Three Essays In Agricultural And Natural Resource Economics
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Three Essays In Agricultural And Natural Resource Economics
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Author : Dallas Wayne Wood
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Three Essays In Agricultural And Natural Resource Economics written by Dallas Wayne Wood and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Three Essays On Natural Resource Economics Agricultural Policy And Food Policy
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Author : Xiangrui Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Three Essays On Natural Resource Economics Agricultural Policy And Food Policy written by Xiangrui Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
This dissertation consists of three independent papers in the field of Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics. The first paper is related to consumer-side water conservation policies. My coauthor and I introduce a structural water demand model based on the assumption that consumers are inattentive and apply a behavioral decision rule in water consumption. We found our model can capture our sample consumers behavior well, suggesting water conservation policies should incorporate non-price instrument to prod consumers for water saving. The second paper relates to the industrial organization and antitrust in the US beer market. My coauthor and I found that in a recent beer merger case, the justice department's divestiture requirement (a popular structural merger remedy tool) may not be effective in prevent merger brands' price from raising, at least in the short-run after the merger. This paper suggests that divestiture may fail as a merger remedy due to its certain idiosyncratic details. The third paper investigates the impact of corn production in US Midwest states on the US Reformulated Gasoline Program. We found that the US Reformulated Gasoline Program caused massive corn production in the Midwest, and the pollution from nitrogen-based fertilizer usage in agriculture reversely affect the efficacy of the Reformulated Gasoline Program, aiming to improve air quality.
Three Essays On Decision Making In Natural Resource Economics
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Author : Michael Patrick Brady
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Three Essays On Decision Making In Natural Resource Economics written by Michael Patrick Brady and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Agricultural innovations categories.
Abstract: The first two chapters look at differences between individual and group decision-making in economic environments. Using laboratory experiments the first chapter shows that group preferences for self-interest differ from those of individuals, but the direction and magnitude depends on the procedure governing how groups make decisions. The second chapter looks at the dynamics of group decision-making, which leads to an argument for looking at group decisions through the lens of reciprocity. The third chapter focuses on country level trends in agriculture to empirically investigate whether countries that increase agricultural productivity increase or decrease land in agriculture.
Three Essays On Demand Systems Estimation For Agricultural And Natural Resource Economics
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Author : Octavio Valdez Lafarga
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Three Essays On Demand Systems Estimation For Agricultural And Natural Resource Economics written by Octavio Valdez Lafarga and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Agriculture categories.
Three demand systems were estimated to examine demand sensitivity and welfare changes for each commodity under study. In the first essay, a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) was used to examine the effect of the Fukushima Daichi nuclear disaster on the demand for imported pelagic fish in the domestic Japanese market. The effect of the Fukushima Daichi nuclear disaster was measured using changes in demand after the disaster as well as measures of changes in social welfare changes caused by the disaster. A significant effect of the disaster on demand sensitivity measures was found, but no significant changes in welfare. In the second essay, a differential demand system examined the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on the demand for fresh tomatoes in the U.S. Market. It was found that the U.S. Dollar-Mexican Peso exchange rate had a significant positive effect on the demand for Mexican fresh tomatoes. In the third essay, a Hurdle Negative Binomial demand system was estimated for recreational trips to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness. This model was estimated using Bayesian methods to obtain parameter estimates that could not be obtained by maximum likelihood. The parameters were used to calculate recreational welfare measures for trips to seventy-two entry points.
