Theory Of Scientific Method
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Theories Of Scientific Method
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Author : Robert Nola
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-12-18
Theories Of Scientific Method written by Robert Nola and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-18 with Philosophy categories.
What is it to be scientific? Is there such a thing as scientific method? And if so, how might such methods be justified? Robert Nola and Howard Sankey seek to provide answers to these fundamental questions in their exploration of the major recent theories of scientific method. Although for many scientists their understanding of method is something they just pick up in the course of being trained, Nola and Sankey argue that it is possible to be explicit about what this tacit understanding of method is, rather than leave it as some unfathomable mystery. They robustly defend the idea that there is such a thing as scientific method and show how this might be legitimated. This book begins with the question of what methodology might mean and explores the notions of values, rules and principles, before investigating how methodologists have sought to show that our scientific methods are rational. Part 2 of this book sets out some principles of inductive method and examines its alternatives including abduction, IBE, and hypothetico-deductivism. Part 3 introduces probabilistic modes of reasoning, particularly Bayesianism in its various guises, and shows how it is able to give an account of many of the values and rules of method. Part 4 considers the ideas of philosophers who have proposed distinctive theories of method such as Popper, Lakatos, Kuhn and Feyerabend and Part 5 continues this theme by considering philosophers who have proposed naturalised theories of method such as Quine, Laudan and Rescher. This book offers readers a comprehensive introduction to the idea of scientific method and a wide-ranging discussion of how historians of science, philosophers of science and scientists have grappled with the question over the last fifty years.
String Theory And The Scientific Method
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Author : Richard Dawid
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013-05-02
String Theory And The Scientific Method written by Richard Dawid and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-02 with Science categories.
String theory has played a highly influential role in theoretical physics for nearly three decades and has substantially altered our view of the elementary building principles of the Universe. However, the theory remains empirically unconfirmed, and is expected to remain so for the foreseeable future. So why do string theorists have such a strong belief in their theory? This book explores this question, offering a novel insight into the nature of theory assessment itself. Dawid approaches the topic from a unique position, having extensive experience in both philosophy and high-energy physics. He argues that string theory is just the most conspicuous example of a number of theories in high-energy physics where non-empirical theory assessment has an important part to play. Aimed at physicists and philosophers of science, the book does not use mathematical formalism and explains most technical terms.
An Introduction To Logic And Scientific Method
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Author : Morris F. Cohen
language : en
Publisher: Read Books Ltd
Release Date : 2011-03-23
An Introduction To Logic And Scientific Method written by Morris F. Cohen and has been published by Read Books Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-23 with Science categories.
Though formal logic has in recent times been the object of radical and spirited attacks from many and diverse quarters, it continues, and will probably long continue, to be one of the most frequently given courses in colleges and universities here and abroad. Nor need this be surprising when we reflect that the most serious of the charges against formal logic, those against the syllogism, are as old as Aristotle, who seems to have been fully aware of them. But while the realm of logic seems perfectly safe against the attacks from without, there is a good deal of unhappy confusion within. Though the content of almost all logic books follows (even in many of the illustrations) the standard set by Aristotle’s Organon—terms, propositions, syllogisms and allied forms of inference, scientific method, probability and fallacies—there is a bewildering Babel of tongues as to what logic is about. The different schools, the traditional, the linguistic, the psychological, the epistemological, and the mathematical, speak different languages, and each regards the other as not really dealing with logic at all. No task is perhaps so thankless, or invites so much abuse from all quarters, as that of the mediator between hostile points of view. Nor is the traditional distrust of the peacemaker in the intellectual realm difficult to appreciate, since he so often substitutes an unclear and inconsistent amalgam for points of view which at least have the merit of a certain clarity. And yet no task is so essential, especially for the beginner, when it is undertaken with the objective of adjusting and supplementing the claims of the contending parties, and when it is accompanied by a refusal to sacrifice clarity and rigor in thought. In so far as an elementary text permits such a thing, the present text seeks to bring some order into the confusion of tongues concerning the subject matter of logic. But the resolution of the conflicts between various schools which it effects appears in the selection and presentation of material, and not in extensive polemics against any school. The book has been written with the conviction that logic is the autonomous science of the objective though formal conditions of valid inference. At the same time, its authors believe that the aridity which is (not always unjustly) attributed to the study of logic testifies to the unimaginative way logical principles have been taught and misused. The present text aims to combine sound logical doctrine with sound pedagogy, and to provide illustrative material suggestive of the rôle of logic in every department of thought. A text that would find a place for the realistic formalism of Aristotle, the scientific penetration of Peirce, the pedagogical soundness of Dewey, and the mathematical rigor of Russell—this was the ideal constantly present to the authors of this book.
Imre Lakatos And Theories Of Scientific Change
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Author : K. Gavroglu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Imre Lakatos And Theories Of Scientific Change written by K. Gavroglu and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
How happy it is to recall Imre Lakatos. Now, fifteen years after his death, his intelligence, wit, generosity are vivid. In the Preface to the book of Essays in Memory of Imre Lakatos (Boston Studies, 39, 1976), the editors wrote: ... Lakatos was a man in search of rationality in all of its forms. He thought he had found it in the historical development of scientific knowledge, yet he also saw rationality endangered everywhere. To honor Lakatos is to honor his sharp and aggressive criticism as well as his humane warmth and his quick wit. He was a person to love and to struggle with. The book before us carries old and new friends of that Lakatosian spirit further into the issues which he wanted to investigate. That the new friends include a dozen scientific, historical and philosophical scholars from Greece would have pleased Lakatos very much, and with an essay from China, he would have smiled all the more. But the key lies in the quality of these papers, and in the imaginative organization of the conference at Thessaloniki in summer 1986 which worked so well.
