The Spokane Aquifer Washington
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The Spokane Aquifer Washington
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Author : Dee Molenaar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
The Spokane Aquifer Washington written by Dee Molenaar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Aquifers categories.
The Spokane Aquifer Washington
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Author : Dee Molenaar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
The Spokane Aquifer Washington written by Dee Molenaar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Aquifers categories.
The Spokane Aquifer Washington
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Author : Dee Molenaar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
The Spokane Aquifer Washington written by Dee Molenaar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with categories.
The Spokane Aquifer Washington Its Geologic Origin And Water Bearing And Water Quality Charateristics
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Author : Dee Molenaar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
The Spokane Aquifer Washington Its Geologic Origin And Water Bearing And Water Quality Charateristics written by Dee Molenaar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Aquifers categories.
Surface Water Ground Water Interaction Of The Spokane River And The Spokane Valley Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer Idaho And Washington
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Author : Rodney R. Caldwell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Surface Water Ground Water Interaction Of The Spokane River And The Spokane Valley Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer Idaho And Washington written by Rodney R. Caldwell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Groundwater flow categories.
Evaluation Of Water Quality Characteristics Of Part Of The Spokane Aquifer Washington And Idaho Using A Solute Transport Digital Model
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Author : J. J. Vaccaro
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Evaluation Of Water Quality Characteristics Of Part Of The Spokane Aquifer Washington And Idaho Using A Solute Transport Digital Model written by J. J. Vaccaro and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Groundwater categories.
Formulation Of A Finite Difference Groundwater Flow Model For The Spokane Valley Aquifer Washington
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Author : Iain A. Olness
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Formulation Of A Finite Difference Groundwater Flow Model For The Spokane Valley Aquifer Washington written by Iain A. Olness and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Aquifers categories.
"The Spokane Valley - Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer system is unique in that it is one of the most productive aquifers in the United States, and is the only source of good quality water for the Spokane Valley. Recharge to the aquifer comes mainly from Lake Coeur d'Alene, Lake Pend Oreille, the Spokane River, precipitation, and runoff. The aquifer extends from Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho to Long Lake, Washington and covers approximately 425 square miles. The aquifer framework is comprised predominantly of Quaternary flood deposits which originated from Glacial Lake Missoula. Precambrian-age through Tertiary-age consolidated rocks make up the bedrock beneath the Spokane Valley, along the valley margins, and in the highlands in the surrounding area. A modular three-dimensional finite-difference flow model was developed to simulate the flow of groundwater through the Spokane aquifer using MODFLOW/EM[trademark]. The modeled area extended two (2) miles east of the Washington- Idaho state line to two (2) miles west of Havana Street, the eastern corporate city limit of Spokane, Washington. The model domain consists of 6,300 cells in seventy (70) rows and ninety (90) columns, with approximately 2,900 active cells. The cells comprising the northern and southern boundaries of the aquifer, and all cells that lay outside these boundaries, were designated as no-flow cells. Cells within the aquifer boundaries were modeled as variable head and cells simulating the lakes were modeled as constant head. The eastern boundary of the modeled area was designed as a general- head boundary. Input for the model consisted of inputting data into the following seven (7) packages: (1) basic, (2) block centered flow, (3) river, (4) recharge, (5) well, (6) evapotranspiration, and (7) general-head boundary. All of the data was obtained from previously published and unpublished reports, with the majority of the data obtained from Boike and Vaccaro (1980). Little or no change in the water levels was found in the Spokane aquifer for the 1920-1991 period, indicating the system is more or less in equilibrium. Calibration of the model was accomplished by primarily adjusting hydraulic conductivity values in the variable head cells and the river bottom conductance values for the river nodes until the least differences were observed between the heads calculated by this model and the 1980 water-table map constructed by Boike and Vaccaro (1980). The groundwater flow across the state line calculated using this model was 305 cubic feet per second (cfs) and the overall groundwater flow was 752 cfs. The sensitivity of the model was tested by routinely adjusting the various physical factors (saturated thickness, hydraulic conductivity, well pump rates) uniformly and noticing the effect these changes had on the leakage to/from the Spokane River and the heads of the Spokane aquifer. The most important physical factors ascertained from the sensitivity analysis were the saturated thickness values, the hydraulic conductivity values, and the well pump rates. Groundwater flow at the state line increased 84%, flow throughout the entire model increased 34%, and an average difference in water levels of -1.45 feet resulted from using saturated thickness values determined by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1951) as opposed to those determined by Newcomb and others (1953). Groundwater flow at the state line decreased by 58%, flow throughout the entire model decreased by 32%, and groundwater levels increased by an average of 2.8 feet when the hydraulic conductivity values of the separate zones was decreased by 50%. Increasing the hydraulic conductivity values of the separate zones by 100% resulted in an increase of groundwater flow at the state line by 112%, flow through the entire model increased by 63%, and water levels dropped by an average of 1.9 feet"--Document.
