. This review describes cell-specific and tissue-integrated functions of P2 receptors in the CNS with an emphasis on P2Y2R signaling pathways in neurons, glia and endothelium and their role in neuroprotection.