The Reliability Of Self Reported Neighborhood Features And Associations Of Neighborhood Problems And Neighborhood Social Cohesion With Mental Health And Health Behaviors
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The Reliability Of Self Reported Neighborhood Features And Associations Of Neighborhood Problems And Neighborhood Social Cohesion With Mental Health And Health Behaviors
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Author : Sandra E. Echeverria
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
The Reliability Of Self Reported Neighborhood Features And Associations Of Neighborhood Problems And Neighborhood Social Cohesion With Mental Health And Health Behaviors written by Sandra E. Echeverria and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Dissertation Abstracts International
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Dissertation Abstracts International written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Dissertations, Academic categories.
Neighborhood Characteristics Social Capital And Depression
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Author : Hannah Cohen-Cline
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Neighborhood Characteristics Social Capital And Depression written by Hannah Cohen-Cline and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Introduction: Depression is one of the leading contributors to the global burden of disease, and can have a debilitating effect on quality of life. While it is already well-accepted that individual-level factors can influence depression, there is growing recognition of the important role the social and built environment plays in exacerbating or alleviating mental health problems. Depression risk varies across neighborhoods, and differences in neighborhood context may impact depression through diverse pathways, including reduced social services and lack of infrastructure, fear of crime and victimization, and a break down of social trust and community participation. Social capital, a measure of the social environment that encompasses the emotional, economic, and informational resources available to an individual or a group through their social networks, has been hypothesized as a protective factor against depression. It has further been hypothesized as a potential explanatory factor for the association between neighborhood context and depression. There is, however, little consensus about which domains of social capital are most relevant to depression, and while much of the previous literature has shown how social capital differs across neighborhoods, relatively less research is devoted to understanding what causes this variation. Understanding how the neighborhood social and built environment influences depression risk can inform decisions about investing scarce resources in community-based mental health promotion, and may ultimately contribute to a reduction in the burden depression places on individuals and the healthcare system. The goal of this dissertation was to explore pathways linking neighborhood characteristics, social capital, and depression. Although previous literature has evaluated these potential associations, inferences are limited due to concerns about unmeasured genetic and childhood environment confounding and self-selection into neighborhoods. This dissertation contributes to the literature by partially addressing these methodological concerns through the use of a twin study. Methods: This study uses data from the community-based University of Washington Twin Registry (UWTR). The UWTR contains over 8,000 monozygotic (identical, MZ) and dizygotic (fraternal, DZ) adult twins. It contains extensive survey data on sociodemographics, health behaviors and outcomes, and built environment measures linked to geocoded residential addresses. All twins included in the study were from same-sex pairs. Chapter One assesses the association between five neighborhood environment factors (neighborhood socioeconomic depression, crime, residential instability, gentrification, and income inequality) and depression. Chapter Two examines the association between different domains of social capital (cognitive and structural) and depression, and investigates whether social capital serves as a moderator or a mediator in the neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation-depression pathway. Chapter Three explores possible reasons for the variation of social capital across neighborhoods by assessing the associations between three built environment domains (neighborhood composition, pedestrian-oriented design, and commercial diversity) and social capital in the Puget Sound region of Washington State. All analyses employed a random intercept “within-between” twin model with the outcome hypothesized to follow a Poisson distribution. In this model, the individual-level outcome is regressed on the twin-pair mean exposure and the individual twin’s deviation from their twin pair mean. The within-pair effect is the main parameter of interest because it inherently controls for potential confounding due to genetic and childhood environment factors shared between twins within a pair. Results: In Chapter One, only neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation showed an association with depression in the unadjusted and adjusted models; specifically, higher deprivation was linked to greater depressive symptoms, independent of individual-level sociodemographic characteristics and population density. In Chapter Two, greater cognitive social capital, which refers to how individuals perceive their environment and was measured by sense of belonging, neighborhood social cohesion, workplace connections, and trust, was associated with fewer depressive symptoms. In contrast, structural social capital, which refers to social actions and behaviors and was measured by community participation, volunteerism, and social interactions, was not significantly associated with depression. Further, no social capital measure served as a mediator or a moderator in the neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation-depression association. Finally, in Chapter Three, only property values were linked to any of the neighborhood social capital variables, and these results were mixed. In the unadjusted models, property values were associated with greater sense of belonging, neighborhood social cohesion, and perceived safety; however, the associations were no longer significant in the models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. Further, no measure of pedestrian-oriented design or commercial diversity was associated with social capital. Conclusion: Overall, these results indicate that both neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and cognitive social capital are important risk factors for depression, independent of individual-level sociodemographics characteristics. These two factors do not, however, contribute to depression risk through the same pathway, nor does social capital influence the neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation-depression association. Additionally, the study does not provide evidence that differences in characteristics of the built environment can explain differences in the distribution of depression across neighborhoods. This suggests that there is not a strong association between these measures of social capital and built environment, and that specific interventions targeting the built environment may not improve social capital directly. The finding that social capital and neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation do influence depression risk is of great importance; however, other pathways to improving social capital, and therefore depression, will need to be explored.