Spokane Valley Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer Washington And Idaho
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Author : B. W. Drost
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Spokane Valley Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer Washington And Idaho written by B. W. Drost and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Groundwater categories.
Distribution Of Major And Trace Metals In Groundwater Of The Spokane Aquifer Northeastern Washington
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Author : Yi Zheng
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Distribution Of Major And Trace Metals In Groundwater Of The Spokane Aquifer Northeastern Washington written by Yi Zheng and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Groundwater categories.
"The Spokane aquifer consists of thick, poorly sorted glaciofluvial sediments. It is one of the most prolific aquifers in the United States and serves a population of more than a quarter million people in the rapidly growing city of Spokane and the adjoining areas located in northeastern Washington. This study investigates the concentrations of 26 metals in the groundwater, including 4 major elements Ca, Mg, K and Na, and 22 trace metals Al, Sb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Ag, Sr, Tl, Th, U, V and Zn. A total of 99 groundwater samples were collected in October 1993, January and April1994 and 14 river water samples in January and April 1994. The samples were analyzed by flame AA, ICP- AES and ICP-MS following procedures specified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory. Historical metal data, collected by the Spokane County Engineers' Water Quality Management Program, were compiled to assist this study. Hardness data indicate that wells tapping the Spokane aquifer dominantly yield hard water. Compared with the U.S. EPA drinking water standards, trace metal concentrations in groundwater in the Spokane aquifer indicate very high water quality. In general, trace metals show very low concentrations. The two most abundant trace metals are Sr and Ba, ranging from 13 to 140 J, g/L and 43 to 210 J, g!L respectively. Metals showing relatively constant concentrations include Al, As, Cr, Pb, Mo, U and V. Concentration ranges for these elements are: 1 to 8 J, g!L for Al; 1 to 9!J.g!L for As; 0.3 to 12 IJ, g!L for Cr; 0.1 to 7.7 J, g!L for Pb; 0.1 to 2.1 J, g!L for Mo; 0.2 to 7.1!J.g!L for U ; and 0.1 to 4.41J.g!L for V. Cu, Fe and Zn c6ncentrations vary widely, with Cu from 1 to 47 J, g!L; Fe from less than 5 up to 1945 J, g!L; and Zn from 1 to 357 J, g!L. Concentrations of Sb, Cd, Co, Mn, Ni and Se are predominantly lower than 1 J, g!L; concentrations of Ag, Be, Th and Tl are all below 0.1 IJ, g!L. Some of the suggested factors governing metal concentrations in the aquifer include: bedrock geochemistry, adsorption/desorption processes, pH conditions and hydrogeological characteristics, such as groundwater flow rate. Certain geochemical distribution patterns are recognized. The geographical variations of Ca, Mg, K and Na are most likely associated with local variations in bedrock geochemistry and the influence from surface water bodies. The dominantly low concentrations of trace metals represent their geochemical background in the groundwater, while some erratically elevated concentrations of Cd, Cr, Fe, Pb and Zn may have resulted from sources such as plumbing materials and land use activities. Concentrations of As, Cr and U indicate seasonal fluctuations, possibly due to seasonal variations in groundwater redox conditions. Controlling factors for metal concentrations in the Spokane River water mainly include the bedrock geochemistry of the catchment, river/aquifer interaction and the impact from earlier mining activities in the Coeur d' Alene mining district in Idaho. The Spokane River/aquifer interaction is clearly indicated by downstream metal distribution. During the low flow period in January, concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Na, Ba, Sr and U increase dramatically at reaches with groundwater discharge to the river, indicating geochemical contribution of groundwater to the river. During the high flow period, downstream variations in concentrations of these metals become significantly reduced, indicating the diminished influence of groundwater discharge on the river. Seasonal fluctuations of AI, Fe, Pb and Mn concentrations also are probably related to the influence of groundwater discharge. During the January low flow, groundwater discharge contributes significantly to the river flow, which may cause substantial dilution of the river water, resulting in lower concentrations of these metals, whereas during the April high flow, groundwater discharge may become insignificant in comparison with river discharge, higher concentrations of these metals may represent their true abundance in the river. The impact of earlier mining activities in the Lake Coeur d' Alene area is indicated by the consistently high concentrations of Zn in the river."--Document.
Spokane Aquifer Water Quality Management Plan
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Author : Spokane County Engineer's Office
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Spokane Aquifer Water Quality Management Plan written by Spokane County Engineer's Office and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Aquifers categories.