The Position Of The Ophiuroidea Within The Phylum Echinodermata

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The Position Of The Ophiuroidea Within The Phylum Echinodermata

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Author : Mary C. Harmon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005

The Position Of The Ophiuroidea Within The Phylum Echinodermata written by Mary C. Harmon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.

ABSTRACT: Cladistic analyses of the interclass relationships of the phylum Echinodermata have not provided a phylogeny that is separately supported by both larval and adult characters. Similar to the reported incongruence with cladistic analyses, molecular analyses of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes have also given ambiguous results, which could be due to a number of factors. The use of short sequences, systematic errors such as long branch attraction, and mis-alignments of the data that are introduced by programs which are unsuitable for non-protein coding genes, have resulted in a controversy as to the true nature of echinoderm relationships. Historically, it is the position of the ophiuroids among the five extant classes of echinoderms that has been the most poorly understood, and the most recently published proposal is that there are three plausible relationships, albeit none of these are sufficiently supported. Re-analysis of 28S and 18S rRNA gene sequence data, with the addition of more phylogenetically informative sites as well as new taxa, the use of an alignment procedure that is based on rRNA secondary structure, and the testing of a myriad of evolutionary models have resulted in some new findings of ancestry. Interestingly, it is the phylogenetic position of the ophiuroids that proves to be among the more solid results from this analysis, while the historically supported sister group relationship between the echinoid and holothuroid classes are not greatly corroborated.

Biology Of Echinodermata

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Author : D.R. Khanna
language : en
Publisher: Discovery Publishing House
Release Date : 2005

Biology Of Echinodermata written by D.R. Khanna and has been published by Discovery Publishing House this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Echinodermata categories.

The present title Biology of Echinodermata has been carefully compilated on the basis of all recent researches and investigation made on Echinoderms. It is intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students of all universities. The text material has been written in a very easy, clear, lucid and straight forward manner to make a clear and vivid understanding. All important types have been dealt with complete, authentic and up-to-date account including morphology anatomy, physiology and development of selected types. Efforts have been made to condense the matter as far as practicable. It is hoped that the Biology of Echinodermata will not only meet the requirement of Indian students but will also be useful as a guideline to the teachers and researchers. Contents: Introduction, Asterias, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, Ophiuroidea, Crinoidea, Influence of Environment, Development of Larva, Water-vascular System in Echinodermata.

Echinoderm Larvae

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Author : Herbert Clifton Chadwick
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1914

Echinoderm Larvae written by Herbert Clifton Chadwick and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1914 with Echinodermata categories.

Reassessment Of The Classification Of The Ophiuroidea Echinodermata Based On Morphological Characters

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Author : Alexander Martynov
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

Reassessment Of The Classification Of The Ophiuroidea Echinodermata Based On Morphological Characters written by Alexander Martynov and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Ophiuroidea categories.

The Invertebrates Platyhelminthes And Rhynchocoela The Acoelomate Bilateria

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Author : Libbie Henrietta Hyman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1940

The Invertebrates Platyhelminthes And Rhynchocoela The Acoelomate Bilateria written by Libbie Henrietta Hyman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1940 with Invertebrates categories.

Youmares 9 The Oceans Our Research Our Future

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Author : Simon Jungblut
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-01-01

Youmares 9 The Oceans Our Research Our Future written by Simon Jungblut and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-01 with Aquatic biology categories.

This open access book summarizes peer-reviewed articles and the abstracts of oral and poster presentations given during the YOUMARES 9 conference which took place in Oldenburg, Germany, in September 2018. The aims of this book are to summarize state-of-the-art knowledge in marine sciences and to inspire scientists of all career stages in the development of further research. These conferences are organized by and for young marine researchers. Qualified early-career researchers, who moderated topical sessions during the conference, contributed literature reviews on specific topics within their research field. .

The Diet Of Ophiosparte Gigas Echinodermata

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Author : J.H. DEARBORN
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996

The Diet Of Ophiosparte Gigas Echinodermata written by J.H. DEARBORN and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.

An Introduction To Echinodermata

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Author : H. S. Bhamrah
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001

An Introduction To Echinodermata written by H. S. Bhamrah and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Echinodermata categories.

