The World Of The Axial Sages
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The World Of The Axial Sages
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Author : John C. Stephens
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2020-11-25
The World Of The Axial Sages written by John C. Stephens and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-25 with Religion categories.
This book presents an engaging analysis of the global spiritual changes of the first millennium BCE. Between the sixth and fourth centuries BCE, several new, revolutionary religious and philosophic movements were born throughout the world. Rather than using the well-known label “Axial Age” to refer to this time of religious change, the book argues that a better choice would be the “Age of Awakening”, since it places more emphasis upon the personal, internal dimension of religious experience lying at the core of these developments. Earthshattering spiritual encounters with the sacred led the prophets and sages of the Age of Awakening to redirect people’s attention away from the stagnant traditions of the past towards new forms of dynamic spirituality. The era saw the emergence of a variety of innovative spiritual pathways in both the eastern and western worlds. In classical Greece, Pythagoras and Plato proposed new spiritual and intellectual alternatives to the outdated religious myths and rituals of the polis. The Middle East also played a significant role in the spiritual revolution of the first millennium BCE. As early as the sixth century BCE, the Persian prophet Zoroaster’s revelatory visions about the Truth and the Lie led to the birth of a new religious movement known as Zoroastrianism. At the time of the Babylonian Exile, ancient Judaism underwent a process of radical spiritual renewal largely due to the inspired teachings of the Hebrew prophets. In India, the writers of the Upanishads provided a spiritual reinterpretation of many of the old Vedic myths and rituals. Sages including the Buddha and Mahavira rejected the old sacrificial system of the brahmins and asserted that liberation from the cycle of birth and death could only be found through the practice of asceticism and a general withdrawal from the illusory material world. As such, this book highlights the importance of the de-stabilizing influences of religious experience for understanding the revolutionary spiritual developments of the first millennium BCE.
The Great Transformation
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Author : Karen Armstrong
language : en
Publisher: Vintage Canada
Release Date : 2009-02-24
The Great Transformation written by Karen Armstrong and has been published by Vintage Canada this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-24 with Religion categories.
From one of the world’s leading writers on religion and the highly acclaimed author of the bestselling A History of God, The Battle for God and The Spiral Staircase, comes a major new work: a chronicle of one of the most important intellectual revolutions in world history and its relevance to our own time. In one astonishing, short period – the ninth century BCE – the peoples of four distinct regions of the civilized world created the religious and philosophical traditions that have continued to nourish humanity into the present day: Confucianism and Daoism in China; Hinduism and Buddhism in India; monotheism in Israel; and philosophical rationalism in Greece. Historians call this the Axial Age because of its central importance to humanity’s spiritual development. Now, Karen Armstrong traces the rise and development of this transformative moment in history, examining the brilliant contributions to these traditions made by such figures as the Buddha, Socrates, Confucius and Ezekiel. Armstrong makes clear that despite some differences of emphasis, there was remarkable consensus among these religions and philosophies: each insisted on the primacy of compassion over hatred and violence. She illuminates what this “family” resemblance reveals about the religious impulse and quest of humankind. And she goes beyond spiritual archaeology, delving into the ways in which these Axial Age beliefs can present an instructive and thought-provoking challenge to the ways we think about and practice religion today. A revelation of humankind’s early shared imperatives, yearnings and inspired solutions – as salutary as it is fascinating. Excerpt from The Great Transformation: In our global world, we can no longer afford a parochial or exclusive vision. We must learn to live and behave as though people in remote parts of the globe were as important as ourselves. The sages of the Axial Age did not create their compassionate ethic in idyllic circumstances. Each tradition developed in societies like our own that were torn apart by violence and warfare as never before; indeed, the first catalyst of religious change was usually a visceral rejection of the aggression that the sages witnessed all around them. . . . All the great traditions that were created at this time are in agreement about the supreme importance of charity and benevolence, and this tells us something important about our humanity.
The Age Of The Sages
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Author : Mark W. Muesse
language : en
Publisher: Fortress Press
Release Date : 2013-08-01
The Age Of The Sages written by Mark W. Muesse and has been published by Fortress Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-01 with Philosophy categories.
By setting traditions and thinkers such as Zoroaster, Jeremiah, Isaiah, Gautama Buddha, Confucius, Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle side by side, we are able to see more clearly the questions with which they struggled, their similarities and differences, and how their ideas have influenced religious thought down to our day.
The Great Transformation
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Author : Karen Armstrong
language : en
Publisher: Atlantic Books Ltd
Release Date : 2011-03-01
The Great Transformation written by Karen Armstrong and has been published by Atlantic Books Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-01 with Religion categories.
The centuries between 800 and 300 BC saw an explosion of new religious concepts. Their emergence is second only to man's harnessing of fire in fundamentally transforming our understanding of what it is to be human. But why did Socrates, Buddha, Confucius, Jeremiah, Lao Tzu and others all emerge in this five-hundred-year span? And why do they have such similar ideas about humanity?In The Great Transformation, Karen Armstrong examines this phenomenal period and the connections between this disparate group of philosophers, mystics and theologians.
Practicing Transcendence
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Author : Christopher Peet
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-06-05
Practicing Transcendence written by Christopher Peet and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-05 with Religion categories.
