The Synthesis And Characterization Of Functionalized Nanothreads
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The Synthesis And Characterization Of Functionalized Nanothreads
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Author : Daniel Brian Koeplinger
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
The Synthesis And Characterization Of Functionalized Nanothreads written by Daniel Brian Koeplinger and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Carbon nanothreads are a relatively new type of carbon material which has an sp3 structure similar to diamond, but extends in only one dimension. The predicted properties of nanothreads are extraordinary, rivaling other recent carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene in both strength and stiffness. Nanothreads are synthesized experimentally by slow compression of benzene to about 20 GPa, followed by slow decompression, resulting in a crystalline product in which the polymer is arranged into a hexagonally close-packed structure. The material can be identified via its characteristic six-fold diffraction pattern, as well as its Raman and IR spectra.In addition to nanothreads produced from benzene, several new types of nanothreads have also been synthesized from other precursors, such as pyridine and aniline. In Chapter 2.1 of this work, experiments involving the compression-induced polymerization of three additional aromatic molecules are described. Toluene produced the most promising results, yielding a transparent amorphous solid which has similar IR and Raman spectra to those of previous nanothreads. Nanothread syntheses were also attempted using benzoic acid and hexabromobenzene as precursors, but no significant reaction was seen for either material.Nanothread structure is complex, and there are many structures of similar energy which are thermodynamically possible. In addition to the fully-saturated sp3 products from a Degree-6 polymerization, products which result from incomplete polymerization, including unsaturated Degree-4 and Degree-2 segments, are observed. Each of these structures has varying amounts of sp2 character. A series of experiments are described in Chapter 2.2 in which the ratio of sp2 to sp3 bonds in the nanothread product was measured via advanced solid-state NMR. These ratios were used to approximate the relative quantities of Degree-2, -4, and -6 structures for both benzene and pyridine nanothreads. NMR data was also used to constrain which isomers of each Degree might be found in experimentally-synthesized nanothreads. When nanothreads are formed under pressure, they produce crystals of close-packed fibers. These fibers are bound together primarily by Van-der-Waals forces, and application of mechanical force could theoretically exfoliate individual threads from the bulk. In Chapter 3, exfoliation experiments are described in which three separate methods attempted to separate individual threads from the bulk: applying shearing forces by twisting samples between two planes, peeling fibers away from the bulk using tape adhesive, and crushing the nanothread crystals with the tip of a diamond. Samples from each of these methods were examined by atomic force microscopy. Identification of individual fibers separated from the bulk nanothread crystal proved problematic because of the small radii of nanothreads, particularly when compared to the resolution of techniques used to characterize nanothreads in the bulk. As a result of these limitations, the only way to prove that a fiber was a nanothread would be to find a thread still partially attached to the bulk. No partially-attached fibers were observed by AFM using the three preparation methods listed above, but the possibility of identifying such a feature in the future was not excluded.
Functionalized Nanofibers
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Author : Kalim Deshmukh
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2023-04-19
Functionalized Nanofibers written by Kalim Deshmukh and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Functionalized Nanofibers: Synthesis and Industrial Applications presents the latest advances in the fabrication, design, processing, and properties of functionalized nanofibers for a range of advanced applications. Sections introduce fabrication, mechanisms, and design of functionalized nanofibers, explaining electrospinning and non-electrospinning techniques, optimization of structural designs, surface functionalization techniques, and characterization methods. Subsequent sections focus on specific application areas, highlighting preparation methods and applications of functionalized nanofibers across biomedicine, surfaces and coatings, food, environment, energy, electronics, and textiles. Finally, environmental impact and safety and legal aspects related to the utilization of functionalized nanofibers are considered. This is a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students with an interest in nanomaterials and nanotechnology, and across other disciplines such as polymer science, chemistry, chemical engineering, and materials science and engineering. Integrates discussions of physics, chemistry, biology and materials science behind functionalized nanofibers Opens the door to a range of applications across biomedicine, surfaces and coatings, food, environment, energy, electronics and textiles Analyzes challenges and opportunities relating to environmental, health and safety issues
Synthesis And Characterization Of Functionalized Bio Molecular Surfaces With Self Assembled Monolayers And Bioreactive Ligands For Nano
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Synthesis And Characterization Of Functionalized Bio Molecular Surfaces With Self Assembled Monolayers And Bioreactive Ligands For Nano written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
