Therapeutic Strategies Aimed To Facilitate Axonal Regeneration And Functional Recovery Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
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Therapeutic Strategies Aimed To Facilitate Axonal Regeneration And Functional Recovery Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
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Author : Woon Nam Chow
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Therapeutic Strategies Aimed To Facilitate Axonal Regeneration And Functional Recovery Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury written by Woon Nam Chow and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a physically debilitating, emotionally devastating, financially costly, and life-changing condition that afflicts more than 1,000,000 people in the United States alone. Owing to the characteristic neuropathology and low regenerative capacity of the central nervous system, many victims of SCI are left permanently paralyzed. Though the tissue damage caused by the initial insult almost certainly cannot be reversed, intensive research in recent years to elucidate the cellular and molecular events that follows has provided new grounds for optimism. Accordingly, in this dissertation, we present a number of potential treatment strategies aimed to address some of these pathological sequelae seen post-SCI so as to facilitate the regeneration of axons and the recovery of physiological functions. After the initial traumatic insult, a prominent and lasting injury-induced proliferative response occur and results in the development of a gliotic scar that isolates the lesion from the surrounding viable tissue. Although this process aids to prevent the spread of uncontrolled tissue damage, the scar nevertheless acts as a physical barrier to axonal regeneration. Furthermore, cells within the scar are a major source of axon growth-inhibitory molecules such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG) and thus the scar acts concomitantly as a biochemical barrier. Concurrent to all this, inflammatory cells infiltrate the lesion and promote cell death through immunologic activation. Neuronal survival is also threatened from the lack of neurotrophic support caused by axonal severance. Finally, the pathology culminates in the formation of a fluid-filled cyst, which represents a gap that further hinders axonal regrowth. Since regeneration cannot physically occur in the presence of a cavity, we, by employing electrospinning techniques, generated a biocompatible matrix implant that can bridge and direct axonal elongation across the fluid-filled cyst. Given the complex array and scope of pathological sequelae post-SCI, it is generally recognized that a multifaceted approach is required to successfully treat SCI. In view of this, we presented novel approaches by which successful tried and true therapeutic strategies are combined to generate an enhanced matrix. An enzyme as well as a growth factor was incorporated into our matrix implants in order to respectively neutralize CSPGs and provide neurotrophic support. Using in vitro assays, we were able to demonstrate excellent protein bioactivity after incorporation. In vivo experimentation of these enhanced matrices is now ongoing. To address the injury-induced proliferative response, which represents an on-ramp off-ramp obstacle that prevents axonal regeneration onto our matrix implant, we showed how X-irradiation can be utilized to moderate this response by killing dividing cells so as to facilitate a more efficient penetration of regrowing axons into and beyond the gliotic scar. Finally, we demonstrate how a novel pharmacologic agent FTY720 can be used to attenuate the inflammatory response by preventing lymphocytic egress from lymphoid tissues. Collectively, these ideas and experimental results represent novel therapeutic strategies that can be combined in order to bring about meaningful functional recovery after SCI.
Recovery Of Motor Function Following Spinal Cord Injury
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Author : Heidi Fuller
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2016-08-17
Recovery Of Motor Function Following Spinal Cord Injury written by Heidi Fuller and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-17 with Medical categories.
Restoration of motor function following spinal cord injury is a complex and challenging task. By reviewing emerging cellular, pharmacological, rehabilitative, as well as surgical approaches, this book seeks to highlight promising therapeutic strategies for the repair and regeneration of motor circuitry. The multidisciplinary nature of these approaches illustrates various routes to bridging the gap between the bench and the bedside and to identify the challenges that must be overcome in order to bring about a viable therapeutic strategy for spinal cord injury patients.
Therapeutic Strategies To Spinal Cord Injury
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Author : Pavla Jendelova
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2018-11-29
Therapeutic Strategies To Spinal Cord Injury written by Pavla Jendelova and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-29 with Electronic books categories.
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Therapeutic Strategies to Spinal Cord Injury" that was published in IJMS
Spinal Cord Injury
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2005-07-27
Spinal Cord Injury written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-07-27 with Medical categories.
