The Structure Of Jets At Hadron Colliders
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The Structure Of Jets At Hadron Colliders
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Author : Andrew James Larkoski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
The Structure Of Jets At Hadron Colliders written by Andrew James Larkoski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Jets are collimated, high energy streams of particles that are ubiquitous at hadron colliders such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. It has been recognized that jets are a feature of the strong force, quantum chromodynamics (QCD). QCD predicts an approximate scaling behavior at high energies. Due to the very high energies made available by the LHC, the decay products of heavy, unstable particles can also be collimated into a narrow cone and these are observed as jets by the LHC experiments. Recently, there has been significant interest in studying the substructure of jets with the goal of discriminating QCD jets from jets initiated by heavy particle decay. In this thesis, I will describe the modeling of jets in QCD as well as the pattern of radiation from heavy particles, such as the top quark. This will lead to a discussion of a correlation function on the constituents of a jet that is useful in understanding jet substructure. This correlation function encodes angular scaling properties of jets and its behavior in QCD will be studied.
The Structure Of Jets At Hadron Colliders
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
The Structure Of Jets At Hadron Colliders written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Particle physics seeks to understand the interactions and properties of the fundamental particles. To gain understanding, there is an interplay between theory and experiment. Models are proposed to explain how particles behave and interact. These models make precise predictions that can be tested. Experiments are built and executed to measure the properties of these particles, providing necessary tests for the theories that attempt to explain the realm of fundamental particles. However, there is also another level of interaction between theory and experiment; the development of new experiments demands the study of how particles will behave with respect to the measured observables toward the goal of understanding the details and idiosyncrasies of the measurements very well. Only once these are well-modeled and understood can one be con dent that the data that are measured is trustworthy. The modeling and interpretation of the physics of a proton collider, such as the LHC, is the main topic of this thesis.
Statistical Aspects Of Jets Containing Heavy Quarks
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Author : Jared Denali Reiten
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Statistical Aspects Of Jets Containing Heavy Quarks written by Jared Denali Reiten and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Jets comprise a rich class of emergent phenomena stemming the underlying theory of the strong nuclear force, Quantum Chromodynamics. As jets are produced in copious quantities in hadron colliders, understanding their internal structure and evolution is of the utmost importance for modern particle physics. In this thesis, we study various aspects of a special class of jets---that is, jets containing heavy quarks, such as charm, bottom and top---which can all be understood from a statistical point of view. In the first part, we consider situations in which the observation of back-to-back heavy-quark dijet pairs shed light on key physics governing the final and initial states of high-energy particle collisions---from the modification of dijet mass spectra by the quark-gluon plasma created in the collisions of heavy ions to the probing of the Sivers spin asymmetry in deep inelastic scattering. In the second part, we analyze the internal landscapes of jets initiated by heavy quarks and demonstrate how the so-called ``dead-cone'' effect manifests in the cumulants of jet substructure distributions. In the third and final part, we adapt concepts from the machine learning community to tag top jets from a background of jets initiated by light quarks and gluons as well develop a novel data type that is particularly well-suited to exposing the characteristic angular structure of top decay products.
Jet Shapes In Hadron And Electron Colliders
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Jet Shapes In Hadron And Electron Colliders written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with categories.
High energy jets are observed both in hadronic machines like the Tevatron and electron machines like LEP. These jets have an extended structure in phase space which can be measured. This distribution is usually called the jet shape. There is an intrinsic relation between jet variables, like energy and direction, the jet algorithm used, and the jet shape. Jet shape differences can be used to separate quark and gluon jets.
Hadron Collider Physics 2002
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Author : Martin Erdmann
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003
Hadron Collider Physics 2002 written by Martin Erdmann and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Science categories.