In this work, the synthesis and characterization of functionalized biosurfaces that can be used for bioseparations and bio-nanotechnology are reported. A novel protein purification technique that incorporates chelating ligands and polymers onto the same chromatographic matrix is explored. A polysaccharide based gel, agarose, was modified systematically with hybrid ligands of the chelator iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and the polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG). The PEG molecule acts as a blocking polymer that can allow only small proteins to permeate onto the matrix surfaces and form conventional immobilized metal ion affinity chromatographic (IMAC) interactions with the chelators. Kinetic studies of chelator and polymer attachment were performed in order to effectively control the chelator and polymer densities on the matrix. Studies with different PEG surface densities and their effects on the adsorption of several proteins (e.g. myoglobin, lysozyme and bovine serum albumin (BSA)) were evaluated to characterize these new hybrid size exclusion IMAC (SEIMAC) matrices. An exclusion effect was observed while adsorption as observed in IMAC systems took place. Functionalization schemes and procedures were extended in the activation and incorporation of affinity ligands on inorganic surfaces such as gold surfaces. Functional gold platforms were explored for development of nano-interconnects via functionalized self assembled monolayers (FSAMs) on gold to attach specific affinity ligands as linkers to immobilize biomolecules, such as microtubules (MTs). MTs eventually could be utilized as self assembling structures and templates for fabrication of nano-scale bio-interconnect arrays and networks. In this work, different organothiols were used to form FSAMs and anti-glutathione S-transferase was attached as a linker to utilize the attachment of MT cap proteins, gamma-tubulin. The gamma-tubulin could recognize specifically a heterodimer of the MTs and can provide a nucleation center for MT growth. Several methodologies were employed including photolithographic methods and the use of photoreactive compounds for proper micro/nano scale dual protein functionalization of surfaces with homogeneous affinity ligands and with heterogeneous ligands as well.
Functionalized Nanomaterials
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Author : Vineet Kumar
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2021-07-28
Functionalized Nanomaterials written by Vineet Kumar and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Nanomaterials contain some unique properties due to their nanometric size and surface functionalization. Nanomaterial functionalization also affects their compatibility to biocompatibility and toxicity behaviors. environment and living organism. This makes functionalized nanomaterials a material with huge scope and few challenges. This book provides detailed information about the nanomaterial functionalization and their application. Recent advancements, challenges and opportunities in the preparation and applications of functionalized nanomaterials are also highlighted. This book can serve as a reference book for scientific investigators, doctoral and post-doctoral scholars; undergrad and grad. This book is very useful for multidisciplinary researchers, industry personnel’s, journalists, and policy makers. Features: Covers all aspects of Nanomaterial functionalization and its applications Describes and methods of functionalized nanomaterials synthesis for different applications Discusses the challenges, recent findings, and cutting-edge global research trends on functionalization of nanomaterials and its applications It discusses the regulatory frameworks for the safe use of functionalized nanomaterials. It contains contributions from international experts from multiple disciplines.
Design Synthesis And Characterization Of Functionalized Nanoparticles For Biomedical Applications And Energy Harvesting
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Author :
language : es
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Design Synthesis And Characterization Of Functionalized Nanoparticles For Biomedical Applications And Energy Harvesting written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Toward The Rational Design Of Multifunctional Nanomaterials
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Author : Yang Cai
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Toward The Rational Design Of Multifunctional Nanomaterials written by Yang Cai and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Coordination polymers categories.
Metal-organic frameworks (or coordination polymers) are a recently-identified class of porous polymeric materials, consisting of metal ions or clusters linked together by organic bridging ligands. The major advantage of MOFs over other traditional materials, such as zeolites or activated carbons, is that their synthesis methods have provided an extensive class of crystalline materials with high stability, tunable metrics, and organic functionality. The ability to modify the physical environment of the pores and cavities within MOFs allow tuning of the interactions with guest species, and serves as a route to tailor the chemical stability and/or reactivity of the frameworks for specific applications. The classical way to incorporate functional groups into a MOF is the modification of the organic precursor with specific substituents before synthesizing the MOF itself; we call this approach pre-functionalization method. Functionalization of organic precursors is the initial and necessary step to obtaining functionalized isostructural MOFs and also provides the possibility for the post-synthetic modification of MOFs. However, in some cases, the functional groups may interfere with MOF synthesis and alter the topology of desired MOF. The goal of this proposed research is to explore the possibilities of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as novel porous structures, to study the effect of functional groups on the topologies and adsorption behavior of MOFs, and to understand how the synthesis conditions affect the phase purity and the in-situ reaction of ligands.
