Thermophotovoltaics
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Thermophotovoltaics
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Author : Thomas Bauer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-06-17
Thermophotovoltaics written by Thomas Bauer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Thermophotovoltaics is the science and technology associated with the direct generation of electricity from high temperature heat. Potential applications include combined heat and power, portable and auxiliary power, radioisotope space power, industrial waste heat recovery and concentrated solar power. This book aims at serving as an introduction to the underlying theory, overview of present day components and system arrangements, and update of the latest developments in the field. The emphasis is placed on the understanding of the critical aspects of efficient thermophotovoltaic system design. The aim is to assist researchers in the field.
Thermophotovoltaics Tpv System To Accommodate High Efficiency Selective Emitter
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Author : Tobias Hang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Thermophotovoltaics Tpv System To Accommodate High Efficiency Selective Emitter written by Tobias Hang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
With the increased demand for energy usage and the lack of sufficient renewable energy sources, this has led to a rise in CO2 emissions. In turn, it causes global warming, therefore, to combat this issue, we must develop new sources of renewable energy. One such technology is thermophotovoltaics (TPV), a technology that converts thermal energy into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) cells [1]. A TPV system consists of a heat source that will heat an emitter to high temperatures above 700°C, by using a variety of heat sources such as fuel from natural gas, biomass, or reusing wasted heat. Once it is heated up, the emitter will act like a filter and only emit photons at a specific wavelength. These photons will then be absorbed by a low bandgap photovoltaic (PV) cell of less than 1.0 eV to generate a current through the photovoltaic effect. To prevent alteration of the material's optical properties caused by oxidation [2, 3], most TPV studies' system setups are under vacuum and with emitters that are not stable at high temperatures for an extended period. Here, we have created a TPV system that can accommodate selective emitters under air and at high temperatures for long-term stability. By using various ceramic compounds to help dissipate heat and prevent heating elements from localized heating, we also incorporated a thermal management system, which effectively dissipates unwanted heat from the PV cells, thus allowing the placement of PV cells as close as 3 mm away from the 1000°C emitter.
Fundamentals Of Thermophotovoltaic Energy Conversion
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Author : Donald Chubb
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2007-05-11
Fundamentals Of Thermophotovoltaic Energy Conversion written by Donald Chubb and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05-11 with Science categories.
This is a text book presenting the fundamentals of thermophotovoltaic(TPV) energy conversion suitable for an upper undergraduate or first year graduate course. In addition it can serve as a reference or design aid for engineers developing TPV systems. Each chapter includes a summary and concludes with a set of problems. The first chapter presents the electromagnetic theory and radiation transfer theory necessary to calculate the optical properties of the components in a TPV optical cavity. Using a simplified model, Chapter 2 develops expressions for the maximum efficiency and power density for an ideal TPV system. The next three chapters consider the three major components in a TPV system; the emitter, filter and photovoltaic(PV) array. Chapter 3 applies the electromagnetic theory and radiation transfer theory presented in Chapter 1 in the calculation of spectral emittance. From the spectral emittance the emitter efficiency is calculated. Chapter 4 discusses interference, plasma and resonant array filters plus an interference filter with an imbedded metallic layer, a combined interference-plasma filter and spectral control using a back surface reflector(BSR) on the PV array. The theory necessary to calculate the optical properties of these filters is presented. Chapter 5 presents the fundamentals of semiconductor PV cells. Using transport equations calculation of the current-voltage relation for a PV cell is carried out. Quantum efficiency, spectral response and the electrical equivalent circuit for a PV cell are introduced so that the PV cell efficiency and power output can be calculated. The final three chapters of the book consider the combination of the emitter, filter and PV array that make up the optical cavity of a TPV system. Chapter 6 applies radiation transfer theory to calculate the cavity efficiency of planar and cylindrical optical cavities. Also introduced in Chapter 6 are the overall TPV efficiency, thermal efficiency and PV efficiency. Leakage of radiation out of the optical cavity results in a significant loss in TPV efficiency. Chapter 7 considers that topic. The final chapter presents a model for a planar TPV system. Six appendices present background information necessary to carry out theoretical developments in the text. Two of the appendices include Mathematica programs for the spectral optical properties of multi-layer interference filters and a planar TPV system. Software is included for downloading all the programs within the book. First text written on thermophotovoltaic(TPV) energy conversion Includes all the necessary theory to calculate TPV system performance Author has been doing TPV energy conversion research since 1980's Emphasizes the fundamentals of TPV energy conversion Includes a summary and problem set at the end of each chapter Includes Mathematica programs for calculating optical properties of interference filters and planar TPV system performance solution software
Development And Modelling Of A Thermophotovoltaic System
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Author : Giovanni Mattarolo
language : en
Publisher: kassel university press GmbH
Release Date : 2007
Development And Modelling Of A Thermophotovoltaic System written by Giovanni Mattarolo and has been published by kassel university press GmbH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Photovoltaic power generation categories.
