Thermal Gradient Migration Of Brine Inclusions In Salt Crystals Synthetic Single Crystals Of Nacl And Kcl
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Thermal Gradient Migration Of Brine Inclusions In Salt Crystals Synthetic Single Crystals Of Nacl And Kcl
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Thermal Gradient Migration Of Brine Inclusions In Salt Crystals Synthetic Single Crystals Of Nacl And Kcl written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with categories.
It has been proposed that high-level nuclear waste be disposed in a geologic repository. Natural-salt deposits, which are being considered for this purpose, contain a small volume fraction of water in the form of brine inclusions distributed throughout the salt. Radioactive-decay heating of the nuclear wastes will impose a temperature gradient on the surrounding salt which mobilizes the brine inclusions. Inclusions filled completely with brine migrate up the temperature gradient and eventually accumulate brine near the buried waste forms. The brine may slowly corrode or degrade the waste forms which is undesirable. In this work, thermal gradient migration of both all-liquid and gas-liquid inclusions was experimentally studied in synthetic single crystals of NaCl and KCl using a hot-stage attachment to an optical microscope which was capable of imposing temperature gradients and axial compressive loads on the crystals. The migration velocities of the inclusions were found to be dependent on temperature, temperature gradient, and inclusion shape and size. The velocities were also dictated by the interfacial mass transfer resistance at brine/solid interface. This interfacial resistance depends on the dislocation density in the crystal, which in turn, depends on the axial compressive loading of the crystal. At low axial loads, the dependence between the velocity and temperature gradient is non-linear. At high axial loads, however, the interfacial resistance is reduced and the migration velocity depends linearly on the temperature gradient. All-liquid inclusions filled with mixed brines were also studied. For gas-liquid inclusions, three different gas phases (helium, air and argon) were compared. Migration studies were also conducted on single crystallites of natural salt as well as in polycrystalline natural salt samples. The behavior of the inclusions at large angle grain boundaries was observed. 35 figures, 3 tables.
Thermal Gradient Migration Of Brine Inclusions In Synthetic Alkali Halide Single Crystals
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
Thermal Gradient Migration Of Brine Inclusions In Synthetic Alkali Halide Single Crystals written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with categories.
An apparatus consisting of an optical microscope with a hot stage attachment capable of simultaneously non-uniformly heating and mechanically loading small single crystals of salt was used to measure the velocities of all-liquid inclusions in NaCl and KCl specimens under various conditions of temperature, temperature gradient, and uniaxial stress. The rate-controlling elementary step in the migration of the inclusions was found to be associated with interfacial processes, probably dissolution of the hot face. Dislocations are required for this step to take place. The small number of dislocation intersections with small inclusions in nearly perfect crystals causes substantial variations in the velocity, a sensitivity of the velocity to mechanical loading of the crystal, and a velocity which varies approximately as the square of the temperature gradient.
Thermal Gradient Migration Of Brine Inclusions In Salt
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Author : Donald R. Olander
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Thermal Gradient Migration Of Brine Inclusions In Salt written by Donald R. Olander and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Crystals categories.
Thermal Gradient Migration Of Brine Inclusion In Salt Crystals
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Author : Suresh Kumar Yagnik
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Thermal Gradient Migration Of Brine Inclusion In Salt Crystals written by Suresh Kumar Yagnik and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with categories.
Migration Of Gas Liquid Inclusions In Kcl And Nacl Single Crystals
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Migration Of Gas Liquid Inclusions In Kcl And Nacl Single Crystals written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with categories.
Natural salt deposits contain small brine inclusions which can be set into motion by a temperature gradient arising from storage of nuclear wastes in the salt. Inclusions totally filled with liquid move up the temperature gradient, but cavities which are filled partly with liquid and partly by an insoluble gas move in the opposite direction. The velocities of these gas-liquid inclusions are calculated from a model which includes: heat transport in the gas/liquid/solid composite medium; vapor transport of water in the gas bubble as the principal mechanism causing cavity motion; and the effect of molecular and thermal diffusion on transport of salt in the liquid phase. An analytical expression for the inclusion velocity is obtainable with certain simplifications, which include: approximating the cubical cavity in the solid as a spherical hole containing a central gas bubble and an annular shell of liquid; neglecting interface kinetics (i.e., slow dissolution and crystallization steps) and assuming the process to be diffusion-controlled and disregarding fluid motion generated by surface tension gradients at the gas/liquid interface. The theory predicts a change in the migration direction at a critical volume fraction gas in the cavity. For gas fractions greater than this critical value, the theory gives the velocities of migration down the temperature gradient which are in satisfactory agreement with available experimental data.
Energy Research Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Energy Research Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Power resources categories.
Radioactive Waste Management
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Radioactive Waste Management written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with categories.
Thermal Gradient Migration Of Brine Inclusions In Salt Crystals
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Author : Suresh Kumar Yagnik
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Thermal Gradient Migration Of Brine Inclusions In Salt Crystals written by Suresh Kumar Yagnik and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with categories.
Transactions Of The American Nuclear Society
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Author : American Nuclear Society
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
Transactions Of The American Nuclear Society written by American Nuclear Society and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Nuclear engineering categories.
Inis Atomindeks
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Inis Atomindeks written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Nuclear energy categories.