The Past And Present Maya
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Man Past And Present
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Author : Augustus Henry Keane
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1900
Man Past And Present written by Augustus Henry Keane and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1900 with Anthropology categories.
Theobroma Cacao Past Present And Future Insights
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2026-02-25
Theobroma Cacao Past Present And Future Insights written by and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2026-02-25 with Science categories.
Theobroma cacao, traditionally known as the ‘food for the gods’, has been revered by the ancient Mayans and Aztecs, who used it as a ceremonial drink. The popularity of cacao began in the late 1590s, after Spanish explorers introduced drinking cocoa as a beverage in Spain. Under the influence of European colonisers, cocoa cultivation spread as a plantation crop throughout the tropical climes between Latitude 20° North and 20° South of the Equator, known as the Cocoa Belt. Today, cocoa remains the most important export crop in many countries, especially in West Africa. The global cocoa market is worth billions of dollars, with the chocolate industry alone generating over $100 billion in revenue annually. As of 2025, approximately 5 to 6 million farmers and their families worldwide depend on cocoa cultivation for their livelihoods. However, the cocoa value chain remains controlled by powerful Western countries and a few global companies. The development of the crop and the longevity of the cocoa industry are fraught with many challenges, including declining yields, diseases and pests, depletion of suitable lands for cultivation and expansion, land degradation, and disappearance of forests due to illegal logging and mining. Other issues include politics, unfair global commodity pricing, low farmgate prices, the ageing of cacao farmers, child labour, and the impact of climate change, which has led many to question how long the global allure and our love for chocolate can be sustained. This book weaves together the intriguing stories of how cacao emerged from the ancient ceremonial drink, its impact as a global economic powerhouse on nations, organisations, families, and individuals involved in the cocoa value chain, and examines what the future holds for cacao. It calls for a paradigm shift in mindsets and urgent reforms to strengthen the position of smallholding farmers, who are the backbone of the industry and thereby sustain the cultivation of the ‘food for the gods,’ which has become the ‘food for the masses‘.
Maya Intellectual Renaissance
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Author : Victor D. Montejo
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2010-01-01
Maya Intellectual Renaissance written by Victor D. Montejo and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-01 with History categories.
When Mayan leaders protested the celebration of the Quincentenary of the "discovery" of America and joined with other indigenous groups in the Americas to proclaim an alternate celebration of 500 years of resistance, they rose to national prominence in Guatemala. This was possible in part because of the cultural, political, economic, and religious revitalization that occurred in Mayan communities in the later half of the twentieth century. Another result of the revitalization was Mayan students' enrollment in graduate programs in order to reclaim the intellectual history of the brilliant Mayan past. Victor Montejo was one of those students. This is the first book to be published outside of Guatemala where a Mayan writer other than Rigoberta Menchu discusses the history and problems of the country. It collects essays Montejo has written over the past ten years that address three critical issues facing Mayan peoples today: identity, representation, and Mayan leadership. Montejo is deeply invested in furthering the discussion of the effectiveness of Mayan leadership because he believes that self-evaluation is necessary for the movement to advance. He also criticizes the racist treatment that Mayans experience, and advocates for the construction of a more pluralistic Guatemala that recognizes cultural diversity and abandons assimilation. This volume maps a new political alternative for the future of the movement that promotes inter-ethnic collaboration alongside a reverence for Mayan culture.
Translating Maya Hieroglyphs
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Author : Scott A.J. Johnson
language : en
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press
Release Date : 2013-06-24
Translating Maya Hieroglyphs written by Scott A.J. Johnson and has been published by University of Oklahoma Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-24 with History categories.