One Health The Well Being Impacts Of Human Nature Relationships
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Author : Eric Brymer
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-11-07
One Health The Well Being Impacts Of Human Nature Relationships written by Eric Brymer and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-07 with categories.
In recent years there has been a growing body of evidence from fields such as public health, architecture, ecology, landscape, forestry, psychology, sport science, psychiatry, geography suggesting that nature enhances psychological health and wellbeing. Physical activity in the presence of nature, feelings of connection to nature, engagement with nature, specific environmental features (e.g. therapeutic, water and trees) and images of real and virtual nature have all been posited as important wellbeing facilitators. Thus, the association between natural environments and health outcomes might be more complex than initially understood (Pritchard, Richardson, Sheffield, & Mcewan, 2019). Despite the number of studies showing improvements in psychological health and wellbeing through nature-based physical activities or feelings of connection to nature the exact role and influence of the natural environment in this process is still rather unclear (Brymer, Davids, & Mallabon, 2014; Karmanov & Hamel, 2008). Research is also beginning to consider the importance of individual differences, meaning and the person-environment relationship (Freeman, Akhurst, Bannigan & James, 2016; Freeman & Akhurst, 2015) in the development of wellbeing and health outcomes. Furthermore traditional theoretical notions, such as Biophilia, topophilia, restoration theories and stress reduction theories typically used to interpret findings are also being critiqued. Often one of the main barriers for practitioners is the vast array of theories that claim to effectively explain research findings but that tend to be only partially relevant (e.g. for Physical activity or restoration), focus on the characteristics of the person (e.g. nature relatedness) and only some features of the landscape (e.g. therapeutic landscapes). This special edition therefore brings together cutting edge ideas and research from a wide set of disciplines with the purpose of exploring interdisciplinary or trans-disciplinary approaches to understanding the psychological health and wellbeing benefits of human-nature interactions.
Community Mental Health And Behavioral Ecology
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Author : A.M. Jeger
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Community Mental Health And Behavioral Ecology written by A.M. Jeger and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Psychology categories.
This volume is addressed to professionals and students in community mental health-including researchers, clinicians, administrators, educa tors, and students in relevant specialities within the fields of psychology, psychiatry, social work, public health, and nursing. The intent of this book is to serve as a practical resource for professionals and also as a di dactic text for students. In addition,·the volume seeks to make a theoret ical contribution to the field by presenting, for the first time in book form, a behavioral-ecological perspective in community mental health. We present behavioral-ecology as an emerging perspective that is concerned with the interdependence of people, behavior, and their sociophysical environments. Behavioral-ecology attributes mental health problems to transactions between persons and their settings, rather than to causes rooted exclusively within individuals or environments. In this vol ume we advance the notion of behavioral-ecology as an integration of two broad perspectives--behauioral approaches as derived from the indi vidual psychology of learning, and ecological approaches as encompassing the study of communities, environments, and social systems. Through the programs brought together in this book we are arguing for a merging of these two areas for purposes of advancing theory, research, and prac tice in community mental health.
Social Epidemiology
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Author : Lisa F. Berkman
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2000-03-09
Social Epidemiology written by Lisa F. Berkman and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-03-09 with Medical categories.
This book shows the important links between social conditions and health and begins to describe the processes through which these health inequalities may be generated. It reviews a range of methodologies that could be used by health researchers in this field and proposes innovative future research directions.
Associations Of Perceived Social Cohesion And Mental Distress In A Multi Ethnic Population Based Sample Of Adults In California
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Associations Of Perceived Social Cohesion And Mental Distress In A Multi Ethnic Population Based Sample Of Adults In California written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Dissertations, Academic categories.
