The Usage Of Genomic Selection Strategy In Plant Breeding
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The Usage Of Genomic Selection Strategy In Plant Breeding
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Author : Mohd Shamshad
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
The Usage Of Genomic Selection Strategy In Plant Breeding written by Mohd Shamshad and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Medicine categories.
Major paradigm shift in plant breeding since the availability of molecular marker technology is that mapping and characterizing the genetic loci that control a trait will lead to improved breeding. Often, one of the rationales for cloning of QTL is to develop the "perfect marker" for MAS, perhaps based on a functional polymorphism. In contrast, an advantage of genomic selection is precisely its black box approach to exploiting genotyping technology to expedite genetic progress. This is an advantage in our view because it does not rely on a "breeding by design" engineering approach to cultivar development requiring knowledge of biological function before the creation of phenotypes. Breeders can therefore use genomic selection without the large upfront cost of obtaining that knowledge. In addition, genomic selection can maintain the creative nature of phenotypic selection which couple's random mutation and recombination to sometimes arrive at solutions outside the engineer's scope. Currently, the lion's share of research on genomic selection has been performed in livestock breeding, where effective population size, extent of LD, breeding objectives, experimental design, and other characteristics of populations and breeding programs are quite different from those of crop species. Nevertheless, a great number of findings within this literature are very illuminating for genomic selection in crops and should be studied and built upon by crop geneticists and breeders. The application of powerful, relatively new statistical methods to the problem of high dimensional marker data for genomic selection has been nearly as important to the development of genomic selection as the creation of high-density marker platforms and greater computing power. The methods can be classified by what type of genetic architecture they try to capture.
Genomic Selection For Crop Improvement
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Author : Rajeev K. Varshney
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-12-05
Genomic Selection For Crop Improvement written by Rajeev K. Varshney and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Genomic Selection for Crop Improvement serves as handbook for users by providing basic as well as advanced understandings of genomic selection. This useful review explains germplasm use, phenotyping evaluation, marker genotyping methods, and statistical models involved in genomic selection. It also includes examples of ongoing activities of genomic selection for crop improvement and efforts initiated to deploy the genomic selection in some important crops. In order to understand the potential of GS breeding, it is high time to bring complete information in the form of a book that can serve as a ready reference for geneticist and plant breeders.
Genomic Selection In Plants
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Author : Ani A. Elias
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-08-18
Genomic Selection In Plants written by Ani A. Elias and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-18 with Science categories.
Genomic selection (GS) is a promising tool in the field of breeding especially in the era where genomic data is becoming cheaper. The potential of this tool has not been realized due to its limited adaptation in various crops. Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) has been the method of choice for plant breeders while using the genomic information in the breeding pipeline. MAS, however, fails to capture vital minor gene effects while focusing only on the major genes, which is not ideal for breeding advancement especially for quantitative traits such as yield. The main aim of statistical methodologies coming under the umbrella of GS on using the whole genome information is to predict potential candidates for breeding advancement while optimizing the use of resources such as land, manpower, and most importantly time. Lack of proper understanding of the methods and their applications is one of the reasons why breeders shy away from this tool. The book is meant for biologists, especially breeders, and provides a comprehensive idea of the statistical methodologies used in GS, guidance on the choice of models, and design of datasets. The book also encourages the readers to adopt GS by demonstrating the current scenarios of these models in some of the important crops among oilseeds, vegetables, legumes, tuber crops, and cereals. For ease of implementation of GS, the book also provides hands-on scripts on GS data design and modeling in a popular open-source statistical program. Additionally, prospective in GS model development and thereby enhancement in crop improvement programs is discussed.
Integrating Genomic Selection And Genome Editing Strategies To Accelerate Potato Breeding
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Author : Felix Eugenio Enciso Rodriguez
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Integrating Genomic Selection And Genome Editing Strategies To Accelerate Potato Breeding written by Felix Eugenio Enciso Rodriguez and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Electronic dissertations categories.
