The Roots Of Morality
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The Roots Of Morality
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Author : Maxine Sheets-Johnstone
language : en
Publisher: Penn State Press
Release Date : 2010-11-01
The Roots Of Morality written by Maxine Sheets-Johnstone and has been published by Penn State Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-01 with Philosophy categories.
The Origin And Development Of The Moral Ideas
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Author : Edward Westermarck
language : en
Publisher: Library of Alexandria
Release Date : 2020-09-28
The Origin And Development Of The Moral Ideas written by Edward Westermarck and has been published by Library of Alexandria this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-28 with Fiction categories.
THAT the moral concepts are ultimately based on emotions either of indignation or approval, is a fact which a certain school of thinkers have in vain attempted to deny. The terms which embody these concepts must originally have been used—indeed they still constantly are so used—as direct expressions of such emotions with reference to the phenomena which evoked them. Men pronounced certain acts to be good or bad on account of the emotions those acts aroused in their minds, just as they called sunshine warm and ice cold on account of certain sensations which they experienced, and as they named a thing pleasant or painful because they felt pleasure or pain. But to attribute a quality to a thing is never the same as merely to state the existence of a particular sensation or feeling in the mind which perceives it. Such an attribution must mean that the thing, under certain circumstances, makes a certain impression on the mind. By calling an object warm or pleasant, a person asserts that it is apt to produce in him a sensation of heat or a feeling of pleasure. Similarly, to name an act good or bad, ultimately implies that it is apt to give rise to an emotion of approval or disapproval in him who pronounces the judgment. Whilst not affirming the actual existence of any specific emotion in the mind of the person judging or of anybody else, the predicate of a moral judgment attributes to the subject a tendency to arouse an emotion. The moral concepts, then, are essentially generalisations of tendencies in certain phenomena to call forth moral emotions. However, as is frequently the case with general terms, these concepts are mentioned without any distinct idea of their contents. The relation in which many of them stand to the moral emotions is complicated; the use of them is often vague; and ethical theorisers, instead of subjecting them to a careful analysis, have done their best to increase the confusion by adapting the meaning of the terms to fit their theories. Very commonly, in the definition of the goodness or badness of acts, reference is made, not to their tendencies to evoke emotions of approval or indignation, but to the causes of these tendencies, that is, to those qualities in the acts which call forth moral emotions. Thus, because good acts generally produce pleasure and bad acts pain, goodness and badness have been identified with the tendencies of acts to produce pleasure or pain. The following statement of Sir James Stephen is a clearly expressed instance of this confusion, so common among utilitarians:—“Speaking generally, the acts which are called right do promote, or are supposed to promote general happiness, and the acts which are called wrong do diminish, or are supposed to diminish it. I say, therefore, that this is what the words ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ mean, just as the words ‘up’ and ‘down’ mean that which points from or towards the earth’s centre of gravity, though they are used by millions who have not the least notion of the fact that such is their meaning, and though they were used for centuries and millenniums before any one was or even could be aware of it.”
The Roots Of Ethics
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Author : Daniel Callahan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
The Roots Of Ethics written by Daniel Callahan and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Philosophy categories.
OUR AGE IS CHARACTERIZED by an uncertainty about the na ture of moral obligations, about what one can hope for in an afterlife, and about the limits of human knowledge. These uncertainties were captured by Immanuel Kant in his Critique of Pure Reason, where he noted three basic human questions: what can we know, what ought we to do, and what can we hope for. Those questions and the uncer tainties about their answers still in great part define our cultural per spective. In particular, we are not clear about the foundations of ethics, or about their relationship to religion and to science. This volume brings together previously published essays that focus on these inter relationships and their uncertainties. It offers an attempt to sketch the interrelationship among three major intellectual efforts: determining moral obligations, the ultimate purpose and goals of man and the cosmos, and the nature of empirical reality. Though imperfect, it is an effort to frame the unity of the human condition, which is captured in part by ethics, in part by religion, and in part by the sciences. Put another way, this collection of essays springs from an attempt to see the unity of humans who engage in the diverse roles of valuers, be lievers, and knowers, while still remaining single, individual humans.
The Roots Of Morality
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Author : F. R. Parra
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002-05-01
The Roots Of Morality written by F. R. Parra and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-05-01 with categories.
A new theory of the origins of moral beliefs and behavior.
The Rational And The Moral Order
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Author : Kurt Baier
language : en
Publisher: Open Court Publishing
Release Date : 1995
The Rational And The Moral Order written by Kurt Baier and has been published by Open Court Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Philosophy categories.
