The State Of Physics At The End Of The 20th Century
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Quantum Generations
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Author : Helge Kragh
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2002-03-24
Quantum Generations written by Helge Kragh and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-03-24 with History categories.
At the end of the nineteenth century, some physicists believed that the basic principles underlying their subject were already known, and that physics in the future would only consist of filling in the details. They could hardly have been more wrong. The past century has seen the rise of quantum mechanics, relativity, cosmology, particle physics, and solid-state physics, among other fields. These subjects have fundamentally changed our understanding of space, time, and matter. They have also transformed daily life, inspiring a technological revolution that has included the development of radio, television, lasers, nuclear power, and computers. In Quantum Generations, Helge Kragh, one of the world's leading historians of physics, presents a sweeping account of these extraordinary achievements of the past one hundred years. The first comprehensive one-volume history of twentieth-century physics, the book takes us from the discovery of X rays in the mid-1890s to superstring theory in the 1990s. Unlike most previous histories of physics, written either from a scientific perspective or from a social and institutional perspective, Quantum Generations combines both approaches. Kragh writes about pure science with the expertise of a trained physicist, while keeping the content accessible to nonspecialists and paying careful attention to practical uses of science, ranging from compact disks to bombs. As a historian, Kragh skillfully outlines the social and economic contexts that have shaped the field in the twentieth century. He writes, for example, about the impact of the two world wars, the fate of physics under Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin, the role of military research, the emerging leadership of the United States, and the backlash against science that began in the 1960s. He also shows how the revolutionary discoveries of scientists ranging from Einstein, Planck, and Bohr to Stephen Hawking have been built on the great traditions of earlier centuries. Combining a mastery of detail with a sure sense of the broad contours of historical change, Kragh has written a fitting tribute to the scientists who have played such a decisive role in the making of the modern world.
Great Solid State Physicists Of The 20th Century
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Author : Carmen Arag¢ L¢pez
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2003
Great Solid State Physicists Of The 20th Century written by Carmen Arag¢ L¢pez and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
The 20th Century has been called the Century of Physics. It could be even more appropriate to call it the Century of Solid State Physics . All the technological developments which had changed the world by the end of the century had been based upon previous scientific developments in Solid State Physics. The Braggs, Debye, Bardeen, Landau were certainly at the forefront of all those revolutionary changes. Contents: The Braggs; Peter Debye; John Bardeen; Lev Davidovich Landau; The Relevance of Materials Science. Readership: Final-year undergraduates, graduate students, teachers, researchers working in materials physics, condensed matter/solid-state physics.
Twentieth Century Physics
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Author : L Brown
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1995-01-01
Twentieth Century Physics written by L Brown and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-01-01 with Science categories.
Twentieth Century Physics, Second Edition is a major historical study of the scientific and cultural development of physics in the twentieth century. This unique three-volume work offers a scholarly but highly readable overview of the development of physics, addressing both the cultural and the scientific aspects of the discipline. The three volumes deal with the major themes of physics in a quasi-chronological manner. The first volume covers the early part of the century while the second and third volumes discuss more recent issues. In each case, the development of the theme is traced from its inception to the present day. The list of contributors includes Nobel laureates, fellows of the Royal Society, and other distinguished international physicists. Where appropriate, specialists in the history of physics have written their own commentaries, providing a valuable counterpoint to the physicists' perspectives.
Great Solid State Physicists Of The 20th Century
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Author : Julio Antonio Gonzalo
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2003
Great Solid State Physicists Of The 20th Century written by Julio Antonio Gonzalo and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Science categories.
The 20th Century has been called the Century of Physics. It could be even more appropriate to call it the Century of Solid State Physics. All the technological developments which had changed the world by the end of the century had been based upon previous scientific developments in Solid State Physics. The Braggs, Debye, Bardeen, Landau were certainly at the forefront of all those revolutionary changes. Readership: Final-year undergraduates, graduate students, teachers, researchers working in materials physics, condensed matter/solid-state physics.
The End Of Science
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Author : John Horgan
language : en
Publisher: Hachette UK
Release Date : 2015-04-14
The End Of Science written by John Horgan and has been published by Hachette UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-14 with Science categories.