Member Of Phylum Echnodermata Are Exclusively Marine And Are Largely Bottom Dwellers. All Are Relatively Large Sized Animals, Most Being At Least Several Centimeters In Diameter. The Most Striking Characteristic Of This Phylum Is Their Pentamerous Radial Symmetry I.E., The Body Can Usually Be Divided Into Five Parts Arranged Around A Central Axis. The Phylum Contains About 6000 Known Species And Constitutes The Only Major Group Of Deuterostome Invertebrates.An Introduction To Echinodermata Is The Second Revised And Enlarged Edition Of The Book. It Hs Been Designed To Approach The Morphology, Anatomy, Physiology And Development Of Selected Type In A Simple And Lucid Style. According To The Scheme Of Treatment The Important Animal Types Of The Phylum Have Been Dealt With First, And Efforts Have Been Made To Present Their Elaborate And Uptodate Account. General Characters And Classification And Brief Description Of Other Important Types Of The Phylum Have Also Been Dealt With Complete, Authentic And Uptodate Account. Further Separate Chapters On Topics Of Significance And General Interest Pertaining To The Phylum Have Also Been Added To Make The Treatment More Elaborate.

Echinoderm Research And Diversity In Latin America

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Author : Juan José Alvarado
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-08-07

Echinoderm Research And Diversity In Latin America written by Juan José Alvarado and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-07 with Science categories.

This book compiles for the first time the development of echinoderm research in Latin America. The book contains 17 chapters, one introductory, 15 country chapters, and a final biogeographic analysis. It compiles all the investigations published in international and local journals, reports, theses and other gray literature. Each chapter is composed of 7 sections: introduction describes the marine environments, and main oceanographic characteristics, followed by a history of research account divided by specific subjects. The next section addresses patterns of distribution and diversity. A specific section would explain fishery or aquaculture activities. The next sections deal with environmental and anthropogenic threats that are affecting echinoderm, and any conservation or management action. Finally, a section with conclusions, needs and new lines of research. The book will include two appendixes with species lists of all echinoderms with bathimetric data, habitat and distribution.

Chordate Origins And Evolution

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Author : Noriyuki Satoh
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-07-14

Chordate Origins And Evolution written by Noriyuki Satoh and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-14 with Science categories.

Chordate Origins and Evolution: The Molecular Evolutionary Road to Vertebrates focuses on echinoderms (starfish, sea urchins, and others), hemichordates (acorn worms, etc.), cephalochordates (lancelets), urochordates or tunicates (ascidians, larvaceans and others), and vertebrates. In general, evolution of these groups is discussed independently, on a larger scale: ambulacrarians (echi+hemi) and chordates (cephlo+uro+vert). Until now, discussion of these topics has been somewhat fragmented, and this work provides a unified presentation of the essential information. In the more than 150 years since Charles Darwin proposed the concept of the origin of species by means of natural selection, which has profoundly affected all fields of biology and medicine, the evolution of animals (metazoans) has been studied, discussed, and debated extensively. Following many decades of classical comparative morphology and embryology, the 1980s marked a turning point in studies of animal evolution, when molecular biological approaches, including molecular phylogeny (MP), molecular evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo), and comparative genomics (CG), began to be employed. There are at least five key events in metazoan evolution, which include the origins of 1) diploblastic animals, such as cnidarians; 2) triploblastic animals or bilaterians; 3) protostomes and deuterostomes; 4) chordates, among deuterostomes; and 5) vertebrates, among chordates. The last two have received special attention in relation to evolution of human beings. During the past two decades, great advances have been made in this field, especially in regard to molecular and developmental mechanisms involved in the evolution of chordates. For example, the interpretation of phylogenetic relationships among deuterostomes has drastically changed. In addition, we have now obtained a large quantity of MP, evo-devo, and CG information on the origin and evolution of chordates. Covers the most significant advances in this field to give readers an understanding of the interesting biological issues involved Provides a unified presentation of essential information regarding each phylum and an integrative understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in the origin and evolution of chordates Discusses the evolutionary scenario of chordates based on two major characteristic features of animals—namely modes of feeding (energy sources) and reproduction—as the two main forces driving animal evolution and benefiting dialogue for future studies of animal evolution