Functionalized Nanomaterials
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Author : Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2016-12-28
Functionalized Nanomaterials written by Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-28 with Science categories.
Generally the nanometer scale covers from 1 to 100 nm while discussing the nanomaterials. Nanomaterials have very high potency and emerge with large applications piercing through all the discipline of knowledge, leading to industrial and technological growth. Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary science that has its roots in fields such as colloidal science, device physics, and biomedical and supramolecular chemistry. The main objective of the book is to cover maximum areas focusing on synthesis, characterization with various microscopic techniques, and multiple applications. This book is divided into two sections with Non-carbon Compounds and Carbon Compounds. The synthesis, characterization, and applications of metal, metal oxides, and metal hydroxide nanoparticles are covered in the section Non-carbon Compounds, while the section Carbon Compounds focuses on the carbon nanotubes, graphite oxide, graphene oxide, etc.
Functionalized Nanomaterials Ii
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Author : Vineet Kumar
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2021-04-06
Functionalized Nanomaterials Ii written by Vineet Kumar and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The functionalization of nanomaterials provides them with some unique properties, making the same nanomaterial amenable for various applications by simply manipulating functional components. However, functionalized nanomaterials also face some challenges, along with some encouraging new applications in the future. This book provides a detailed account of applications of the functionalization of nanomaterials. This book can serve as a reference book for scientific investigators, including doctoral and post-doctoral scholars and undergraduate and graduate students, in context with the scope of applications of functionalized nanomaterials. It also highlights recent advances, challenges, and opportunities in the application of nanomaterials. This book will provide critical and comparative data for nanotechnologists. It may also be beneficial for multidisciplinary researchers, industry personnel, journalists, policy makers, and the common public to understand the scope of functionalized nanomaterials in detail and in depth. Features: This book covers various applications of functionalized nanomaterials. It discusses recent global research trends and future applications of functionalized nanomaterials. It highlights the need for more rigorous regulatory frameworks for the safe use of functionalized nanomaterials. It contains contributions from international experts and will be a valuable resource for researchers.
Functionalized Nanomaterials
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Author : Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Functionalized Nanomaterials written by Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Physics categories.
Generally the nanometer scale covers from 1 to 100 nm while discussing the nanomaterials. Nanomaterials have very high potency and emerge with large applications piercing through all the discipline of knowledge, leading to industrial and technological growth. Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary science that has its roots in fields such as colloidal science, device physics, and biomedical and supramolecular chemistry. The main objective of the book is to cover maximum areas focusing on synthesis, characterization with various microscopic techniques, and multiple applications. This book is divided into two sections with Non-carbon Compounds and Carbon Compounds. The synthesis, characterization, and applications of metal, metal oxides, and metal hydroxide nanoparticles are covered in the section Non-carbon Compounds, while the section Carbon Compounds focuses on the carbon nanotubes, graphite oxide, graphene oxide, etc.
Synthesis And Characterization Of Nanoparticle Assemblies For Electronic Applications
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Synthesis And Characterization Of Nanoparticle Assemblies For Electronic Applications written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
While significant effort has been made to synthesize molecular wires for electronic applications, the ability to insert these molecules between two metallic contacts with directional control has yet to be demonstrated. Control over molecular orientation is critical to the development of molecular devices such as diodes, capacitors and transistors. In this study, directional control is achieved using orthogonal self-assembly to synthesize electronic junctions between nanoparticles of different compositions. Phenyl ethynylene oligomers were synthesized with different end groups. One molecule was functionalized with a thiol which exhibits preferential binding to gold and an isocyanide which exhibits preferential binding to platinum. The other was functionalized with a thiol for binding to gold and a carboxylic acid which exhibits preferential binding to metal oxides. One of the major challenges of this work was the synthesis of nanoparticle building blocks that were suitable for the formation of these heterodimeric structures. Metal and metal oxide particles were synthesized with capping ligands that provided stability yet did not sterically hinder heterodimer formation. Once appropriate nanoparticles had been identified, preliminary studies indicated heterodimer formation. However, characterizing these structures presented additional challenges. Several characterization techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), several types of electrophoresis and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), were evaluated for their ability to characterize these structures with statistical accuracy. While all of these techniques did indicate the presence of dimers or larger aggregates in solution, accurate statistical information was not obtained using any single method.