An estimated 11,000 spinal cord injuries occur each year in the United States and more than 200,000 Americans suffer from maladies associated with spinal cord injury. This includes paralysis, bowel and bladder dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, respiratory impairment, temperature regulation problems, and chronic pain. During the last two decades, longstanding beliefs about the inability of the adult central nervous system to heal itself have been eroded by the flood of new information from research in the neurosciences and related fields. However, there are still no cures and the challenge of restoring function in the wake of spinal cord injuries remains extremely complex. Spinal Cord Injury examines the future directions for research with the goal to accelerate the development of cures for spinal cord injuries. While many of the recommendations are framed within the context of the specific needs articulated by the New York Spinal Cord Injury Research Board, the Institute of Medicine's panel of experts looked very broadly at research priorities relating to future directions for the field in general and make recommendations to strengthen and coordinate the existing infrastructure. Funders at federal and state agencies, academic organizations, pharmaceutical and device companies, and non-profit organizations will all find this book to be an essential resource as they examine their opportunities.
Indwelling Neural Implants
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Author : William M. Reichert
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2007-12-17
Indwelling Neural Implants written by William M. Reichert and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-17 with Medical categories.
Despite enormous advances made in the development of external effector prosthetics over the last quarter century, significant questions remain, especially those concerning signal degradation that occurs with chronically implanted neuroelectrodes. Offering contributions from pioneering researchers in neuroprosthetics and tissue repair, Indwel
Paraplegia
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Author : José Juan Antonio Ibarra Arias
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2021-05-12
Paraplegia written by José Juan Antonio Ibarra Arias and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-12 with Medical categories.
In the last decade, diverse research areas have developed novel approaches to overcome dysfunctions after a spinal cord injury (SCI). Even though motor restoration attracts the most clinical attention, sensory, autonomic, and mental health are also aspects fundamental to improving the quality of life of SCI patients. Over four sections of therapeutic, rehabilitation, and technological approaches, this book examines preclinical and clinical studies using mesenchymal stem cells and pharmacological or electrical stimulation strategies. Chapters also address the impact of paraplegia and associated loss of autonomic functions, including bowel and sexual dysfunction, as well as the convergence of new technologies aimed at providing postural support and enhancing mobility.
Neuroprotection
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Author : Matilde Otero-Losada
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2020-11-26
Neuroprotection written by Matilde Otero-Losada and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-26 with Medical categories.
Neurological disease affects nearly 25%–30% of the world’s population, exerting enormous financial strain on the healthcare system. Estimated current costs are around $800 annual billion, and this number is expected to increase exponentially as the global population ages. As such, new and alternative neuroprotective strategies are urgently needed. This book examines some of the most promising approaches in neuroprotection as well as discusses current goals and prospects. Organized into three sections, chapters cover such topics as the use of cannabinoids, medicinal plants, and essential oils in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s; protein misfolding and the neuroprotective potential of vitamin E in cerebral ischemia; and potential new neurological treatments and their mechanisms of action.
Spinal Cord Injury Sci Repair Strategies
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Author : Giuseppe Perale
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2019-10-30
Spinal Cord Injury Sci Repair Strategies written by Giuseppe Perale and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-30 with Medical categories.
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Repair Strategies provides researchers the latest information on potential regenerative approaches to spinal cord injury, specifically focusing on therapeutic approaches that target regeneration, including cell therapies, controlled drug delivery systems, and biomaterials. Dr. Giuseppe Perale and Dr. Filippo Rossi lead a team of authoritative authors in academia and industry in this innovative reference on the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. This book presents all the information readers need to understand the current and potential array of techniques, materials, applications and their benefits for spinal cord repair. Covers current and future repair strategies for spinal cord injury repair Focuses on key research trends, clinics, biology and engineering Provides fundamentals on regenerative engineering and tissue engineering
Cns Regeneration
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Author : Jeffrey Kordower
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2011-04-28
Cns Regeneration written by Jeffrey Kordower and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-28 with Medical categories.
This second edition of CNS Regeneration updates the burgeoning field of regeneration in the Central Nervous System (CNS) from molecular, systems, and disease-based perspective. While the book covers numerous areas in detail, special emphasis is given to discussions of movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and spinal cord injury. Incorporates information gained from cutting-edge photomicroscopy techniques Includes current information on clinical trials Presents chapters on stem cells and other novel treatments for diseases of the CNS
Traumatic Brain And Spinal Cord Injury
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Author : Cristina Morganti-Kossmann
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2012-07-19
Traumatic Brain And Spinal Cord Injury written by Cristina Morganti-Kossmann and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-19 with Medical categories.
Presents the most up-to-date clinical and experimental research in neurotrauma in an illustrated, accessible, comprehensive volume.