Thermomechanical And Sugar Routes To Ethanol And Other Alcohols From Lignocellulosic Biomass
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Thermomechanical And Sugar Routes To Ethanol And Other Alcohols From Lignocellulosic Biomass
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Author : Paul-Philipp Post
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Thermomechanical And Sugar Routes To Ethanol And Other Alcohols From Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Paul-Philipp Post and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Thermochemical And Sugar Routes To Ethanol And Other Alcohols From Lignocellulosic Biomass
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Author : Paul-Philipp Post
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Thermochemical And Sugar Routes To Ethanol And Other Alcohols From Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Paul-Philipp Post and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Lignocellulose Conversion
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Author : Vincenza Faraco
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-12
Lignocellulose Conversion written by Vincenza Faraco and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-12 with Science categories.
Bioethanol has been recognized as a potential alternative to petroleum-derived transportation fuels. Even if cellulosic biomass is less expensive than corn and sugarcane, the higher costs for its conversion make the near-term price of cellulosic ethanol higher than that of corn ethanol and even more than that of sugarcane ethanol. Conventional process for bioethanol production from lignocellulose includes a chemical/physical pre-treatment of lignocellulose for lignin removal, mostly based on auto hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis, followed by saccharification of the free accessible cellulose portions of the biomass. The highest yields of fermentable sugars from cellulose portion are achieved by means of enzymatic hydrolysis, currently carried out using a mix of cellulases from the fungus Trichoderma reesei. Reduction of (hemi)cellulases production costs is strongly required to increase competitiveness of second generation bioethanol production. The final step is the fermentation of sugars obtained from saccharification, typically performed by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The current process is optimized for 6-carbon sugars fermentation, since most of yeasts cannot ferment 5-carbon sugars. Thus, research is aimed at exploring new engineered yeasts abilities to co-ferment 5- and 6-carbon sugars. Among the main routes to advance cellulosic ethanol, consolidate bio-processing, namely direct conversion of biomass into ethanol by a genetically modified microbes, holds tremendous potential to reduce ethanol production costs. Finally, the use of all the components of lignocellulose to produce a large spectra of biobased products is another challenge for further improving competitiveness of second generation bioethanol production, developing a biorefinery.
Technical And Economical Assessment Of Thermo Mechanical Extrusion Pretreatment For Cellulosic Ethanol Production
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Author : Juhyun Yoo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Technical And Economical Assessment Of Thermo Mechanical Extrusion Pretreatment For Cellulosic Ethanol Production written by Juhyun Yoo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 has set the goal of 36 billion gallons of annual ethanol production in the U.S. by 2022, which is equivalent to 17.5% of the current gasoline consumption in the U.S. However, corn ethanol is expected to plateau at a level of 7.3% of current gasoline consumption on an energy-equivalent basis. Thus, it is essential to utilize a variety of substrates including lignocellulosic biomass from perennial energy crops such as switch grass, crop residues such as corn and sorghum stover, and agri-industrial co-products such as soybean hulls and wheat bran. Lignocellulosic substrates have a recalcitrant nature and require a pretreatment step that is critical for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose to fermentable sugars. In this study, soybean hulls were used as a model substrate for cellulosic ethanol. A novel thermo-mechanical pretreatment process using extrusion was investigated and compared with two traditional pretreatment methods, dilute acid and alkali hydrolysis, with regard to structural changes in the lignocellulosic substrate, and glucose and ethanol yields. The effect of extrusion parameters, such as barrel temperature, in-barrel moisture and screw speed, on glucose yield from soybean hulls was determined. Optimum processing conditions were screw speed of 350 rpm, maximum barrel temperature of 80°C and 40% in-barrel moisture content, resulting in 95% cellulose conversion to glucose. Compared with untreated soybean hulls, the cellulose to glucose conversion of soybean hulls increased by 69.5, 128.4 and 132.2% for dilute acid, alkali and thermo-mechanical pretreatments, respectively. Glucose and other hexose sugars such as mannose and galactose were effectively fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, resulting in ethanol yields of 13.04--15.44 g/L. Fermentation inhibitors glycerol, furfural, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (HMF) and acetic acid were found in the thermo-mechanically pretreated substrate, ranging in concentrations from 0.072--0.431, 0--0.049, 0--0.023 and 0.181--0.278 g/L, respectively, which were lower than those reported from acid hydrolyzed substrates. The economic feasibility of commercial cellulosic ethanol production processes employing dilute acid hydrolysis and thermo-mechanical pretreatment were compared using a system dynamics modeling approach. It was concluded that low feedstock cost and high sugar conversion are important factors that can make cellulosic ethanol production commercially viable. Thermo-mechanical pretreatment was a more promising technology as compared to dilute acid hydrolysis because of the lower capital and operating costs, and higher sugar conversion.
