The Sorghum Genome
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The Sorghum Genome
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Author : Sujay Rakshit
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-01-18
The Sorghum Genome written by Sujay Rakshit and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-18 with Science categories.
This book provides insights into the current state of sorghum genomics. It particularly focuses on the tools and strategies employed in genome sequencing and analysis, public and private genomic resources and how all this information is leading to direct outcomes for plant breeders. The advent of affordable whole genome sequencing in combination with existing cereal functional genomics data has enabled the leveraging of the significant novel diversity available in sorghum, the genome of which was fully sequenced in 2009, providing an unmatched resource for the genetic improvement of sorghum and other grass species. Cultivated grain sorghum is a food and feed cereal crop adapted to hot and dry climates, and is a staple for 500 million of the world’s poorest people. Globally, sorghum is also an important source of animal feed and forage, an emerging biofuel crop and model for C4 grasses, particularly genetically complex sugarcane.
Sorghum Molecular Breeding
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Author : R. Madhusudhana
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-08-20
Sorghum Molecular Breeding written by R. Madhusudhana and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides an up-to-date overview of international research work on sorghum. Its comprehensive coverage of our current understanding of transgenic development in sorghum and the strategies that are being applied in molecular breeding make this book unique. Important areas such as genetic diversity, QTL mapping, heterosis prediction, genomic and bioinformatics resources, post-genome sequencing developments, molecular markers development using bioinformatics tools, genetic transformation and transgenic research are also addressed. The availability of the genome sequence along with other recent developments in sequencing and genotyping technologies has resulted in considerable advances in the area of sorghum genomics. These in turn have led to the generation of a large number of DNA-based markers and resulted in the identification and fine mapping of QTL associated with grain yield, its component traits, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance as well as grain quality traits in sorghum. Though a large volume of information has accumulated over the years, especially following the sequencing of the sorghum genome, until now it was not available in a single reference resource. This book fills that gap by documenting advances in the genomics and transgenic research in sorghum and presenting critical reviews and future prospects. “Sorghum Molecular Breeding” is an essential guide for students, researchers and managers who are involved in the area of molecular breeding and transgenic research in sorghum and plant biologists in general.
Genetics Genomics And Breeding Of Sorghum
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Author : Yi-Hong Wang
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2014-07-08
Genetics Genomics And Breeding Of Sorghum written by Yi-Hong Wang and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-08 with Science categories.
Sorghum is one of the hardiest crop plants in modern agriculture and also one of the most versatile. Its seeds provide calorie for food and feed, stalks for building and industrial materials and its juice for syrup. This book provides an in-depth review of the cutting-edge knowledge in sorghum genetics and its applications in sorghum breeding. Each chapter is authored by specialists in their fields to report the latest trends and findings. The book showcases the definitive value of sorghum as a model system to study the genetic basis of crop productivity and stress tolerance and will provide a foundation for future studies in sorghum genetics, genomics, and breeding.
The Sorghum Bicolor Genome And The Diversification Of Grasses
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
The Sorghum Bicolor Genome And The Diversification Of Grasses written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Sorghum, an African grass related to sugar cane and maize, is grown for food, feed, fibre and fuel. We present an initial analysis of the approx730-megabase Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench genome, placing approx98percent of genes in their chromosomal context using whole-genome shotgun sequence validated by genetic, physical and syntenic information. Genetic recombination is largely confined to about one-third of the sorghum genome with gene order and density similar to those of rice. Retrotransposon accumulation in recombinationally recalcitrant heterochromatin explains the approx75percent larger genome size of sorghum compared with rice. Although gene and repetitive DNA distributions have been preserved since palaeopolyploidization approx70 million years ago, most duplicated gene sets lost one member before the sorghum rice divergence. Concerted evolution makes one duplicated chromosomal segment appear to be only a few million years old. About 24percent of genes are grass-specific and 7percent are sorghum-specific. Recent gene and microRNA duplications may contribute to sorghum's drought tolerance.