As staff writer for Scientific American, John Horgan has a window on contemporary science unsurpassed in all the world. Who else routinely interviews the likes of Lynn Margulis, Roger Penrose, Francis Crick, Richard Dawkins, Freeman Dyson, Murray Gell-Mann, Stephen Jay Gould, Stephen Hawking, Thomas Kuhn, Chris Langton, Karl Popper, Stephen Weinberg, and E.O. Wilson, with the freedom to probe their innermost thoughts? In The End Of Science, Horgan displays his genius for getting these larger-than-life figures to be simply human, and scientists, he writes, "are rarely so human . . . so at there mercy of their fears and desires, as when they are confronting the limits of knowledge."This is the secret fear that Horgan pursues throughout this remarkable book: Have the big questions all been answered? Has all the knowledge worth pursuing become known? Will there be a final "theory of everything" that signals the end? Is the age of great discoverers behind us? Is science today reduced to mere puzzle solving and adding detains to existing theories? Horgan extracts surprisingly candid answers to there and other delicate questions as he discusses God, Star Trek, superstrings, quarks, plectics, consciousness, Neural Darwinism, Marx's view of progress, Kuhn's view of revolutions, cellular automata, robots, and the Omega Point, with Fred Hoyle, Noam Chomsky, John Wheeler, Clifford Geertz, and dozens of other eminent scholars. The resulting narrative will both infuriate and delight as it mindless Horgan's smart, contrarian argument for "endism" with a witty, thoughtful, even profound overview of the entire scientific enterprise. Scientists have always set themselves apart from other scholars in the belief that they do not construct the truth, they discover it. Their work is not interpretation but simple revelation of what exists in the empirical universe. But science itself keeps imposing limits on its own power. Special relativity prohibits the transmission of matter or information as speeds faster than that of light; quantum mechanics dictates uncertainty; and chaos theory confirms the impossibility of complete prediction. Meanwhile, the very idea of scientific rationality is under fire from Neo-Luddites, animal-rights activists, religious fundamentalists, and New Agers alike. As Horgan makes clear, perhaps the greatest threat to science may come from losing its special place in the hierarchy of disciplines, being reduced to something more akin to literaty criticism as more and more theoreticians engage in the theory twiddling he calls "ironic science." Still, while Horgan offers his critique, grounded in the thinking of the world's leading researchers, he offers homage too. If science is ending, he maintains, it is only because it has done its work so well.
The Third Level Of Reality
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Author : Percy Seymour
language : en
Publisher: Cosimo, Inc.
Release Date : 2003-03-01
The Third Level Of Reality written by Percy Seymour and has been published by Cosimo, Inc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-03-01 with Body, Mind & Spirit categories.
The Third Level of Reality is a reprint of a book by Percy Seymour originally titled The Paranormal: Beyond Sensory Science. This edition features a new foreword by Colin Wilson. TOTAL REALITY CONSISTS OF THREE LEVELS. The first level of reality is the reality of the five senses. The second level of reality is that which results from the response of humans and animals to magnetic fields. This response can not only be used to find direction, time, and location in space, but it also allows us to understand some of the links between human personality and the state of the cosmos at the birth of each individual. The third level of reality requires a reformulation of our concepts of space and time. The main concept at the basis of this level is that some pairs of points in space, anchored on two types of subatomic particle, are linked by two different levels of space, only one of which is accessible to our five normal senses and scientific instruments. This other space-let's call it extrasensory space-is not limited by the speed of light. Here particles and events are instantaneously linked to those particles and events with which they last interacted. This approach to space and time makes it possible to understand a wide variety of phenomena relating to subatomic physics and to phenomena that we currently classify as paranormal, including the human aura, apparitions, telepathy, clairvoyance, and our ability to look into the future.
20th Century Physics
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Author : Edoardo Amaldi
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1998
20th Century Physics written by Edoardo Amaldi and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Science categories.