Sustainable Degradation Of Lignocellulosic Biomass
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Author : Anuj Chandel
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2013-05-15
Sustainable Degradation Of Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Anuj Chandel and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides important aspects of sustainable degradation of lignocellulosic biomass which has a pivotal role for the economic production of several value-added products and biofuels with safe environment. Different pretreatment techniques and enzymatic hydrolysis process along with the characterization of cell wall components have been discussed broadly. The following features of this book attribute its distinctiveness: This book comprehensively covers the improvement in methodologies for the biomass pretreatment, hemicellulose and cellulose breakdown into fermentable sugars, the analytical methods for biomass characterization, and bioconversion of cellulosics into biofuels. In addition, mechanistic analysis of biomass pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis have been discussed in details, highlighting key factors influencing these processes at industrial scale.
Biorefinery From Biomass To Chemicals And Fuels
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Author : Michele Aresta
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2012-08-31
Biorefinery From Biomass To Chemicals And Fuels written by Michele Aresta and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-31 with Science categories.
This book provides an introduction to the basic science and technologies for the conversion of biomass (terrestrial and aquatic) into chemicals and fuels, as well as an overview of innovations in the field. The entire value chain for converting raw materials into platform molecules and their transformation into final products are presented in detail. Both cellulosic and oleaginous biomass are considered. The book contains contributions by both academic scientists and industrial technologists so that each topic combines state-of-the-art scientific knowledge with innovative technologies relevant to chemical industries. Selected topics include: Refinery of the future: feedstock, processes, products The terrestrial and aquatic biomass production and properties Chemical technologies and biotechnologies for the conversion of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignine, algae, residual biomass Thermal, catalytic and enzymatic conversion of biomass Production of chemicals, polymeric materials, fuels (biogas, biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen) Policy aspects of biomass product chains LCA applied to the energetic, economic and environmental evaluation of the production of fuels from biomass: ethanol, biooil and biodiesel, biogas, biohydrogen
Integrated Biorefineries
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Author : Paul R. Stuart
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2012-12-10
Integrated Biorefineries written by Paul R. Stuart and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-10 with Science categories.
Integrated Biorefineries: Design, Analysis, and Optimization examines how to create a competitive edge in biorefinery innovation through integration into existing processes and infrastructure. Leading experts from around the world working in design, synthesis, and optimization of integrated biorefineries present the various aspects of this complex
Sustainable Polymers From Biomass
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Author : Chuanbing Tang
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2017-02-21
Sustainable Polymers From Biomass written by Chuanbing Tang and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Offering a unique perspective summarizing research on this timely important topic around the globe, this book provides comprehensive coverage of how molecular biomass can be transformed into sustainable polymers. It critically discusses and compares a few classes of biomass - oxygen-rich, hydrocarbon-rich, hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon (including carbon dioxide) as well as natural polymers - and equally includes products that are already commercialized. A must-have for both newcomers to the field as well as established researchers in both academia and industry.
Polysaccharides
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Author : Kishan Gopal Ramawat
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-07-21
Polysaccharides written by Kishan Gopal Ramawat and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-21 with Science categories.
This authoritative reference work presents comprehensive information about one of the most important and most wide-spread classes of (bio)organic compounds: the polysaccharides. The comprehensive and thoroughly up-to-date handbook presents the sources, identification, analysis, biosynthesis, biotechnology and applications of important polysaccharides likes starches, cellulose, chitin, gum and microbial polysaccharides. Polysaccharides can exhibit complex structure and various functional activities. These bio macromolecules can therefore serve as raw materials for various different materials, e.g. rayon, cellulose acetate, celluloid and nitrocellulose; and they find multiple applications, for instance as surgical threads (chitin), as sources of energy, dietary fibers, as blood flow adjuvants, in cosmetics, emulsion stabilizers, film formers, binders, viscosity increasing agents or skin conditioning agenta, as food additives in gums, chewing gum bases and as vaccines. Polysaccharides form the basis for useful products, like xanthan gum, dextran, welan gum, gellan gum, diutan gum and pullulan. Some of the polysaccharide-derived products have interesting and useful properties and show biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anti-mutagenic, radioprotective, anti-oxidative, anti-ulcer, antidepressant, anti-septicaemic or anti-inflammatory activities. All these applications and properties of polysaccharides are for the first time compiled in a thorough and comprehensive overview in the present work. This reference work is organized thematically in four parts: Part I. Polysaccharides: Occurrence, Structure, Distribution and Biotechnology. Part II. Methods. Part III. Bioactive Polysaccharides. Part IV. Polysaccharides as Food. This reference work is edited by experienced experts, all chapters are written by well recognized international specialists. It is useful to all those working in the field of botany, phytochemistry, pharmacy, drug delivery, molecular biology, metabolomics, forestry, environment, conservation, biotechnology and NGOs working for forest protection.
Biomass Now
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Author : Miodrag Darko Matovic
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2013-04-30
Biomass Now written by Miodrag Darko Matovic and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This two-volume book on biomass is a reflection of the increase in biomass related research and applications, driven by overall higher interest in sustainable energy and food sources, by increased awareness of potentials and pitfalls of using biomass for energy, by the concerns for food supply and by multitude of potential biomass uses as a source material in organic chemistry, bringing in the concept of bio-refinery. It reflects the trend in broadening of biomass related research and an increased focus on second-generation bio-fuels. Its total of 40 chapters spans over diverse areas of biomass research, grouped into 9 themes.