The Political Question Doctrine And The Supreme Court Of The United States
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The Political Question Doctrine And The Supreme Court Of The United States
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Author : Nada Mourtada-Sabbah
language : en
Publisher: Lexington Books
Release Date : 2007-01-11
The Political Question Doctrine And The Supreme Court Of The United States written by Nada Mourtada-Sabbah and has been published by Lexington Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-11 with Political Science categories.
The application of the Political Question Doctrine is at a crucial crossroads as the Supreme Court continues to test new 'War on Terrorism' initiatives. Historically, the political question doctrine has held the courts from resolving constitutional issues that are better left to other departments of government, as a way of maintaining the system of checks and balances. However, the doctrine's many ambiguities have allowed a roughly defined juxtaposition of the branches of government during previous years when the Republic was concerned with both international matters and those within its continental confines. The Political Question Doctrine and the Supreme Court of the United States discusses the gradual changes in the parameters of the doctrine, including its current position dealing with increasingly extraterritorial concerns. Nada Mourtada-Sabbah and Bruce E. Cain bring together critical essays that examine the broad issues of judicial involvement in politics and the future of the doctrine. With a wide range of historical and theoretical perspectives, this book will stimulate debate among those interested in political science and legal studies.
The Political Question Doctrine
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Author : Congressional Research Congressional Research Service
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2014-12-23
The Political Question Doctrine written by Congressional Research Congressional Research Service and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-23 with categories.
Article III of the Constitution restricts the jurisdiction of federal courts to deciding actual "Cases" and "Controversies." The Supreme Court has articulated several "justiciability" doctrines emanating from Article III that restrict when federal courts will adjudicate disputes. One justiciability concept is the political question doctrine, according to which federal courts will not adjudicate certain controversies because their resolution is more proper within the political branches. Because of the potential implications for the separation of powers when courts decline to adjudicate certain issues, application of the political question doctrine has sparked controversy. Because there is no precise test for when a court should find a political question, however, understanding exactly when the doctrine applies can be difficult. The doctrine's origins can be traced to Chief Justice Marshall's opinion in Marbury v. Madison; but its modern application stems from Baker v. Carr, which provides six independent factors that can present political questions. These factors encompass both constitutional and prudential considerations, but the Court has not clearly explained how they are to be applied. Further, commentators have disagreed about the doctrine's foundation: some see political questions as limited to constitutional grants of authority to a coordinate branch of government, while others see the doctrine as a tool for courts to avoid adjudicating an issue best resolved outside of the judicial branch. Supreme Court case law after Baker fails to resolve the matter. The Court has historically applied the doctrine in a small but disparate number of cases, without applying clear rules for lower courts to follow. Possibly as a result of the murky nature of the doctrine, it has regularly been invoked in lower federal courts in cases concerning foreign policy. However, a recent Supreme Court case, Zivotofsky v. Clinton, appears to have narrowed the scope of the political question doctrine. In a suit seeking the vindication of a statutory right in the foreign affairs context, the Court reversed a lower court's finding that the case posed a political question. The Court explained that the proper analysis in such a situation begins not by asking whether adjudicating the case would require review of the foreign policy decisions of the political branches, but instead examining whether the plaintiff correctly interpreted the statute, followed by determining whether the statute was constitutional. The Court's opinion appears to restrict the types of claims that can pose political questions, and seems to encourage courts to decide more statutory claims on the merits. In turn, the decision could lead to increased judicial resolution of controversies concerning the separation of powers, rather than resolutions between the political branches themselves.
Political Questions And The Supreme Courts Of The U S A And India
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Author : Indrani Ghosh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Political Questions And The Supreme Courts Of The U S A And India written by Indrani Ghosh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Courts of last resort categories.
Constitutional Inquiries
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Author : Kelly R. Doyle
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Constitutional Inquiries written by Kelly R. Doyle and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with LAW categories.
Article III of the Constitution established the judicial branch of the United States, consisting of the Supreme Court and of any "inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.... " To staff such courts, the Constitution empowered life-tenured and salary-protected judges to adjudicate certain "cases" or "controversies," including cases arising under the Constitution. The Supreme Court, in Marbury v. Madison, held that the judicial power to interpret the Constitution necessarily includes the power of judicial review--that is, the power to countermand the decisions by other government agents because a given decision contravenes the Constitution. The Supreme Court has established a host of loosely related rules generally called the constitutional avoidance doctrine that discourage a federal court from issuing broad rulings on matters of constitutional law. After providing general background on the power of judicial review and the major theories on the constitutional avoidance doctrine, this book explores the various rules that allow a court to avoid a ruling that invalidates a democratically enacted law and the logic behind those rules. This book provides an exploration of how the doctrine of constitutional avoidance has influenced some of the recent jurisprudence of the Roberts Court, criticisms of the doctrine, and the implications for Congress. The book also discusses the justiciability and the separation of powers in the political question doctrine, which the Supreme Court has articulated to restrict when federal courts will adjudicate disputes.
The Doctrine Of Political Questions
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Author : Charles Gordon Post
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1933
The Doctrine Of Political Questions written by Charles Gordon Post and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1933 with Jurisdiction categories.
Political Questions Judicial Answers
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Author : Thomas M. Franck
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2012-05-05
Political Questions Judicial Answers written by Thomas M. Franck and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-05 with Law categories.
