Theory Of Mind And The Role Of Target Individuals Group Affiliation
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Theory Of Mind And The Role Of Target Individuals Group Affiliation
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Author : Frank Richard Batiste
language : en
Publisher: Vasundhara
Release Date : 2023-12-18
Theory Of Mind And The Role Of Target Individuals Group Affiliation written by Frank Richard Batiste and has been published by Vasundhara this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-18 with Body, Mind & Spirit categories.
Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to interpret the behavior of others in terms of underlying mental states such as beliefs, wants, desires (Premack and Woodruff, 1978). The simulation theory of ToM claims that an individual replicates, or mirrors, the assumed mental states of a target individual and processes them using his/her own. mental architecture--the same architecture that is used to make decisions based on one's own beliefs, desires, or thoughts. Thus, ToM may be considered as a form of empathy, a process where the perception of a target's state generates a state in the observer that is more applicable to the target's situation than to the subject's own prior situation (Preston and de Waal, 2002). The experience of emotional empathy is influenced by coalitional cues such as familiarity (Liew, Han, and Aziz-Zadeh, 2011), similarity (Xu, Zuo, Wang, and Han, 2009), and shared group membership (Avenanti, Sirigu, and Aglioti, 2010), as well as immediate situational cues such as the color of a target's tee shirt (Kurzban, Tooby, and Cosmides, 2001), or simply referring to a counterpart in a task as a partner or opponent (Burnham, McCabe, and Smith, 2000).
The Mit Encyclopedia Of The Cognitive Sciences Mitecs
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Author : Robert A. Wilson
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2001-09-04
The Mit Encyclopedia Of The Cognitive Sciences Mitecs written by Robert A. Wilson and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-09-04 with Psychology categories.
Since the 1970s the cognitive sciences have offered multidisciplinary ways of understanding the mind and cognition. The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (MITECS) is a landmark, comprehensive reference work that represents the methodological and theoretical diversity of this changing field. At the core of the encyclopedia are 471 concise entries, from Acquisition and Adaptationism to Wundt and X-bar Theory. Each article, written by a leading researcher in the field, provides an accessible introduction to an important concept in the cognitive sciences, as well as references or further readings. Six extended essays, which collectively serve as a roadmap to the articles, provide overviews of each of six major areas of cognitive science: Philosophy; Psychology; Neurosciences; Computational Intelligence; Linguistics and Language; and Culture, Cognition, and Evolution. For both students and researchers, MITECS will be an indispensable guide to the current state of the cognitive sciences.
Understanding Other Minds
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Author : Simon Baron-Cohen
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2013-08-22
Understanding Other Minds written by Simon Baron-Cohen and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-22 with Psychology categories.
This book comprises 26 exciting chapters by internationally renowned scholars, addressing the central psychological process separating humans from other animals: the ability to imagine the thoughts and feelings of others, and to reflect on the contents of our own mindsa theory of mind (ToM). The four sections of the book cover developmental, cultural, and neurobiological approaches to ToM across different populations and species. The chapters explore the earliest stages of development of ToM in infancy, and how plastic ToM learning is; why 3-year-olds typically fail false belief tasks and how ToM continues to develop beyond childhood into adulthood; the debate between simulation theory and theory theory; cross-cultural perspectives on ToM and how ToM develops differently in deaf children; how we use our ToM when we make moral judgments, and the link between emotional intelligence and ToM; the neural basis of ToM measured by evoked response potentials, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and studies of brain damage; emotional vs. cognitive empathy in neuropsychiatric conditions such as autism, schizophrenia, and psychopathy; the concept of self in autism and teaching methods targeting ToM deficits; the relationship between empathy, the pain matrix and the mirror neuron system; the role of oxytocin and fetal testosterone in mentalizing and empathy; the heritability of empathy and candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with empathy; and ToM in non-human primates. These 26 chapters represent a masterly overview of a field that has deepened since the first edition was published in 1993.
Best Of Five Mcqs For Mrcpsych Paper 2
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Author : Lena Palaniyappan
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2010
Best Of Five Mcqs For Mrcpsych Paper 2 written by Lena Palaniyappan and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Reflecting the new syllabus and new MRCPsych exam launched by the Royal College of Psychiatrists, this book contains more than 450 multiple choice questions covering Paper 2. Closely matched to the exam, these MCQs are supported by detailed explanatory answers and revision notes.
The Neuroscience Of Intergroup Relations
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Author : Pascal Molenberghs
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2022-02-28
The Neuroscience Of Intergroup Relations written by Pascal Molenberghs and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-28 with Psychology categories.
This path-breaking book is the first collection to provide a scientific global overview on the social neuroscience of intergroup relations, and the neural mechanisms that drive processes such as prejudice, racism and dehumanisation. Although intergroup behaviour has long been an important topic in psychology, attention to the underlying neural processes that influence it has often been neglected. If we truly want to understand the driving forces of social behaviours such as racism, bias and violence between groups, it is essential that we better understand the neuroscience behind these processes. Providing critical insights on these underpinnings, topics covered in the book include the neuroscience of ingroup bias, empathy, dehumanisation, competition, ideological bias and prejudice between groups. As well as explaining how genes and environment interact to create attitudes between groups and how this can lead to different cultures, later chapters also give practical solutions on how to reduce ingroup bias and support prosocial behaviour between groups through better neuroscientific understanding. Featuring contributions from world-leading experts, this is fascinating reading for students and researchers in social psychology and neuroscience, and is ideal for anyone examining intergroup relations from a social neuroscientific perspective, or using social neuroscience methods for the first time.