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between perceived social cohesion assessed by neighborhood safety, neighborhood trust and community engagement and moderate and severe mental distress (MD) within a large sample of adults in California. These neighborhood characteristics along with social ties are great predictors of psychological distress, especially depression. Previous research has shown that social support resulting from social networking buffers the damaging health impact of major life events and chronic strains, however, few studies have investigated the specific features concerning mental distress and neighborhood characteristics in large-scale surveys. The California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) is the nation's largest health survey (N = 42,935, unweighted), and one of the few cross-sectional population-based surveys that includes social cohesion. This secondary analysis of CHIS data had the following hypothesis: perceived social cohesion factors such as neighborhood safety, trust and involvement are associated with moderate and severe mental distress after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. The outcome variable MD is based on the K6 scale, with scores of 0-4 defining "No MD", 5-12 defining "Moderate MD" and 13-24 "Severe MD". The final fitted multinomial regression model indicated that individuals who did not feel safe were more likely to report moderate and severe MD (OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.66; OR=1.83, 95% CI: 1.45-2.31). Those who did not trust their neighbors had greater odds of reporting moderate and severe MD after adjusting for covariates (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.43; OR= 1.81, 95% CI: 1.47, 2.24). Similarly, lack of community involvement significantly increased an individual's likelihood of MD suggesting that neighborhood environment plays an important role in an individual's psychosocial state and general health. This research has important practical implications in preventing and treating MD within communities and neighborhoods. It is necessary to assess where mental health resources might be better located to design targeted interventions by identifying neighborhood characteristics of at-risk populations. Future research should include census tract geographic allocation of mental health services and resources that can be used in community redevelopments to foster supportive social networks and increase the efficacy and sustainability of communities in need.
Measuring Social Functioning In Mental Health Studies
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Author : Rosalie A. Kane
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Measuring Social Functioning In Mental Health Studies written by Rosalie A. Kane and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Behavioral assessment categories.
Approaches To Measuring Human Behavior In The Social Environment
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Author : William R. Nugent
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Approaches To Measuring Human Behavior In The Social Environment written by William R. Nugent and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
Make the best use of measurement approaches that gauge social behavior Here is a state-of-the-art examination of various approaches to measuring and assessing client functioning and specific aspects of clients’ social environments. It examines numerous age groups and ethnic populations and makes use of cutting-edge methodologies in its examinations of measuring depression in children, measuring “the neighborhood” from a child’s perspective, measuring and assessing family functioning, measuring spirituality, and measuring psychosocial problems in seriously mentally ill families. Helpful tables in each chapter make complex information easy to access and understand. Inside Approaches to Measuring Human Behavior in the Social Environment you’ll find: a psychometric evaluation of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Childhood Diagnoses (KID-SCID) (with 4 tables) a clinical/psychometric perspective on using self-rating scales for assessing severely mentally ill individuals (with a chapter appendix and 2 tables) vital information on assessing the influence of tradition upon Chinese elders in order to provide culturally sensitive services (with 4 tables) a report on the psychometric properties of the Rap Music Attitude and Perception (RAP) Scale, an instrument designed to measure attitudes toward and perceptions of rap music (with 6 tables) a report on the assessment of self-esteem in people with severe mental illness (with 2 figures and 4 tables) a qualitative study of fourth and fifth graders’ views of the neighborhoods they live in (with 5 figures and 2 tables) an NIMH- and USDHHS-funded study examining the reliability and validity of the Preschool Symptom Self-Report (PRESS) which measures depression in maltreated young children (with 4 tables) a study of advances designed to improve the reliability/validity of the North Carolina Family Assessment Scale (NCFAS) as it relates to placement and the prediction of future placement within the context of Intensive Family Preservation Services (IFPS) (with 1 figure and 7 tables) conformatory factor analyses of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS) (with 3 figures and 4 tables) a report illustrating the development and empirical testing of the Spiritual Strategies Scale (SSS)—a measure of spiritual supports used by older adults in managing challenges in their lives (with 4 tables) an examination of the validity of college students’ responses to the Scale for the Identification of Acquaintance Rape Attitudes (SIARA), a measure designed to assess attitudes believed to be supportive of sexual violence within dating relationships (with 3 figures and 5 tables) Approaches to Measuring Human Behavior in the Social Environment is vital reading for master’s and PhD level social workers, psychologists, counselors, marriage and family therapists, psychiatrists, and researchers in these fields.
Social Integration In The Second Half Of Life
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Author : Karl Pillemer
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2003-05-01
Social Integration In The Second Half Of Life written by Karl Pillemer and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-05-01 with Medical categories.
Social scientists use the term social integration to refer to individuals' connections with others in their environments. The concept and its consequences have been the subject of considerable study. Many researchers have asserted that meaningful and enduring ties to other persons serve as a buffer against stress, and thereby promote physical and mental health. The results are especially pronounced for older persons. Social Integration in the Second Half of Life presents integrative reviews of theory and research on this topic. The editors and contributors, all currently or previously affiliated with the Cornell Gerontology Research Institute, also present new empirical findings of research done at their center. The first section of the book discusses basic theory and principles of social integration in later life and its implications for health. The second, largest section examines specific issues: retirement, driving, family support, housing, neighbors. The third section addresses interventions to promote social integration: transportation, volunteering, and peer support for dementia caregivers. Throughout, the authors focus on the diverging influences of social integration and its converse, social isolation, in later life.