The Sage Encyclopedia Of Theory In Science Technology Engineering And Mathematics
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Author : James Mattingly
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Release Date : 2022-10-28
The Sage Encyclopedia Of Theory In Science Technology Engineering And Mathematics written by James Mattingly and has been published by SAGE Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-28 with Reference categories.
Project Description: Theories are part and parcel of every human activity that involves knowing about the world and our place in it. In all areas of inquiry from the most commonplace to the most scholarly and esoteric, theorizing plays a fundamental role. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics focuses on the ways that various STEM disciplines theorize about their subject matter. How is thinking about the subject organized? What methods are used in moving a novice in given field into the position of a competent student of that subject? Within the pages of this landmark work, readers will learn about the complex decisions that are made when framing a theory, what goes into constructing a powerful theory, why some theories change or fail, how STEM theories reflect socio-historical moments in time and how – at their best – they form the foundations for exploring and unlocking the mysteries of the world around us. Featuring more than 200 authoritative articles written by experts in their respective fields, the encyclopedia includes a Reader’s Guide that organizes entries by broad themes; lists of Further Readings and cross-references that conclude each article; and a Resource Guide listing classic books in the field, leading journals, associations, and key websites.
Kuhn S Criticism Of Popper S Account Of The Scientific Method
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Author : Mark-Oliver Morkos
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2014-05-13
Kuhn S Criticism Of Popper S Account Of The Scientific Method written by Mark-Oliver Morkos and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-13 with Philosophy categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject Philosophy - Philosophy of the 20th century, grade: 2.6, The Open University, language: English, abstract: The current paper introduces Karl Popper's account of the scientific method in comparison to Thomas Kuhn's idea in "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions".
The Scientific Method
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Author : Henry M. Cowles
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2020-04-14
The Scientific Method written by Henry M. Cowles and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-14 with Science categories.
The scientific method is just over a hundred years old. From debates about the evolution of the human mind to the rise of instrumental reasoning, Henry M. Cowles shows how the idea of a single “scientific method” emerged from a turn inward by psychologists that produced powerful epistemological and historical effects that are still with us today.
Method Matters In Psychology
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Author : Brian D. Haig
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-09-25
Method Matters In Psychology written by Brian D. Haig and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-25 with Psychology categories.
This book applies a range of ideas about scientific discovery found in contemporary philosophy of science to psychology and related behavioral sciences. In doing so, it aims to advance our understanding of a host of important methodological ideas as they apply to those sciences. A philosophy of local scientific realism is adopted in favor of traditional accounts that are thought to apply to all sciences. As part of this philosophy, the implications of a commitment to philosophical naturalism are spelt out, and a correspondence theory of truth is defended by showing how it helps explain various features of scientific practice. The central chapter of the book presents a broad theory of scientific method that comprises the detection of empirical phenomena and their subsequent understanding by constructing explanatory theories through the use of abductive methods. This theory of scientific method is then used as a framework to reconstruct the well-known qualitative method of grounded theory, and to present a systematic perspective on clinical reasoning and case formulation. Relatedly, an abductive or explanationist understanding of methods is employed to evaluate the knowledge credentials of evolutionary psychology. In addition, the conceptual and methodological foundations of a variety of quantitative methods are examined. Exploratory factor analysis and tests of statistical significance are given special attention.
Exploring The Scientific Method
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Author : Steven Gimbel
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2011-04-15
Exploring The Scientific Method written by Steven Gimbel and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-15 with Philosophy categories.
From their grade school classrooms forward, students of science are encouraged to memorize and adhere to the “scientific method”—a model of inquiry consisting of five to seven neatly laid-out steps, often in the form of a flowchart. But walk into the office of a theoretical physicist or the laboratory of a biochemist and ask “Which step are you on?” and you will likely receive a blank stare. This is not how science works. But science does work, and here award-winning teacher and scholar Steven Gimbel provides students the tools to answer for themselves this question: What actually is the scientific method? Exploring the Scientific Method pairs classic and contemporary readings in the philosophy of science with milestones in scientific discovery to illustrate the foundational issues underlying scientific methodology. Students are asked to select one of nine possible fields—astronomy, physics, chemistry, genetics, evolutionary biology, psychology, sociology, economics, or geology—and through carefully crafted case studies trace its historical progression, all while evaluating whether scientific practice in each case reflects the methodological claims of the philosophers. This approach allows students to see the philosophy of science in action and to determine for themselves what scientists do and how they ought to do it. Exploring the Scientific Method will be a welcome resource to introductory science courses and all courses in the history and philosophy of science.
The History Of The Scientific Method
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Author : Heather Moore Niver
language : en
Publisher: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc
Release Date : 2018-07-15
The History Of The Scientific Method written by Heather Moore Niver and has been published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-15 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
The scientific method is a tool commonly used by scientists as a formal model for investigation. Many know the basic steps involved, but fewer are aware of the rich history of the method's development. This insightful resource tackles the history and evolution of the scientific method, delving back to ancient history and touching on the strong influence of Islamic scientists, too. Lively text engages the readers as they learn about some of the major players who helped develop the scientific method we use today.