Cytogenomic Analyses Of The Genus Sorghum
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Author : Jason C. Anderson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Cytogenomic Analyses Of The Genus Sorghum written by Jason C. Anderson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
A phylogenetic tree based on ITS1, Adh1 and ndhF grouped the species of the genus Sorghum into one distinct monophyletic group, but including two sister lineages, one with x=5, the other with x=10 as basic chromosome numbers. The goal of this study was to elucidate major patterns in Sorghum genome evolution, particularly n=5 vs. n=10 genomes. A very recent molecular cytogenetic study in our laboratory revealed striking structural karyotypic rearrangements between S. bicolor (x=10) and an x=5 Sorghum species, S. angustum; so an immediate objective here was to determine if identical or similar rearrangements exist in other wild Sorghum species. Our approach was [1] to extend similar methods to additional species, i.e., fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses of sorghum genomic bacterial artificial chromosome clones and multi-BAC cocktail probes to mitotic chromosomes of S. angustum, S. versicolor, S. brachypodum and S. intrans; and [2] to augment the BAC-FISH findings by comparing telomeric and ribosomal DNA FISH signal distributions to x=5 and x=10 Sorghum species. Signals from in situ hybridizations of BAC-based probes were insufficiently robust and insufficiently localized to delineate FISH signal patterns akin to those discovered previously in S. angustum. Southern blots of the same BACs to restricted DNA of these species revealed relatively moderate affinity to smeared DNA, suggesting homology to non-tandemized sequences. FISH of the A-type TRS (Arabidopsis-like telomeric repeat sequence) revealed its presence is limited to terminal chromosomal regions of the Sorghum species tested, except S. brachypodum, which displayed intercalary signal on one chromosome and no detachable signal at its termini region. The hybridization of 45S and 5S rDNA revealed that the respective sites of tandemized clusters differ among species in terms of size, number and location, except S. angustum versus S. versicolor. Well localized BAC-FISH signals normally occur when signals from low-copy sequences discernibly exceed background signal, including those from hybridization of dispersed repetitive elements. The low level of signal intensity from BAC low-copy sequences relative to the background signal "noise" seems most likely due to low homology and(or) technical constraints. Extensive dispersal of low-copy sequences that are syntenic in S. bicolor seems unlikely, but possible. In conclusion, the result was a lack of clear experimental success with BAC-FISH and an inability to effectively screen for S. angustum-like rearrangements using BAC-FISH. The telomeric and rDNA FISH indicated that the x=5 genomes vary extensively. One can surmise that although the arrangements seen in S. angustum might extend to S. versicolor, they certainly do not extend to S. versicolor, they certainly do not extend to S. intrans or S. brachypodum. It is clear that S. brachypodum has telomeric repeats that are either very short or rely on some sequence other than the A-type TRS.
Gene Characterization And Marker Development In Sorghum Bicolor L Moench
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Author : Sarah June Schloss
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Gene Characterization And Marker Development In Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Sarah June Schloss and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Genetic Analysis Of Stem Composition Variation In Sorghum Bicolor
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Author : Joseph Evans
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Genetic Analysis Of Stem Composition Variation In Sorghum Bicolor written by Joseph Evans and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is the world's fifth most economically important cereal crop, grown worldwide as a source of food for both humans and livestock. Sorghum is a C4 grass that is well adapted to hot and arid climes and is popular for cultivation on lands of marginal quality. Recent interest in development of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass has drawn attention to sorghum, which can be cultivated in areas not suitable for more traditional crops, and is capable of generating plant biomass in excess of 40 tons per acre. While the quantity of biomass and low water consumption make sorghum a viable candidate for biofuels growth, the biomass composition is enriched in lignin, which is problematic for enzymatic and chemical conversion techniques. The genetic basis for stem composition was analyzed in sorghum populations using a combination of genetic, genomic, and bioinformatics techniques. Utilizing acetyl bromide extraction, the variation in stem lignin content was quantified across several sorghum cultivars, confirming that lignin content varied considerably among sorghum cultivars. Previous work identifying sorghum reduced-lignin lines has involved the monolignol biosynthetic pathway; all steps in the pathway were putatively identified in the sorghum genome using sequence analysis. A bioinformatics toolkit was constructed to allow for the development of genetic markers in sorghum populations, and a database and web portal were generated to allow users to access previously developed genetic markers. Recombinant inbred lines were analyzed for stem composition using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR) and genetic maps constructed using restriction site-linked polymorphisms, revealing 34 quantitative trail loci (QTL) for stem composition variation in a BTx642 x RTx7000 population, and six QTL for stem composition variation in an SC56 x RTx7000 population. Sequencing the genome of BTx642 and RTx7000 to a depth of ~11x using Illumina sequencing revealed approximately 1.4 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1 million SNPs, respectively. These polymorphisms can be used to identify putative amino acid changes in genes within these genotypes, and can also be used for fine mapping. Plotting the density of these SNPs revealed patterns of genetic inheritance from shared ancestral lines both between the newly sequenced genotypes and relative to the reference genotype BTx623.
