The Spectroscopy Of Nuclear Gamma Rays By Direct Crystal Diffraction Methods
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The Spectroscopy Of Nuclear Gamma Rays By Direct Crystal Diffraction Methods
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Author : Jesse William Monroe DuMond
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1954
The Spectroscopy Of Nuclear Gamma Rays By Direct Crystal Diffraction Methods written by Jesse William Monroe DuMond and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1954 with Gamma rays categories.
The Spectroscopy Of Nuclear Gamma Rays By Direct Crystal Diffraction Methods
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Author : Jesse William Monroe DuMond
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1954
The Spectroscopy Of Nuclear Gamma Rays By Direct Crystal Diffraction Methods written by Jesse William Monroe DuMond and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1954 with Gamma rays categories.
Fundamental Research In Precision Spectroscopy Of X Rays And Gamma Rays The Spectroscopy Of Nuclear Gamma Rays By Direct Crystal Diffraction Methods Special Technical Report No 28 Special Technical Report
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1954
Fundamental Research In Precision Spectroscopy Of X Rays And Gamma Rays The Spectroscopy Of Nuclear Gamma Rays By Direct Crystal Diffraction Methods Special Technical Report No 28 Special Technical Report written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1954 with categories.
Flat Quartz Crystal X Ray Spectrometer For Nuclear Forensics Applications
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Author : Alison Goodsell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Flat Quartz Crystal X Ray Spectrometer For Nuclear Forensics Applications written by Alison Goodsell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The ability to quickly and accurately quantify the plutonium (Pu) content in pressurized water reactor (PWR) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is critical for nuclear forensics purposes. One non-destructive assay (NDA) technique being investigated to detect bulk Pu in SNF is measuring the self-induced x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Previous XRF measurements of Three Mile Island (TMI) PWR SNF taken in July 2008 and January 2009 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) successfully illustrated the ability to detect the 103.7 keV x ray from Pu using a planar high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. This allows for a direct measurement of Pu in SNF. Additional gamma ray and XRF measurements were performed on TMI SNF at ORNL in October 2011 to measure the signal-to-noise ratio for the 103.7 keV peak. Previous work had shown that the Pu/U peak ratio was directly proportional to the Pu/U content and increased linearly with burnup. However, the underlying Compton background significantly reduced the signal-to-noise ratio for the x-ray peaks of interest thereby requiring a prolonged count time. Comprehensive SNF simulations by Stafford et al showed the contributions to the Compton continuum were due to high-energy gamma rays scattering in the fuel, shipping tube, cladding, collimator and detector1. The background radiation was primarily due to the incoherent scattering of the 137Cs 661.7 keV gamma. In this work methods to reduce the Compton background and thereby increase the signal-to-noise ratio were investigated. To reduce the debilitating effects of the Compton background, a crystal x-ray spectrometer system was designed. This wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy technique isolated the Pu and U x rays according to Bragg's law by x-ray diffraction through a crystal structure. The higher energy background radiation was blocked from reaching the detector using a customized collimator and shielding system. A flat quartz-crystal x-ray spectrometer system was designed specifically to fit the constraints and requirements of detecting XRF from SNF. Simulations were performed to design and optimize the collimator design and to quantify the improved signal-to-noise ratio of the Pu and U x-ray peaks. The proposed crystal spectrometer system successfully diffracted the photon energies of interest while blocking the high-energy radiation from reaching the detector and contributing to background counts. The spectrometer system provided a higher signal-to-noise ratio and lower percent error for the XRF peaks of interest from Pu and U. Using the flat quartz-crystal x-ray spectrometer and customized collimation system, the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) simulations showed the 103.7 keV Pu x-ray peak signal-to-noise ratio improved by a factor of 13 and decreased the percent error by a factor of 3.3.
Gamma Ray Spectrometry Of Rocks
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Author : John A. S. Adams
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Gamma Ray Spectrometry Of Rocks written by John A. S. Adams and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Nature categories.
Gamma-Ray Spectrometry of Rocks: Methods in Geochemistry and Geophysics provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of the gamma-ray spectrometry of rocks. This book discusses the increasing interest in using gamma spectrometry in the search for uranium ore. Organized into seven chapters, this book begins with an overview of the approximate frequency and wave length of electromagnetic radiations. This text then examines the quantitative detection of X and gamma photons, which is based upon their interactions with matter. Other chapters consider the inorganic scintillation crystals as the most favorable detectors due to its requirement of a high intrinsic efficiency. This book discusses as well the shape of the spectrum of a monoenergetic gamma-ray beam, which is dependent on the photon energy. The final chapter deals with the determination of the abundances of natural radioisotopes and their stable end products in a rock or mineral. This book is a valuable resource for radiological health physicists, chemists, geochemists, and exploration geologists.