Almost since the beginning of the republic, America's rigorous separation of powers among Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branches has been umpired by the federal judiciary. It may seem surprising, then, that many otherwise ordinary cases are not decided in court even when they include allegations that the President, or Congress, has violated a law or the Constitution itself. Most of these orphan cases are shunned by the judiciary simply because they have foreign policy aspects. In refusing to address the issues involved, judges indicate that judicial review, like politics, should stop at the water's edge--and foreign policy managers find it convenient to agree! Thomas Franck, however, maintains that when courts invoke the "political question" doctrine to justify such reticence, they evade a constitutional duty. In his view, whether the government has acted constitutionally in sending men and women to die in foreign battles is just as appropriate an issue for a court to decide as whether property has been taken without due process. In this revisionist work, Franck proposes ways to subject the conduct of foreign policy to the rule of law without compromising either judicial integrity or the national interest. By examining the historical origins of the separation of powers in the American constitutional tradition, with comparative reference to the practices of judiciaries in other federal systems, he broadens and enriches discussions of an important national issue that has particular significance for critical debate about the "imperial presidency."
The Political Question Doctrine And The Supreme Court Of The United States
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Author : Nada Mourtada-Sabbah
language : en
Publisher: Lexington Books
Release Date : 2007
The Political Question Doctrine And The Supreme Court Of The United States written by Nada Mourtada-Sabbah and has been published by Lexington Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Law categories.
Historically, the political question doctrine has held the courts from resolving constitutional issues that are better left to other departments of government, as a way of maintaining the system of checks and balances. However, this book discusses the gradual changes in the parameters of the doctrine, including its current position dealing with increasingly extraterritorial concerns.
The Least Dangerous Branch
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Author : Alexander M. Bickel
language : en
Publisher: Yale University Press
Release Date : 1986-01-01
The Least Dangerous Branch written by Alexander M. Bickel and has been published by Yale University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-01-01 with Law categories.
"The concept of "The Least Dangerous Branch: the Supreme Court at the Bar of Politics" is something of a departure from all recent literature on the Supreme Court. The book attempts to state and substantiate a conception of the Supreme Court of the United States that is consistent with the theory and practice of political democracy. The author focuses on the Court's complex relationship with the nation's political institutions, in the context not only of what are conventionally regarded as great Constitutional cases, but also of jurisdictional and other adjudications that are usually ignored. Detailed treatment is given to cases concerned with film censorship, anti-birth-control legislation, Congressional investigations, loyalty and security dismissals, legislative apportionment, and segregation."
The Supreme Court And The Idea Of Constitutionalism
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Author : Steven Kautz
language : en
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
Release Date : 2011-11-29
The Supreme Court And The Idea Of Constitutionalism written by Steven Kautz and has been published by University of Pennsylvania Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-29 with Political Science categories.
From Brown v. Board of Education to Roe v. Wade to Bush v. Gore, the Supreme Court has, over the past fifty years, assumed an increasingly controversial place in American national political life. As the recurring struggles over nominations to the Court illustrate, few questions today divide our political community more profoundly than those concerning the Court's proper role as protector of liberties and guardian of the Constitution. If the nation is today in the midst of a "culture war," the contest over the Supreme Court is certainly one of its principal battlefields. In this volume, distinguished constitutional scholars aim to move debate beyond the sound bites that divide the opposing parties to more fundamental discussions about the nature of constitutionalism. Toward this end, the volume includes chapters on the philosophical and historical origins of the idea of constitutionalism; on theories of constitutionalism in American history in particular; on the practices of constitutionalism around the globe; and on the parallel emergence of—and the persistent tensions between—constitutionalism and democracy throughout the modern world. In democracies, the primary point of having a constitution is to place some matters beyond politics and partisan contest. And yet it seems equally clear that constitutionalism of this kind results in a struggle over the meaning or proper interpretation of the constitution, a struggle that is itself deeply political. Although the volume represents a variety of viewpoints and approaches, this struggle, which is the central paradox of constitutionalism, is the ultimate theme of all the essays.
Extending Rights Reach
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Author : Jud Mathews
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018-03-13
Extending Rights Reach written by Jud Mathews and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-13 with Law categories.
Constitutional rights protect individuals against government overreaching, but that is not all they do. In different ways and to different degrees, constitutional rights also regulate legal relations among private parties in most legal systems. Rights can have not only a vertical effect, within the hierarchical relationship between citizen and state, but also a horizontal one, on the citizen-to-citizen relationships otherwise governed by private law. In every constitutional system with judicially enforceable constitutional rights, courts must make choices about whether, when, and how to give those rights horizontal effect. This book is about how different courts make those choices, and about the consequences that they have. The doctrines that courts build to manage the horizontal effect of rights speak to the most fundamental issues that constitutional systems address, about the nature of rights and of constitutionalism itself. These doctrines can also entrench or enhance judicial power, but in very different ways depending on the legal system. This book offers three case studies, of Germany, the United States, and Canada. For each, it offers a detailed account of the horizontal effect jurisprudence of its apex court-not in isolation, but as a central feature of a broader account of that country's constitutional development. The case studies show how the choices courts make about horizontal rights reflect existing normative and political realities and, over time, help to shape new ones.