This book introduces readers to the concept of the Axial Age and its relevance for a world in crisis. Scholars have become increasingly interested in philosopher Karl Jaspers’ thesis that a spiritual revolution in consciousness during the first millennium BCE decisively shaped world history. Axial ideas of transcendence develop into ideologies for world religions and civilizations, in turn coalescing into a Eurasian world-system that spreads globally to become the foundation of our contemporary world. Alongside ideas and ideologies, the Axial Age also taught spiritual practices critically resisting the new scale of civilizational power: in small counter-cultural communities on the margins of society, they turn our conscious focus inward to transform ourselves and overcome the destructive potentials within human nature. Axial spiritualities offer humanity a practical wisdom, a profound psychology, and deep hope: to transform despair into resilience, helping us face with courage the ecological and political challenges confronting us today.
Axial Civilizations And World History
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Author : J©đhann P©Łll © rnason
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2005
Axial Civilizations And World History written by J©đhann P©Łll © rnason and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Religion categories.
A collection of essays by social theorists, historical sociologists and area specialists in classical, biblical and Asian studies. The contributions deal with cultural transformations in major civilizational centres during the "Axial Age," the middle centuries of the last millennium BCE, and their long-term consequences.
Convenient Myths
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Author : Iain William Provan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Convenient Myths written by Iain William Provan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Civilization categories.
A world rooted in undisturbed myths
The Origin And Goal Of History
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Author : Karl Jaspers
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-03-28
The Origin And Goal Of History written by Karl Jaspers and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-28 with Education categories.
Karl Jaspers (1883–1969) was a German psychiatrist and philosopher and one of the most original European thinkers of the twentieth century. As a major exponent of existentialism in Germany, he had a strong influence on modern theology, psychiatry and philosophy. He was Hannah Arendt’s supervisor before her emigration to the United States in the 1930s and himself experienced the consequences of Nazi persecution. He was removed from his position at the University of Heidelberg in 1937, due to his wife being Jewish. Published in 1949, the year in which the Federal Republic of Germany was founded, The Origin and Goal of History is a vitally important book. It is renowned for Jaspers' theory of an 'Axial Age', running from the 8th to the 3rd century BCE. Jaspers argues that this period witnessed a remarkable flowering of new ways of thinking that appeared in Persia, India, China and the Greco-Roman world, in striking parallel development but without any obvious direct cultural contact between them. Jaspers identifies key thinkers from this age, including Confucius, Buddha, Zarathustra, Homer and Plato, who had a profound influence on the trajectory of future philosophies and religions. For Jaspers, crucially, it is here that we see the flowering of diverse philosophical beliefs such as scepticism, materialism, sophism, nihilism, and debates about good and evil, which taken together demonstrate human beings' shared ability to engage with universal, humanistic questions as opposed to those mired in nationality or authoritarianism. At a deeper level, The Origin and Goal of History provides a crucial philosophical framework for the liberal renewal of German intellectual life after 1945, and indeed of European intellectual life more widely, as a shattered continent attempted to find answers to what had happened in the preceding years. This Routledge Classics edition includes a new Foreword by Christopher Thornhill.
The Tree Of World Religions Second Edition
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Author : John Bellaimey
language : en
Publisher: Front Edge Publishing
Release Date : 2018-02-18
The Tree Of World Religions Second Edition written by John Bellaimey and has been published by Front Edge Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-18 with Religion categories.
In this full color book, John Bellaimey explores twenty of the world’s religions from Hinduism to Rastafarianism, following Karen Armstrong’s developmental model of religion as a human cultural dimension. Beginning with a section on the roots of the “tree of world religions,” Bellaimey considers the sources, preoccupations, dimensions, and meanings of human religion in our history. He then surveys polytheistic religions like Maya, Norse, and Canaanite and the great shift Jaspers called the Axial Age. Axial sages like Socrates, Laozi, the Buddha, and the Hebrew Prophets moved religion from mostly-supernatural to mostly-humanistic, shifting the focus on God’s inscrutable Otherness to God’s increasing insistence on ethical behavior as the highest form of worship. A section on the three monotheistic faiths of Abraham follows, and the book ends with a selection of newer faiths, such as Sikh, Baha’i, Ahmadiyya, and Latter-Day Saints. First published in 2014 as a more permanent version of his 25-year high school world religions readings, the 2018 edition is completely revised with photographs from a year-long sabbatical journey to 22 countries during the 2016-2017 school year.
Between Three Worlds
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Author : John C. Stephens
language : en
Publisher: Wipf and Stock Publishers
Release Date : 2023-02-10
Between Three Worlds written by John C. Stephens and has been published by Wipf and Stock Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-10 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
This book explores the motif of the spiritual journey and its evolution in Western literature. A spiritual journey can be broadly defined as a search for the divine. Such a search can occur either internally as a psychological process or in some cases may involve an actual geographic journey. Spiritual journeys can be conducted by individuals or groups. In exploring this topic, various kinds of texts will be reviewed, including autobiographies, novels, and short stories, as well as myths, folktales, and mystical writings. The book classifies spiritual journey narratives into four categories: theological journeys, mystical journeys, mythopoetic journeys and allegorical journeys. Representative texts have been selected in the history of Western religious literature that illustrate the basic features of each of these four categories.