Scintillation Spectroscopy Of Gamma Radiation
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Author : Stephen M. Shafroth
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1967
Scintillation Spectroscopy Of Gamma Radiation written by Stephen M. Shafroth and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1967 with Gamma ray spectrometry categories.
Practical Gamma Ray Spectroscopy
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Author : Gordon Gilmore
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-09-07
Practical Gamma Ray Spectroscopy written by Gordon Gilmore and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-07 with Science categories.
The Second Edition of Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry has been completely revised and updated, providing comprehensive coverage of the whole gamma-ray detection and spectrum analysis processes. Drawn on many years of teaching experience to produce this uniquely practical volume, issues discussed include the origin of gamma-rays and the issue of quality assurance in gamma-ray spectrometry. This new edition also covers the analysis of decommissioned nuclear plants, computer modelling systems for calibration, uncertainty measurements in QA, and many more topics.
Gamma And X Ray Spectrometry With Semiconductor Detectors
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Author : Klaus Debertin
language : en
Publisher: North Holland
Release Date : 1988
Gamma And X Ray Spectrometry With Semiconductor Detectors written by Klaus Debertin and has been published by North Holland this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Science categories.
Hardbound. This book covers the topics essential to gamma- and x-ray spectrometry as it is now practiced with semiconductor detectors in the energy range from 5keV to 3MeV. This includes useful physical and mathematical background information, the components of a standard photon spectrometer, spectrum analysis procedures, the energy and efficiency calibration, energy and emission-rate measurement methods and some application examples.
Applied Gamma Ray Spectrometry
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Author : C. E. Crouthamel
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Applied Gamma Ray Spectrometry written by C. E. Crouthamel and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Science categories.
Applied Gamma-Ray Spectrometry covers real life application of the gamma-ray and the devices used in their experimental studies. This book is organized into 9 chapters, and starts with discussions of the various decay processes, the possible interaction mechanisms of gamma radiation with matter, and the intrinsic and extrinsic variables, which affect the observed gamma-ray and X-ray spectra. The subsequent chapters deal with the properties and fabrication of scintillation detectors, semiconductor detectors, and proportional gas counters. These chapters present some of the most widely utilized applications of these detectors, with a particular emphasis to the activation analysis. These topics are followed by reviews of the description of basic equipment, such as amplifiers, analyzers, special spectrometer arrangements, and detector shielding. Other chapters describe energy and time resolution and quantitative calibration. The quantitative and qualitative interpretation of the spectra is also explained, along with the calibration of the detectors. The last chapter considers the analytical applications of gamma-ray and X-ray spectrometry in tracer studies, activation analysis, fission product studies, and X-ray fluorescence analysis. This book will be of value to analytical chemists and analytical chemistry researchers.
Practical Gamma Ray Spectroscopy
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Author : Gordon Gilmore
language : en
Publisher: Wiley
Release Date : 2024-09-30
Practical Gamma Ray Spectroscopy written by Gordon Gilmore and has been published by Wiley this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-09-30 with Science categories.
The cutting-edge new edition of the classic introduction to radioactive measurement Gammy-Ray Spectrometry is a key technique in the study of radioactive decay. It measures the rate and extent of radioactivity from a variety of sources, both natural and artificial, including cosmic ray sources, nuclear reactors, high-energy physics experiments, and more. The resulting data can be essential to environmental monitoring and to a range of experimental sciences. For years, Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry has served as the classic introduction to this area for current or aspiring practitioners. A comprehensive but accessible treatment of the subject, with a thorough discussion of all major classes of detectors and their associated electronic systems, it contains everything a researcher needs to make optimal gamma-ray measurements. Now fully updated to reflect the latest technology and experimental data, it is a must-own for researchers looking to incorporate gamma-ray spectrometry into their scientific practice. Readers of the third edition of Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry will also find: Fault-finding guide for rapid and effective problem resolution Workshop-style approach emphasizing the fundamentals of laboratory practice New sections dealing with novel developments in nuclear structure research, measuring effects of pollution and climate change, new semiconductor materials, and more Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry is ideal for PhD students and practicing gamma-ray spectroscopists, including researchers working on radiation, energy and environmental monitoring professionals, and researchers working in physics, archaeometry, and related subjects.