Educational Theory
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1953
Educational Theory written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1953 with Education categories.
A Mutual Aid Model For Social Work With Groups
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Author : Dominique Moyse Steinberg
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-02-24
A Mutual Aid Model For Social Work With Groups written by Dominique Moyse Steinberg and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-24 with Social Science categories.
Group work is a popular and widely used social work method. Focusing particularly on the central role of mutual aid in effective group work, this text presents the theoretical base, outlines core principles, and introduces the skills for translating those theories and principles into practice. A Mutual-Aid Model for Social Work with Groups will help readers to catalyze the strengths of group members such that they become better problem solvers in all areas of life from the playroom to the boardroom. Increased coverage of evaluation and evidence-based practice speaks to the field’s growing concern with monitoring process and assessing progress. The book also includes: worker-based obstacles to mutual aid, their impact, and their antidotes pre-group planning including new discussion on curriculum groups group building by prioritizing certain goals and norms in the new group the significance of time and place on mutual aid and the role of the group worker maintaining mutual aid during so-called individual problem solving an expanded discussion of anti-oppression and anti-oppressive practice unlocking a group’s potential to make difference and conflict useful special considerations in working with time-limited, open-ended, and very large groups. Case examples are used throughout to help bridge the gap between theory and practice, and exercises for class or field, help learners to immediately apply conceptual material to their practice. All resources required to carry out the exercises are contained in over 20 appendices at the end of the book. Key points at the end of each chapter recap the major concepts presented, and a roster of recommended reading for each chapter points the reader to further resources on each topic. Designed to support ethical and successful practice, this textbook is an essential addition to the library of any social work student or human service practitioner working with groups.
Shared Reality
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Author : E. Tory Higgins
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-06-04
Shared Reality written by E. Tory Higgins and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-04 with Psychology categories.
What does it mean to be human? Why do we feel and behave in the ways that we do? The classic answer is that we have a special kind of intelligence. But to understand what we are as humans, we also need to know what we are like motivationally. And what is central to this story, what is special about human motivation, is that humans want to share with others their inner experiences about the world--share how they feel, what they believe, and what they want to happen in the future. They want to create a shared reality with others. People have a shared reality together when they experience having in common a feeling about something, a belief about something, or a concern about something. They feel connected to another person or group by knowing that this person or group sees the world the same way that they do--they share what is real about the world. In this work, Dr. Higgins describes how our human motivation for shared reality evolved in our species, and how it develops in our children as shared feelings, shared practices, and shared goals and roles. Shared reality is crucial to what we believe--sharing is believing. It is central to our sense of self, what we strive for and how we strive. It is basic to how we get along with others. It brings us together in fellowship and companionship, but it also tears us apart by creating in-group "bubbles" that conflict with one another. Our shared realities are the best of us, and the worst of us.
Intergroup Attitudes And Relations In Childhood Through Adulthood
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Author : Sheri R. Levy
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2008-02-15
Intergroup Attitudes And Relations In Childhood Through Adulthood written by Sheri R. Levy and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-15 with Psychology categories.
This edited volume captures an exciting new trend in research on intergroup attitudes and relations, which concerns how individuals make judgments, and interact with individuals from different group categories, broadly defined in terms of gender, race, age, culture, religion, sexual orientation, and body type. This new approach is an integrative perspective, one which draws on theory and research in the areas of developmental and social psychology. Throughout human history, intergroup conflict has often served as the basis for societal conflict, strife, and tension. Over the past several decades, individual and group mobility has enabled individuals to interact with a wider range of people from different backgrounds than ever before. On the one hand, this level of societal heterogeneity contributes to intergroup conflict. On the other hand, the experience of such heterogeneity has also reduced stereotypes, and increased an understanding of others' perspectives and experiences. Where does it begin? When do children acquire stereotypes about the other? What are the sources of influence, and how does change come about? To provide a deeper understanding of the origins, stability, and reduction of intergroup conflict, scholars in this volume report on current, cutting edge theory and new research findings. Progress in the area of intergroup attitudes relies on continued advances in both the understanding of the origins and the trajectory of intergroup conflict and harmony (as historically studied by developmental psychologists) and the understanding of contexts and conditions that contribute to positive and negative intergroup attitudes and relations (as historically studied by social psychologists). Recent social and developmental psychology research clarifies the multifaceted nature of prejudice and the need for an interdisciplinary approach to addressing prejudice. The recent blossoming of research on the integration of developmental and social psychology represented in this volume will appeal to scholars and students in the areas of developmental psychology, social psychology, cognitive psychology, education, social neuroscience, law, business, and political science.
Receptive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test
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Author : Rick Brownell
language : en
Publisher: Plural Pub Incorporated
Release Date : 1999-09
Receptive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test written by Rick Brownell and has been published by Plural Pub Incorporated this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-09 with Medical categories.