A General Overview Of Sweet Sorghum Genomics
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Author : Didiana Galvez-Lopez
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
A General Overview Of Sweet Sorghum Genomics written by Didiana Galvez-Lopez and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Science categories.
Sorghum is one of the main cereal crops, its consumption is large, since it provides grain, fiber and biofuel. Likewise, its genome, with only 10 diploid chromosomes, makes it an attractive model for research and genetic improvement. Sorghum is the most studied C4 plant of its genus; several lines have been developed under three main characteristics: grain, forage and sugar biomass. Compared to other crops, sweet sorghum possesses high levels of highly fermentable sugars in the stem. Also, it has the ability of producing high production yields in marginal lands. These characteristics make it and attractive crop for the generation of biofuels. Molecular markers associated to several resistances and tolerances to biotic and abiotic factors have been described in literature. These allow the development of high-density linkage maps, which, along with the rising availability of sorghum genomes, will accelerate the identification of markers and the integration of the complete genome sequence. This will facilitate the selection of traits related to biofuels and the marker-assisted genetic improvement. Most of the information presented in this review is focused in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. However, from the bioenergetics perspective, it is limited to sweet sorghum, which represents a promising opportunity for further studies.
Genomics Of The Saccharinae
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Author : Andrew Paterson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-09-13
Genomics Of The Saccharinae written by Andrew Paterson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-13 with Science categories.
The Saccharinae clade of the Poaceae (grass) family of flowering plants includes several important crops with a rich history of contributions to humanity and the promise of still-greater contributions, as a result of some of the highest biomass productivity levels known, resilience to drought and other environmental challenges that are likely to increase, amenability to production systems that may mitigate or even reverse losses of ecological capital such as topsoil erosion, and the recent blossoming of sorghum as a botanical and genomic model for the clade. In Genomics of the Saccharinae, advances of the past decade and earlier are summarized and synthesized to elucidate the current state of knowledge of the structure, function, and evolution of the Sorghum, Saccharum, and Miscanthus genera, and progress in the application of this knowledge to crop improvement. As a backdrop, it is important to understand the naturally occurring diversity in each genus, its organization and distribution, and its evolutionary history. Genomic tools and methods for Saccharinae biology and improvement have improved dramatically in the past few years – a detailed summary of these tools and their applications is a central element of this book. Application of genomic tools to priorities in crop improvement, including understanding and manipulating plant growth and development, composition, and defense, as well as increasing the quality and productivity of seed/grain, sugar, biomass, and other value-added products under a range of conditions and inputs, are addressed. In particular, as the first native African crop to emerge as a genomic model, sorghum offers an excellent case study of challenges and opportunities in linking new advances in biosciences to solving some of Africa’s major agricultural problems. Several members of the clade, exemplified by Sorghum halepense (Johnsongrass) offer insights into weediness and invasion biology. The first sequence for a member of the clade, sorghum, as well as progress and challenges toward sequencing of additional members and the new opportunities that this will create, are also explored. Indeed, the very complexities that have hindered study of some clade members also offer intriguing opportunities to gain insight into fundamental questions such as roles of polyploidy in agricultural productivity and post-polyploidy evolution.
Bibliography On Town Refuse Sewage Sludge Areas As Fertilizers 1945 1957
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1958
Bibliography On Town Refuse Sewage Sludge Areas As Fertilizers 1945 1957 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1958 with categories.