I Opening Review on Hadron-Collider Physics.- Hadron Colliders, the Standard Model, and Beyond.- 1 What is the Standard Model?.- 2 Hadron Colliders and the Standard Model.- 2.1 Precision electroweak.- 2.2 CKM.- 2.3 Top quark.- 2.4 Higgs boson.- 2.5 QCD.- 3 Beyond the Standard Model.- 3.1 Direct evidence.- 3.2 Indirect evidence.- References.- II Status of the Accelerators and Detectors.- Tevatron Collider Run II Status.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Overview.- 3 Run II Milestones.- 4 Parameters.- 5 Performance to Date.- 6 Accomplishments.- 6.1 Accomplishments: Helix Adjustments.- 6.2 Accomplishments: Antiproton Emittance.- 6.3 Accomplishments: Tevatron Injection Closure.- 7 Outstanding Issues.- 8 Future Prospects.- 9 Reliability.- 10 Summary.- 11 Acknowledgements.- Status of CDF II and Prospects for Run II.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The CDF II Detector and Trigger Upgrades.- 3 Physics Results and Prospects.- 4 Conclusions.- References.- Status of the D Detector.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Overview.- 3 Silicon Vertex Detector.- 4 Central Fiber Tracker.- 5 Calorimeters.- 6 Muon Detectors.- 7 Forward Proton Detectors.- 8 Trigger and Data Acquisition.- 9 Conclusions.- References.- III Standard Model Processes: Parton Luminosities, QCD Evolution.- The Proton Structure as Measured at HERA.- 1 Introduction.- 2 NC Cross Sections in the Complete Kinematic Plane.- 3 High-Q2 Measurements.- 4 Charged Current Measurements.- 5 Summary and Outlook.- References.- Global Fits of Parton Distributions.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Parton Uncertainties.- 2.1 Hessian (Error Matrix) approach.- 2.2 Offset method.- 2.3 Statistical approach.- 2.4 Lagrange multiplier method.- 2.5 Results.- 3 Theoretical Errors.- 3.1 Problems in the fit.- 3.2 Types of Theoretical Error, NNLO.- 3.3 Empirical approach.- 4 Conclusions.- References.- Low x Physics at HERA.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Formalism and Theory.- 3 Results.- 3.1 Inclusive measurements.- 3.2 Exclusive results.- 4 Summary.- References.- Saturation Effects in Hadronic Cross Sections.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Loop-Loop Correlation Model.- 3 Saturation in Proton-Proton Scattering.- 4 Gluon Saturation.- 5 Conclusion.- References.- IV Standard Model Processes: QCD at High pt.- Progress in NNLO Calculations for Scattering Processes.- 1 Why NNLO Calculations are Important.- 1.1 Renormalisation scale uncertainty.- 1.2 Factorisation scale dependence.- 1.3 Jet algorithms.- 1.4 Transverse momentum of the incoming partons.- 1.5 Power corrections.- 1.6 The shape of the prediction.- 1.7 Parton densities at NNLO.- 2 Recent Progress in the Field.- 3 What Remains to be Done.- References.- Heavy Flavour Production at D .- 1 Introduction.- 2 b-production Cross-section.- 2.1 Muon and Jet Cross-section.- 2.2 b-tagging.- 3 J/? Cross-section.- 4 Other Measurements.- References.- Heavy Quark Production at CDF.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Beauty Production at CDF.- 2.1 CDF Run I results.- 2.2 Preliminary results from CDF Run II.- 3 Quarkonia Production at CDF.- 4 Charm Production at CDF.- 4.1 Run I results.- 4.2 Run II charm production cross-sections.- 5 Conclusion.- References.- Heavy Quark Production at HERA.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Open Charm Production.- 3 Charmonium.- 4 Beauty Production.- 5 Summary.- References.- Theoretical Developments on Hard QCD Processes at Colliders.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Heavy Quarks.- 2.1 Total Cross Sections.- 2.2 Transverse Momentum Distributions.- 2.3 Top Quark Spin Correlations.- 3 Jets.- 3.1 Jet Definitions.- 3.2 Precision Jet Physics.- 3.3 Multiparton Processes.- 4 Photons and Massive Gauge Bosons.- 4.1 Isolated Photons.- 4.2 Photon Pairs.- 4.3 Vector Boson and Higgs Production.- 4.4 Transverse Momentum Distributions.- 5 Conclusions and Outlook.- References.- Jet Production at CDF.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Inclusive Jet Production.- 3 Three-jet Production.- 4 Study of Jet Shapes in Run 2.- 5 Study of the Underlying Event.- 6 Study of W+Njet Production.- References.- Jet Algorithms at D .- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Measurement of Jets.- 3 Run I Co
Jet Production At Hadron Colliders
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Author : Teppo Tapani Jouttenus
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Jet Production At Hadron Colliders written by Teppo Tapani Jouttenus and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Hadronic jets feature in many final states of interest in modern collider experiments. They form a significant Standard Model background for many proposed new physics processes and also probe QCD interactions at several different scales. At high energies incoming protons produce beam jets. Correctly accounting for the beam and central jets is critical to precise understanding of hadronic final states at the Large Hadron Collider. We study jet cross sections as a function of the shape of both beam and central jets. This work focuses on measuring jet mass but our methods can be applied to other jet shape variables as well. Measuring jet mass introduces additional scales to the collision process and these scales produce large logarithms that need to