As a staple food, the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plays an important role in human nutrition and it is currently the third most important food crop after rice and wheat. However, the potato crop faces high production losses caused mainly by biotic factors. With the advent of cutting-edge technologies suitable for potatoes, there is an increasing possibility to accelerate genetic progress and variety generation. To contribute to the implementation of genomic strategies to accelerate potato breeding, three different approaches were used. First, whole genome regressions were conducted using additive and dominant allele dosage models for late blight and common scab resistance in tetraploid potatoes. Multiple Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), contribute to late blight resistance, uncovering the introgression history for this trait whereas an unreported locus with a sizable contribution to common scab resistance was detected. Prediction accuracy assessments demonstrated that 90% of the genetic variance could be captured with an additive model, demonstrating the applicability of genomic prediction for tetraploid potato breeding. Second, a genome editing approach was implemented to breakdown the S-RNase -based self incompatibly in diploid potatoes. New S-RNase allelic variants, with flower-restricted expression, were identified in two self-incompatible (SI) diploid potatoes and mapped to chromosome I in a low recombination region. A dual single-guide RNA strategy was used to generate S-RNase knock-out lines producing premature stop codons on each targeted S-RNase allele. Self-compatibility was achieved in T0 knock-outs and stable transmitted to T1 lines. Additionally, Cas-9 free plants were also obtained. Plasticity in the self-compatible response was also observed in wild-type lines, presumably associated with non-stylar and environmental factors. Third, validation of the IPI-O4 -mediated suppression of the RB-based late blight resistance was conducted using in vivo and in vitro approaches. The hypersensitive response (HR) was confirmed when IPI-O1 was co-infiltrated with the RB gene from Solanum bulbocastanum using a heterologous system. However, HR was observed when IPI-O1 and IPI-O4 were infiltrated in transgenic potato lines carrying a synthetic RB gene containing a Coiled-Coil (CC) domain from S. pinnatisectum. Further work should be conducted to confirm this un-reported interaction. Similarly, we could not validate CC-dimerization using yeast-two hybrid assays and therefore more extensive experiments should be conducted to confirm this result. Ultimately, these genomic approaches open a new window to accelerate the generation of new potato varieties. Genomic selection strategies along with targeted mutagenesis will expand the boundaries of both approaches, reducing the potato breeding cycle considerably while maintaining genetic diversity, and providing access to genomic regions with low or null recombination in potatoes.
Genomic Selection Lessons Learned And Perspectives
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Author : Johannes W. R. Martini
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-09-15
Genomic Selection Lessons Learned And Perspectives written by Johannes W. R. Martini and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-15 with Science categories.
Genomic selection (GS) has been the most prominent topic in breeding science in the last two decades. The continued interest is promoted by its huge potential impact on the efficiency of breeding. Predicting a breeding value based on molecular markers and phenotypic values of relatives may be used to manipulate three parameters of the breeder's equation. First, the accuracy of the selection may be improved by predicting the genetic value more reliably when considering the records of relatives and the realized genomic relationship. Secondly, genotyping and predicting may be more cost effective than comprehensive phenotyping. Resources can instead be allocated to increasing population sizes and selection intensity. The third, probably most important factor, is time. As shown in dairy cattle breeding, reducing cycle time by crossing selection candidates earlier may have the strongest impact on selection gain. Many different prediction models have been used, and different ways of using predicted values in a breeding program have been explored. We would like to address the questions: i. How did GS change breeding schemes of different crops in the last 20 years? ii. What was the impact on realized selection gain? iii. What would be the best structure of a crop-specific breeding scheme to exploit the full potential of GS? iv. What is the potential of hybrid prediction, epistasis effect models, deep learning methods and other extensions of the standard prediction of additive effects? v. What are the long-term effects of GS? vi. Can predictive breeding approaches also be used to harness genetic resources from germplasm banks in a more efficient way to adapt current germplasm to new environmental challenges? This Research Topic welcomes submissions of Original Research papers, Opinions, Perspectives, Reviews, and Mini-Reviews related to these themes: 1. Genomic selection: statistical methodology 2. The (optimal) use of GS in breeding schemes 3. Practical experiences with GS (selection gain, long-term effects, negative side effects) 4. Predictive approaches to harness genetic resources Concerning point 1): If an original research paper compares different methods empirically without theoretical considerations on when one or the other method should be better, the methods should be compared with at least five different data sets. The data sets should differ either in crop, genotyping method or its source, for instance from a breeding program or gene bank accessions. Concerning point 2): Manuscripts addressing the use of GS in breeding schemes should illustrate breeding schemes that are run in practice. General ideas about schemes that may be run in the future may be considered as 'Perspective' articles. Conflict of Interest statements: - Topic Editor Valentin Wimmer is affiliated to KWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, Germany. - Topic Editor Brian Gardunia is affiliated to Bayer Crop Sciences and has a collaboration with AbacusBio, and is an author on patents with Bayer Crop Sciences. The other Topic Editors did not disclose any conflicts of interest. Image credit: CIMMYT, reproduced under the CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 license
Genomic Selection
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Author : Gizachew Haile Gidamo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Genomic Selection written by Gizachew Haile Gidamo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Electronic books categories.