Three Essays On The Economics Of Agricultural Production Behavior Renewable Natural Resources And Welfare Dynamics
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Author : Steven Wayne Wilcox
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Three Essays On The Economics Of Agricultural Production Behavior Renewable Natural Resources And Welfare Dynamics written by Steven Wayne Wilcox and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
The proportion of the world's population that directly interacts with agriculture and natural resources for their daily bread is declining amidst structural transformation (Timmer et al. 2009). Commensurately, the expectations and hopes placed on the remaining food and fiber producers in the world seems to ever increase, not only in terms of the provision of food and fiber, but increasingly in terms of environmental management and the conservation of intersecting natural resources (Blundo et al. 2018, Messerli et al. 2019, Wunder et al. 2020, Baylis et al. 2022). It is not a stretch to declare that there is a lot riding on the welfare of the food and fiber producers of the world (e.g., food security), and on the extent to which conditions that enhance the welfare of the farmer (gatherer) also enhance general welfare in matters beyond the direct provision of food and fiber (e.g., climate change, pollution control, and biodiversity conservation). To manage this state of affairs, the economics underpinning the production behavior of food and fiber producers and associated realized outcomes, are paramount to understand theoretically and to test empirically. In what follows, three applications are studied, each with a focus on a renewable natural resource of concern and an intersecting agricultural production sector where little to no empirical work has be done. The settings and questions are each broadly important and timely: * Do food price shocks cause deforestation, and if so how? * How do farmers decide whether to use managed pollination service markets, and are observed use patterns optimal? * Does the provision of index-based agricultural insurance lead to resource degradation, or improvement? Although on one level these topics are unrelated, the reality is that there are similar archetypal economic problems at the root of each of these questions, where the welfare of an agricultural agent, and the impacts from their production behavior, may or may not coincide with a social optimum. In chapter 2, evidence is presented that food price shocks, particularly for staples, can have significant impacts on deforestation (particularly through increases in price levels), that such shocks can drive smallholders to expand production broadly to address internal shocks to consumption and production, and that such land use change patterns can be casually miss-attributed to cash crop markets. In chapter 3, it is demonstrated that pollination dependent farmer's crop pollination behavior may be less static than has been presumed, that crop pollination behavior and production outcomes are influenced by adjacent land use and landscape heterogeneity, that there are diminishing returns to managed pollination use, and that reliance on pollination service markets is intimately related to the farmers production technology. In chapter 4, the roll-out of a successful index-based agricultural insurance product is studied at-scale, which theoretically might lead to resource degradation, or improvement (in this case for rangeland quality), and evidence is presented that resource degradation concerns may be over-blown, lending credence to the idea that addressing missing financial markets can enhance productivity and agent's welfare without degrading fundamental natural resource stocks.
Modern Agricultural And Resource Economics And Policy
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Author : Harry de Gorter
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-23
Modern Agricultural And Resource Economics And Policy written by Harry de Gorter and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-23 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume celebrates the life and career of Gordon Rausser, pioneer and leader in natural resource economics, while critically overviewing the emerging literature in the field. As the chair of the Agriculture and Resource Economics department at UC Berkeley, Rausser led the transformation of the department from a traditional agricultural economics department to a diverse resource economics department addressing issues of agriculture, food, natural resources, environmental economics, energy, and development. This book builds on this theme, showcasing not only the scope of Rausser's work but also key developments in the field. The volume is organized into two parts. The first part speaks about the lessons of Gordon Rausser's career, in particular, his role as a leader in different spheres, his capacity to integrate teaching and entrepreneurship, and his impact on the world food system. The second part will address some of the significant developments in the field he contributed to and how it relates to his work. The chapters include contributions from modern leaders in the economics field and cover diverse topics from many subfields including public policy, public finance, law, econometrics, macroeconomics, and water resources. Providing an excellent reference, as well as a celebration of a pivotal figure in the field, this volume will be useful for practitioners and scholars in agricultural and resource economics, especially the many individuals familiar with Gordon Rausser and his career.
Fire Carbon Timber And Trees
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Author : Adam Joseph Daigneault
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Fire Carbon Timber And Trees written by Adam Joseph Daigneault and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Environmental economics categories.
Abstract: This dissertation incorporates various estimation and modeling techniques to investigate important issues in natural resource and environmental economics. All of the empirical examples are tied to forestry, but the techniques used in this research can be applied to many issues in agricultural, environmental, and development economics. The first essay, Optimal Forest Rotations with Environmental Values and Endogenous Fire Risk, presents an economic model that solves for the optimal economic harvest problem of an even-aged stand with the risk of a forest fire and the potential for carbon sequestration benefits. The model incorporates risk-reducing management practices (thinning) that allow risk and growth to be endogenous and is solved using numerical simulation techniques. Results show that higher carbon prices increase the length of rotations regardless of the probability of fire, that there is an increase in management as the stand approaches economic maturity, and that thinning can provide economical and environmental benefits, even when there is a high probability of fire. The second essay, Estimating the Dynamic Factors of Derived Demand for Regional Softwood Stumpage Markets in the United States, uses two econometric models to differentiate between short-run and long-run responses to market fluctuations to estimate the elasticities of supply and demand for regional softwood stumpage. This approach is not common in the U.S. timber and wood production literature that often assumes a static equilibrium or instantaneous factor adjustment. Results indicate that elasticities fluctuate over time and region, and the differences between short-run and long-run measurements can be large due to the slow adjustment of capital stock. The third essay, Exchange Rates and the Competitiveness of the United States Timber Sector in a Global Economy, uses a dynamic optimization model of global timber markets to examine how different exchange rates affect global timber supply. A baseline and six alternative scenarios are constructed under the assumption that exchange rates affect the cost structure of harvesting and managing forests. Results indicate that the US forestry sector is sensitive to both strong US $ policies and to weak South American currencies, with the strong dollar policy having the largest effect on domestic supply.