'The Rational and the Moral Order' is a significant book providing a comprehensive theory of morality. The opening chapter is simply marvellous. Baier provides a cogent response to Hume's conundrums on practical reasoning: logical entailment, he argues, is not the correct model of the relation between reasons and that for which they are reasons. Indeed, the giving of reasons is, in part, a social enterprise, and there is no necessary connection between rationality and self-interest. Just as the giving of reasons is a social enterprise taught to succeeding generations, so too is the moral enterprise, for a moral order is a social order of some sort. It is a social order that encourages a critical stance toward, and permits the correction of, its mores. Moral precepts can be sound or unsound, and yet can be relative to a moral order. In the concluding chapter Baier shows how his theoretical framework can be used to confront some of the moral problems people face, problems which have also exercised contemporary philosophers. Though there are many philosophers who believe that killing is worse than letting anyone die, there are few that defend the view other than by raw intuition. Baier deploys the resources of his theory of morality in support of this widely shared but poorly defended viewpoints. "Along the way, Baier deals with virtually all the problems that have taxed moral philosophers for a very long time -- rationality, responsibility, morality's relation to law, the good life, prisoner's dilemma, moral motivation, and others. The Rational and the Moral Order is careful, insightful, and convincing." --Theodore M. Benditt, University of Alabama
Christianity And The Roots Of Morality
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2017-06-06
Christianity And The Roots Of Morality written by and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-06 with Philosophy categories.
What is the role of religion, especially Christianity, in morality, pro-social behavior and altruism? Are there innate human moral capacities in the human mind? When and how did they appear in the history of evolution? What is the real significance of Jesus’ teaching in the Sermon on the Mount — does it set up unique moral standards or only crystallize humans’ innate moral intuitions? What is the role of religious teachings and religious communities in pro-social behavior? Christianity and the Roots of Morality: Philosophical, Early Christian, and Empirical Perspectives casts light on these questions through interdisciplinary articles by scholars from social sciences, cognitive science, social psychology, sociology of religion, philosophy, systematic theology, comparative religion and biblical studies. Contributors include: Nancy T. Ammerman, István Czachesz, Grace Davie, Jutta Jokiranta, Simo Knuuttila, Kristen Monroe, Mika Ojakangas, Sami Pihlström, Antti Raunio, Heikki Räisänen (✝), Risto Saarinen, Kari Syreeni, Lauri Thurén, Petri Ylikoski.
The Origin And Growth Of The Moral Instinct
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Author : Alexander Sutherland
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1898
The Origin And Growth Of The Moral Instinct written by Alexander Sutherland and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1898 with Philosophy categories.
Morality As A Religion
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Author : W. R. Washington Sullivan
language : en
Publisher: DigiCat
Release Date : 2022-09-16
Morality As A Religion written by W. R. Washington Sullivan and has been published by DigiCat this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-16 with Religion categories.
DigiCat Publishing presents to you this special edition of "Morality as a Religion" (An exposition of some first principles) by W. R. Washington Sullivan. DigiCat Publishing considers every written word to be a legacy of humankind. Every DigiCat book has been carefully reproduced for republishing in a new modern format. The books are available in print, as well as ebooks. DigiCat hopes you will treat this work with the acknowledgment and passion it deserves as a classic of world literature.
The Human Origin Of Morals
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Author : Joseph McCabe
language : en
Publisher: DigiCat
Release Date : 2022-06-03
The Human Origin Of Morals written by Joseph McCabe and has been published by DigiCat this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-03 with Fiction categories.
This treatise considers all aspects of morals and morality. McCabe spends a whole chapter arguing the starting point for the moral code or conscience, and considering its existence in long-dead generations. He quotes Kant in particular.
The Roots Of Goodness And Resistance To Evil
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Author : Ervin Staub
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2015-03-03
The Roots Of Goodness And Resistance To Evil written by Ervin Staub and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-03 with Psychology categories.
In The Roots of Goodness and Resistance to Evil, Ervin Staub draws on his extensive experience in scholarship and intervention in real-world settings to illuminate the socializing experiences, education, and training that lead children and adults to become caring people and active bystanders who help others, and act to prevent violence and create caring societies. The book offers an excellent balance of Staub's important and influential recent articles and essays in the field and newly written chapters. It explores why we should help and not harm others. It offers wide-ranging examples and research about the roots of everyday helping and heroism, rescue in the Holocaust and elsewhere, overcoming trauma to become altruists, reconciliation in Rwanda and other ways of resisting evil, and more. Staub engages with ways to promote active bystandership in the service of preventing violence, helping people to heal from violence, and building caring societies. He explores the range of experiences that lead to active bystandership, including socialization by parents, teachers (and peers) in childhood, education, experiential learning, and public education through media. He examines what personal characteristics or dispositions result from such experiences, which in turn lead to caring and helping. Staub also considers how circumstances influence people--both individuals and whole groups--and how they join with personal dispositions to determine whether people remain passive in the face of others' need or instead help others and behave in morally courageous or even heroic ways. He considers how moral and caring values can be subverted by circumstances, and outlines ways to resist that possiblity. He also considers how past victimization and the resulting psychological woundedness, which can lead to "defensive violence" or hostility toward people and the world, may be transformed by other experiences, leading to "altruism born of suffering." The book draws on research and theory as well as work in applied settings. Ultimately this book will help readers explore how we can turn ourselves into active, helpful people and what we need to do to create peaceful and caring societies.