Many agronomic traits, such as grain yield, are controlled by polygenes with minor effects and epistatic interaction. Genomic selection (GS) uses genome-wide markers to predict a genomic estimate of breeding value (GEBV) that is used to select favorable individuals. GS involves three essential steps: prediction model training, prediction of breeding value, and selection of favorable individual based on the predicted GEBV. Prediction accuracies were evaluated using either correlation between GEBV (predicted) and empirically estimated (observed) value or cross-validation technique. Factors such as marker diversity and density, size and composition of training population, number of QTL, and heritability affect GS accuracies. GS has got potential applications in hybrid breeding, germplasm enhancement, and yield-related breeding programs. Therefore, GS is promising strategy for rapid improvement of genetic gain per unit time for quantitative traits with low heritability in breeding programs.
Advances In Wheat Genetics From Genome To Field
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Author : Yasunari Ogihara
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-09-15
Advances In Wheat Genetics From Genome To Field written by Yasunari Ogihara and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-15 with Science categories.
This proceedings is a collection of 46 selected papers that were presented at the 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium (IWGS). Since the launch of the wheat genome sequencing project in 2005, the arrival of draft genome sequences has marked a new era in wheat genetics and genomics, catalyzing rapid advancement in the field. This book provides a comprehensive review of the forefront of wheat research, across various important topics such as germplasm and genetic diversity, cytogenetics and allopolyploid evolution, genome sequencing, structural and functional genomics, gene function and molecular biology, biotic stress, abiotic stress, grain quality, and classical and molecular breeding. Following an introduction, 9 parts of the book are dedicated to each of these topics. A final, 11th part entitled “Toward Sustainable Wheat Production” contains 7 excellent papers that were presented in the 12th IWGS Special Session supported by the OECD. With rapid population growth and radical climate changes, the world faces a global food crisis and is in need of another Green Revolution to boost yields of wheat and other widely grown staple crops. Although this book focuses on wheat, many of the newly developed techniques and results presented here can be applied to other plant species with large and complex genomes. As such, this volume is highly recommended for all students and researchers in wheat sciences and related plant sciences and for those who are interested in stable food production and food security.
Quantitative Approaches To Plant Breeding Concepts Strategies And Practical Applications
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Author : Suchismita Mondal
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-08-31
Quantitative Approaches To Plant Breeding Concepts Strategies And Practical Applications written by Suchismita Mondal and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-31 with Science categories.
Handbook Of Near Infrared Analysis
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Author : Emil W. Ciurczak
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2021-05-20
Handbook Of Near Infrared Analysis written by Emil W. Ciurczak and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-20 with Science categories.
Rapid, inexpensive, and easy-to-deploy, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy can be used to analyze samples of virtually any composition, origin, and condition. The Handbook of Near Infrared Analysis, Fourth Edition, explores the factors necessary to perform accurate and time- and cost-effective analyses across a growing spectrum of disciplines. This updated and expanded edition incorporates the latest advances in instrumentation, computerization, chemometrics applied to NIR spectroscopy, and method development in NIR spectroscopy, and underscores current trends in sample preparation, calibration transfer, process control, data analysis, instrument performance testing, and commercial NIR instrumentation. This work offers readers an unparalleled combination of theoretical foundations, cutting-edge applications, and practical experience. Additional features include the following: Explains how to perform accurate as well as time- and cost-effective analyses. Reviews software-enabled chemometric methods and other trends in data analysis. Highlights novel applications in pharmaceuticals, polymers, plastics, petrochemicals, textiles, foods and beverages, baked products, agricultural products, biomedicine, nutraceuticals, and counterfeit detection. Underscores current trends in sample preparation, calibration transfer, process control, data analysis, and multiple aspects of commercial NIR instrumentation. Offering the most complete single-source guide of its kind, the Handbook of Near Infrared Analysis, Fourth Edition, continues to offer practicing chemists and spectroscopists an unparalleled combination of theoretical foundations, cutting-edge applications, and detailed practical experience provided firsthand by more than 50 experts in the field.
Quantitative Genetics And Selection In Plant Breeding
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Author : Günter Wricke
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2010-10-06
Quantitative Genetics And Selection In Plant Breeding written by Günter Wricke and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-06 with Science categories.
Quantitative Genetics and Selection in Plant Breeding.