Maya hieroglyphic writing may seem impossibly opaque to beginning students, but scholar Scott A. J. Johnson presents it as a regular and comprehensible system in this engaging, easy-to-follow textbook. The only comprehensive introduction designed specifically for those new to the study, Translating Maya Hieroglyphs uses a hands-on approach to teach learners the current state of Maya epigraphy. Johnson shows readers step by step how to translate ancient Maya glyphs. He begins by describing how to break down a Mayan text into individual glyphs in the correct reading order, and then explains the different types of glyphs and how they function in the script. Finally, he shows how to systematically convert a Mayan inscription into modern English. Not simply a reference volume, Translating Maya Hieroglyphs is pedagogically arranged so that it functions as an introductory foreign-language textbook. Chapters cover key topics, including spelling, dates and numbers, basic grammar, and verbs. Formal linguistic information is accessibly explained, while worksheets and exercises complement and reinforce the material covered in the text. Glyph blocks and phrases drawn from actual monuments illustrate the variety and scribal virtuosity of Maya writing. The Maya writing system has not been fully deciphered. Throughout the text, Johnson outlines and explains the outstanding disputes among Mayanists. At the end of each chapter, he offers sources for further reading. Helpful appendices provide quick reference to vocabulary, glyph meanings, and calendrical data for students undertaking a translation. The study of Maya glyphs has long been an arcane subject known only to a few specialists. This book will change that. Taking advantage of the great strides scholars have made in deciphering hieroglyphs in the past four decades, Translating Maya Hieroglyphs brings this knowledge to a broader audience, including archaeologists and budding epigraphers.
Maya Atlas
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Author : Toledo Maya Cultural Council
language : en
Publisher: North Atlantic Books
Release Date : 1997
Maya Atlas written by Toledo Maya Cultural Council and has been published by North Atlantic Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with History categories.
Covers human, natural, and cultural resources, history, rainforest management, and current problems in Maya lands.
Current History And Forum
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1926
Current History And Forum written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1926 with History categories.
The Ritual Practice Of Time
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Author : Lars Kirkhusmo Pharo
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2013-11-28
The Ritual Practice Of Time written by Lars Kirkhusmo Pharo and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-28 with History categories.
Calendars of Mesoamerican civilisations are subjected to what is categorised as “ritual practices of time”. This book is a comparative explication of rituals of time of four calendars: the Long Count calendar, the 260-day calendar, the 365-day calendar and the 52-years calendar. Building upon a comparative analytical model, the book contributes new theoretical insights about ritual practices and temporal philosophies. This comprehensive investigation analyses how ritual practices are represented and conceptualised in intellectual systems and societies. The temporal ritual practices are systematically analysed in relation to calendar organisation and structure, arithmetic, cosmogony and chronometry, spatial-temporality (cosmology), natural world, eschatology, sociology, politics, and ontology. It is argued that the 260-day calendar has a particular symbolic importance in Mesoamerican temporal philosophies and practices.
Commentary Upon The Maya Tzental Perez Codex
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Author : Carl Eugen Guthe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1910
Commentary Upon The Maya Tzental Perez Codex written by Carl Eugen Guthe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1910 with Codex Dresdensis Maya categories.
Encyclopaedia Of The History Of Science Technology And Medicine In Non Western Cultures
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Author : Helaine Selin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-03-12
Encyclopaedia Of The History Of Science Technology And Medicine In Non Western Cultures written by Helaine Selin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-03-12 with Science categories.
Here, at last, is the massively updated and augmented second edition of this landmark encyclopedia. It contains approximately 1000 entries dealing in depth with the history of the scientific, technological and medical accomplishments of cultures outside of the United States and Europe. The entries consist of fully updated articles together with hundreds of entirely new topics. This unique reference work includes intercultural articles on broad topics such as mathematics and astronomy as well as thoughtful philosophical articles on concepts and ideas related to the study of non-Western Science, such as rationality, objectivity, and method. You’ll also find material on religion and science, East and West, and magic and science.
The Mayans
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Author : Stuart A. Kallen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
The Mayans written by Stuart A. Kallen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with History categories.
Discusses the Mayan civilization and its influences on later cultures, as well as factors contributing to its demise.