be resummed. Factorizing the cross section into hard, jet, beam, and soft functions enables such resummation. We begin by studying jet production at e + e- collisions in order to focus on the effects of jet algorithms. These results can be carried over to the more complicated case of hadron collisions. We use the Sterman-Weinberg algorithm as a specific example and derive an expression for the quark jet function. Turning to hadron colliders, we show how the N-jettiness event shape divides phase space into N +2 regions, each containing one central or beam jet. Thus, N-jettiness works as a jet algorithm. Using a geometric measure gives central jets with circular boundaries. We then give a factorization theorem for the cross section fully differential in the mass of each jet, and compute the corresponding soft function at next-to-leading order (NLO). We use a method of hemisphere decomposition, which can also be applied to calculate N-jet soft functions defined with other jet algorithms. Our calculation of the N-jettiness soft function provides the final missing ingredient to extend NLO cross sections to resunmmed predictions at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic order. We study the production of an exclusive jet together with a Standard Model Higgs boson. Based on theoretical reasons and agreement between our calculation and data from the ATLAS collaboration, we argue that our results for the jet mass spectrum are a good approximation also for inclusive jet production and other hard processes.
Jets In Hadron Colliders At Order Alpha Sub S 3
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Jets In Hadron Colliders At Order Alpha Sub S 3 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with categories.
Recent results from the study of hadronic jets in hadron-hadron collisions at order a{sub s}3 in perturbation theory are presented. The numerical results are in good agreement with data and this agreement is illustrated where possible.
Jets In Hadron Colliders At Order Alpha Sub S Sup 3
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Jets In Hadron Colliders At Order Alpha Sub S Sup 3 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with categories.
Recent results from the study of hadronic jets in hadron-hadron collisions at order a{sub s}3 in perturbation theory are presented. The numerical results are in good agreement with data and this agreement is illustrated where possible.
Photon Structure And The Production Of Jets Hadrons And Prompt Photons
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Photon Structure And The Production Of Jets Hadrons And Prompt Photons written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
We give a pedagogical introduction to hard photoproduction processes at HERA, including the production of jets, hadrons, and prompt photons. Recent theoretical developments in the three areas are reviewed. In summary, hard photoproduction processes can provide very useful information on the hadronic structure of the photon, in particular on the gluon density, which is complimentary to the information coming from deep inelastic photon-photon scattering at electron-positron colliders. Among the different hadronic final states, jets are most easily accessible experimentally and phenomenologically. On the other hand, inclusive hadron production offers the possibility to test the universality of hadron fragmentation functions and measure the photon structure down to very low values of p{sub T} and x{sub {gamma}}. Prompt photon production suffers from a reduced cross section and limited data, but allows for the additional testing of photon fragmentation functions.
Singular Behavior Of Jet Substructure Observables
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Singular Behavior Of Jet Substructure Observables written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Jet substructure observables play a central role at the Large Hadron Collider for identifying the boosted hadronic decay products of electroweak scale resonances. The complete description of these observables requires understanding both the limit in which hard substructure is resolved, as well as the limit of a jet with a single hard core. In this paper we study in detail the perturbative structure of two prominent jet substructure observables, N-subjettiness and the energy correlation functions, as measured on background QCD jets. In particular, we focus on the distinction between the limits in which two-prong structure is resolved or unresolved. Depending on the choice of subjet axes, we demonstrate that at fixed order, N-subjettiness can manifest myriad behaviors in the unresolved region: smooth tails, end-point singularities, or singularities in the physical region. The energy correlation functions, by contrast, only have non-singular perturbative tails extending to the end point. We discuss the effect of hadronization on the various observables with Monte Carlo simulation and demonstrate that the modeling of these effects with non-perturbative shape functions is highly dependent on the N-subjettiness axes definitions. Lastly, our study illustrates those regions of phase space that must be controlled for high-precision jet substructure calculations, and emphasizes how such calculations can be facilitated by designing substructure observables with simple singular structures.