In this important volume, major events and personalities of 20th century physics are portrayed through recollections and historiographical works of one of the most prominent figures of European science. A former student of Enrico Fermi, and a leading personality of physical research and science policy in postwar Italy, Edoardo Amaldi devoted part of his career to documenting, both as witness and as historian, some significant moments of 20th century science. The focus of the book is on the European scene, ranging from nuclear research in Rome in the 1930s to particle physics at CERN, and includes biographies of physicists such as Ettore Majorana, Bruno Touschek and Fritz Houtermans.Edoardo Amaldi (Carpaneto, 1908 - Roma, 1989) was one of the leading figures in twentieth century Italian science. He was conferred his degree in physics at Rome University in 1929 and played an active role (as a member of the team of young physicists known as ?the boys of via Panisperna?) in the fundamental research on artificial induced radioactivity and the properties of neutrons, which won the group's leader Enrico Fermi the Nobel Prize for physics in 1938. Following Fermi's departure for the United States in 1938 and the disruption of the original group, Amaldi took upon himself the task of reorganising the research in physics in the difficult situation of post-war Italy. His own research went from nuclear physics to cosmic ray physics, elementary particles and, in later years, gravitational waves. Active research was for him always coupled to a direct involvement as a statesman of science and an organiser: he was the leading figure in the establishment of INFN (National Institute for Nuclear Physics) and has played a major role, as spokesman of the Italian scientific community, in the creation of CERN, the large European laboratory for high energy physics. He also actively supported the formation of a similar trans-national joint venture in space science, which gave birth to the European Space Agency. In these and several other scientific organisations, he was often entrusted with directive responsibilities. In his later years, he developed a keen interest in the history of his discipline. This gave rise to a rich production of historiographic material, of which a significant sample is collected in this volume.
Fundamentals Of Physics Volume I
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Author : José L. Mora-Lopez
language : en
Publisher: EOLSS Publications
Release Date : 2009-11-10
Fundamentals Of Physics Volume I written by José L. Mora-Lopez and has been published by EOLSS Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-11-10 with categories.
Fundamentals of Physics is a component of Encyclopedia of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty Encyclopedias. The Theme on Fundamentals of Physics provides an overview of the modern areas in physics, most of which had been crystallized in the 20th century, is given. The Theme on Fundamentals of Physics deals, in three volumes and cover several topics, with a myriad of issues of great relevance to our world such as: Historical Review of Elementary Concepts in Physics; Laws of Physical Systems; Particles and Fields; Quantum Systems; Order and Disorder in Nature; Topical Review: Nuclear Processes, which are then expanded into multiple subtopics, each as a chapter. These three volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers, NGOs and GOs.
The Heroic Age
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Author : Robert D. Purrington
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018-01-22
The Heroic Age written by Robert D. Purrington and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-22 with Science categories.
Quantum theory is one of the great achievements of twentieth century physics. Born at the very beginning of the century, it attained a definitive form by 1932, yet continued to evolve throughout the century. Its applications remain fully a part of modern life. It should thus come as no surprise that literature on the history of quantum theory is vast, but author Robert D. Purrington approaches the story from a new angle, by examining the original physics papers and scientific studies from before the creation of quantum mechanics to how scientists think about and discuss the subject today. The Heroic Age presents for the first time a detailed but compact and manageable history of the creation of quantum theory, and shows precisely where each important idea originated. Purrington provides the history of the crucial developmental years of quantum theory with an emphasis on the literature rather than an overview of this period focusing on personalities or personal stories of the scientists involved. This book instead focuses on how the theoretical discoveries came about, when and where they were published, and how they became accepted as part of the scientific canon.
A Bridge Between Conceptual Frameworks
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Author : Raffaele Pisano
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-06-30
A Bridge Between Conceptual Frameworks written by Raffaele Pisano and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-30 with Science categories.
This book analyzes scientific problems within the history of physics, engineering, chemistry, astronomy and medicine, correlated with technological applications in the social context. When and how is tension between disciplines explicitly practised? What is the conceptual bridge between science researches and the organization of technological researches in the development of industrial applications? The authors explain various ways in which the sciences allowed advanced modelling on the one hand, and the development of new technological ideas on the other hand. An emphasis on the role played by mechanisms, production methods and instruments bestows a benefit on historical and scientific discourse: theories, institutions, universities, schools for engineers, social implications as well. Scholars from different traditions discuss the emergency style of thinking in methodology and, in theoretical perspective, aim to gather and re-evaluate the current thinking on this subject. It brings together contributions from leading experts in the field, and gives much-needed insight into the subject from a historical point of view. The volume composition makes for absorbing reading for historians, philosophers and scientists.