Three Essays In Development Economics
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Author : Joshua Gill
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Three Essays In Development Economics written by Joshua Gill and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Electronic dissertations categories.
The number of people living in poverty is still very high and the progress we have made so far has been very uneven across countries, regions, and subgroups of people. Given that most of the rural poor derive their livelihood from agriculture, it has the potential to serve as a very potent tool for achieving the dual goals of poverty reduction and shared prosperity. However, the internal and external constraints faced by these households limit upward mobility. The three essays in this dissertation study how the rural poor in Pakistan make choices and how better program design can alleviate the constraints they face. The first essay investigates the participation decision of smallholder paddy farmers in a Warehouse Receipts Financing (WRF) program which can mitigate their credit and storage constraints, allowing them to increase their incomes. We a discrete choice experiment approach to study the decision-making process and find risk aversion and transaction cost erode the benefits for smallholder farmers making it an unattractive prospect. We find that likelihood of participation can be increased through better contract design which lower cost of participation and reduce exposure to price uncertainty. These findings have important implications for the optimal design of warehouse receipt financing contracts, as well as their general feasibility for marketing to small farmers. It also highlights that programs aimed to uplift smallholder farmers should not only address constraints of circumstance (e.g. access) but also internal constraints (e.g. risk aversion). The second essay aims to alleviate information constraints regrading fertilizer usage as its indiscriminate and faulty use can affect soil health. Evidence shows that soil quality in Pakistan has been deteriorating which can be partially explain by poor nutrient management. In this study we conducted soil tests and provided recommendations on use of organic and inorganic fertilizer.This study uses an experimental design with two treatment arms and a control group which received no information and its soil was not tested. The base treatment provided farmers with information on their soil health and recommended fertilizer use condition on the crops they cultivate. The second treatment arm complemented this information with a peer comparison which was used an encouragement mechanism to improve the efficacy of information provided. The study highlights some important constraints to information dissemination and provides some evidence on the use of peer comparison as a potential tool to improve efficacy of information campaigns. We see a statistically significant increase in manure usage and a heterogenous impact on Urea use but no impact on the overall fertilizer use. We find that farmers they were already using close to the recommended amount (within 1 bag deviation) increased their urea application rate. These findings suggest two underlying mechanisms at play. First, it alludes to liquidity constraints as farmers increased manure use which is cheap and those who could already afford higher quantities of Urea were able to respond to the recommendation of increasing application rates. The fact that we do not see impact on DAP further gives credence to this assumption as DAP is close to 3 times the cost of Urea. Alternatively, it could be that farmers who were away from the suggested fertilizer amounts did not trust the recommendations. The third essay studies the dynamics of warehouse receipts financing (WRF) demand by small scale risk averse farmers in Pakistan. A dynamic model is used to investigate how risk and time preferences, transaction costs, and uncertainty reduce demand for WRF, and even lead to non-participation in the program. The model is calibrated and solved for a representative small-scale farmer that grows paddy. Results show high transaction costs to be a major barrier to participation. Similarly, expectations about future prices also affect participation which drops to zero if the subjective probability of prices falling goes beyond 10 percent.
Essays In Environmental And Natural Resource Policy
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Author : Aaron George Benson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Essays In Environmental And Natural Resource Policy written by Aaron George Benson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
This dissertation is a collection of investigations of environmental and natural resource policy. These three essays focus on the difficulty of rectifying the distortions caused by externalities associated with use of environmental and natural resource amenities.
Essays On Agricultural And Resource Economics
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Essays On Agricultural And Resource Economics written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
My dissertation provides theoretical and empirical contributions to investigate the roles and sources of the technological innovation and the productivity growth via three essays. Employing the patent count and citation data over 1977-2011, the first chapter explores the determining factors of innovations of the U.S. biofuel. I confirm that the knowledge stocks existing in the industry and the crude oil price significantly affect the technological innovations of biofuel in U.S. The second chapter investigates the productivity growth in major dairy production regions in U.S. I show that the emerging dairy regions have relatively higher productivity than the traditional regions. Dynamic decomposition results indicate that surviving farms contribute more than entering and exiting farms. Farm and regional driving forces of farm productivity are also examined. The third chapter investigates landowners' decisions on the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) under a model of land uses. I develop a structural model to examine the manner in which agricultural productivity, market conditions, and CRP payment affect landowner's land use decisions. A novel identification strategy is employed to control for endogeneity of CRP payment and landowners' self-selection into the program. The parameter estimates are used to simulate the impact of increased agricultural prices and CRP payment on the program enrollment and costs.