Prospector Viii Thermophotovoltaics An Update On Dod Academic And Commercial Research
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Author : Auburn Univ. Space Power Inst
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Prospector Viii Thermophotovoltaics An Update On Dod Academic And Commercial Research written by Auburn Univ. Space Power Inst and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
Thermophotovoltaics is the technology for photoconverting energy to electricity from an incandescent source which can be heated from any heat source. This technology is unique and has great promise for the development of portable power sources for the Dismounted Soldier. Consequenfly, a workshop on Thermophotovoltaics - An Update of DoD, Academic and Commercial Research, was held at the Washington Duke Inn & Golf Club, on July 14-17, 1996, sponsored by the Army Research Office. To accomplish the objectives of the workshop, a group of scientists, active in the field, from government laboratories, industry and academia were invited to lecture on a wide range of topics germane to the emerging field of Thermophotovoltaics. The technical program consisted of plenary and state-of-the-art sessions covering as wide a range of relevant topics as the allotted time permitted. Recent advances in the technology associated with Thermophotovoltaics suggest that power systems could be built in the range from a few watts to greater than 500 watts which would impact the requirements for the Dismounted Soldier. As the Army becomes more mobile, a premium is to be paid for capability, reliability and minimal mass systems. Improvements in photovoltaics and emitters, in terms of reliability, size, weight, and energy efficiency might translate immediately into increased capability and, perhaps, reduced cost. For example, a fueled system only has to convert the energy stored in the fuel at an efficiency less than 2% (JP - 8) to produce a power supply that is as energetic as existing batteries. Field able technology rarely equals laboratory prototype or theoretical capability. Obstacles sometimes are fundamental and perhaps can be finessed through appropriate R & D, innovative techniques, and skillful engineering. This workshop attempted to explore a number of potential applications of Thermophotovoltaics for the military and civil sector.
Second Nrel Conference On Thermophotovoltaics
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Author : David S. Ginley
language : en
Publisher: American Institute of Physics
Release Date : 2000-04-14
Second Nrel Conference On Thermophotovoltaics written by David S. Ginley and has been published by American Institute of Physics this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-04-14 with Science categories.
This volume presents the proceedings of the second NREL Conference on Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity, held in Colorado Springs in July 1995. It is aimed at researchers, system engineers and policymakers in the electric power industry.
Thermophotovoltaics Bibliography
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Thermophotovoltaics Bibliography written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with categories.
A bibliography containing 180 entries on thermophotovoltaic conversion of energy between 1950 and 1994 has been compiled. The entries are categorized with respect to type and contents.
Tvs
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Author : Ivan Čelanović
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Tvs written by Ivan Čelanović and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
(Cont.) The second type of resonant thermal emitters rely on guided resonances in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab to enhance the emittance of a high-dielectric low-absorption material (e.g. silicon). Both types of resonant thermal emission sources are quasi-monochromatic, and partially-coherent thermal sources that hold great promise for applications ranging from highly-efficient TPV systems to near-IR and IR sensors. Finally, experimentally measured spectral characteristics of fabricated one-dimensional and two-dimensional photonic-crystals show excellent correlation with simulation results. It was shown that a TPV system comprising of the proposed front-side filter and selective thermal emitter exhibits a three-fold enhancement in efficiency over the conventional TPV systems.
Thermophotovoltaic Generation Of Electricity
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Author : Ashok Gopinath
language : en
Publisher: American Inst. of Physics
Release Date : 2004-12-07
Thermophotovoltaic Generation Of Electricity written by Ashok Gopinath and has been published by American Inst. of Physics this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-12-07 with Science categories.
Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) technology is a promising new means for the direct conversion of thermal to electric energy. This conference volume presents a broad range of peer-reviewed papers on various potential and current applications.
A Practical High Temperature Photonic Crystal For High Performance Thermophotovoltaics
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Author : Veronika Stelmakh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
A Practical High Temperature Photonic Crystal For High Performance Thermophotovoltaics written by Veronika Stelmakh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
This work presents the first practical selective emitter for high performance thermophotovoltaics (TPV) that offers high optical performance, high temperature stability, and the ability to be fabricated in large area samples. In a TPV system, a heat source brings the photonic crystal emitter to incandescence, and the resulting thermal radiation drives a low-bandgap photovoltaic cell. The photonic crystal enables high eciency by enhancing the radiation from the heat source in the wavelength range that can be converted by the photovoltaic cell and suppressing the radiation outside of that range. Our photonic crystal, composed of a square array of cylindrical cavities etched into a metallic substrate, enables unprecedented efficiencies in solar, radioisotope, and hydrocarbon TPV systems. We overcome multiple technical challenges previously limiting selective emitters by developing new fabrication processes to improve optical performance; by adopting commercial poly-crystalline tantalum to fabricate large-area samples; by developing a HfO2 passivation coating for improved thermo-chemical stability; and by developing a HfO2 cavity filing process for improved omnidirectional performance. More specically, we developed a process for fabrication of uniformly patterned 50 mm diameter photonic crystals, integratable with virtually any heat source by brazing. Furthermore, we fabricated a photonic crystal in a sputtered tantalum coating, which can be directly sputtered onto a heat source. Our photonic crystal design reaches 67% of the performance of an ideal emitter. To further improve the omnidirectional performance, we fabricated a filled-cavity emitter, which experimentally demonstrated the theoretical prediction that HfO2-filled photonic crystals would have superior hemispherical in-band emissivity. Both fabricated photonic crystal designs were tested for 300 hours at 100°C with no detectable degradation due to the passivation by HfO2. With our original design, we demonstrated the highest heat-to-electricity eciency in a hydrocarbon TPV experiment to-date, exceeding 4% and greater than previous 2-3% effissences thought to be the practical limit. Furthermore, we expect from simulations that our filled photonic crystal design will enable over 12% eciency with only engineering optimization. For reference, a 1.5% eciency corresponds to the energy density of lithium ion batteries.
