Three Essays In Entrepreneurial Financial Markets
DOWNLOAD
Download Three Essays In Entrepreneurial Financial Markets PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Three Essays In Entrepreneurial Financial Markets book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Three Essays In Entrepreneurial Financial Markets
DOWNLOAD
Author : Steven H. Wagner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Three Essays In Entrepreneurial Financial Markets written by Steven H. Wagner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Economics categories.
"Theorists have shown how credit enhancement in the generic form of collateral can mitigate market failures in credit markets. None of these models has explained, however, why a guarantee rather than collateral will appear in the equilibrium debt contract. In the first essay, I develop optimal debt contracting models under moral hazard to show that lower transactions costs associated with guarantees make them more efficient than collateral. The guarantee contract is feasible, however, only if the business owner is sufficiently wealthy relative to the loan amount. This result suggests that market failure may occur if a small business owner with a high-return project has inadequate personal wealth to guarantee a loan. The second essay in this dissertation uses data from the 2003 Survey of Small Business Finances to empirically test the predictions of the first essay. I estimate both multinomial logit and ordered probit models to examine the effect of guarantor wealth on the equilibrium enhancement structure for lines of credit. I find that increasing owner wealth results in an increased likelihood that a line of credit will be enhanced with only a personal guarantee and a decreased likelihood that the line of credit will be secured with collateral. I also find that use of the more efficient guarantee is less prevalent when the borrower is located in a non-competitive banking market. Both results are consistent with predictions of the first essay. Relationships between small businesses and financial intermediaries are generally viewed only as mechanisms that arise to mitigate informational asymmetries in credit markets. In the third essay, I use a pooled cross section of the 1988, 1993, 1998 and 2003 Surveys of Small Business Finances to study relationships between small businesses and their primary source of financial services. I find evidence that mechanisms other than mitigation of informational asymmetries in credit transactions influence the structure and benefits associated with maintaining relationships. I also find that the two empirical measures of relationship strength decreased between 1988 and 2003 as the small business credit market was being transformed by bank consolidation, financial deregulation and technological innovation in small business lending."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Three Essays On Entrepreneurship And Personal Finance
DOWNLOAD
Author : Derek Potter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Three Essays On Entrepreneurship And Personal Finance written by Derek Potter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Self-employment and the operation of private businesses form an important sector of the U.S. labor market, accounting for over 400,000 new organizations launched annually in recent years and nearly two-thirds of job creation according to the Small Business Administration. Yet, ownership of a business is fraught with financial risks, leading some economists to suggest that the average lifetime earnings of private business owners trail those of traditional employment. The three essays that follow explore (a) the motives that may drive people to pursue entrepreneurship despite the financial risk, (b) the asset allocation behavior of practicing entrepreneurs, and (c) the resulting satisfaction levels of those who transition into entrepreneurship. The first essay examines a population of users in the pre-launch phase of business development. Past research has suggested that given the lower expected financial returns from entrepreneurship that motivations to launch a business might be driven by preferences for high degrees of autonomy, overly optimistic assessments of financial outcomes, or higher risk preferences. Measures of each of these phenomena are included in a cohesive model guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior along with other relevant variables. Logistic regression predicting intent to launch a business in the future reveals that more general attitudes towards entrepreneurship increase the likelihood of interest in business ownership, while financial motivations are tied to decreased likelihood. The second essay examines the impact of business ownership during the operation of the business. Granted that business owners possess illiquid private organizations, Modern Portfolio Theory might predict that they reduce exposure to other risky asset classes (e.g., stocks). This essay examines stock ownership with consideration given to entrepreneurial status as well as the level of risk exposure stemming from owning a business. Logistic regression using data from the 2016 Survey of Consumer Finances reveals that business owners are less likely to participate in the stock market. An Ordinary Least Squares regression modeling the ratio of equity to total financial assets, however, reveals no significant differences in levels of equity ownership among business owners and the traditionally employed. Collectively, these findings may indicate that entrepreneurs face initial barriers to stock market investment that later fade if participation in the equity market does begin. Finally, the third essay utilizes longitudinal 2008-2014 Health and Retirement Study data to examine levels of job, financial, and life satisfaction. Variable selection is guided by the Job-Demand-Control model, and three random effects cumulative logits are produced. Findings suggest that transitions into entrepreneurship are associated with increased odds of job satisfaction but reduced odds of financial or life satisfaction. Results from these three studies imply that individuals might pursue entrepreneurship for non-financial reasons. However, engaging in the launch of a business could affect financial decision making and asset allocation behavior, as well as subsequent levels of satisfaction with personal finances and life. Implications for organizations and professionals who support prospective entrepreneurs are discussed.
Three Essays On Financial Markets
DOWNLOAD
Author : Pawan Jain
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Three Essays On Financial Markets written by Pawan Jain and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
This dissertation is composed of three essays. The first essay investigates the information content of the limit order book (LOB) on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SHSE), a purely order-driven market, for predicting future stock price volatility. We find that the LOB supply schedule consistently and significantly predicts the future price volatility. But this predictive power of LOB declines during the extreme market wide movements. We also find that buy orders are more informative over future price volatility than sell orders but sell (buy) orders becomes more informative during the extreme market wide down (up) movement days. Finally, we document that predictive power of LOB is short lived and markets are efficient over the longer time horizon. The second essay examines the effect of high frequency trading on market quality, systemic risk and trading strategies. In 2010 the Tokyo Stock Exchange, the largest exchange headquartered outside the US, introduced a new trading platform, Arrowhead, which reduced latency by 99.97% and increased co-located high-frequency trading from zero to 36% of volume. Arrowhead improved market liquidity and reduced volatility, but it also amplified systematic risks factors like quotes to trade ratio, order-flow autocorrelation and cross correlation, and tail risks. Arrowhead also affected trading strategies by increasing trade price predictability and the use of fleeting orders. Cost of immediacy serves as a channel through which reduced latency affects market quality, systematic risks, and trading outcome. The third essay analyzes the links between corporate finance policies and investment clienteles by comparing the cross-sectional variation in the dividend payout policies of companies across 32 countries. Beyond the impact of firm-specific accounting and financial variables, this study investigates how the country level variations: shareholder demand due to demographic variations and consumption needs, agency problems manifested in the extent of minority shareholder protection and business disclosures, and market quality in terms of transparency and liquidity; affect dividend payout policies. We find that firms have generous dividend payout policies when diverse shareholder demands are strong, extents of business disclosures and legal protections are weak, and the market qualities are poor. The empirical evidence supports the presence of strong dividend clienteles in a global setting. .
Three Essays On Financial Markets And Monetary Policy
DOWNLOAD
Author : Conglin Xu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Three Essays On Financial Markets And Monetary Policy written by Conglin Xu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Three Essays On Entrepreneurial Finance
DOWNLOAD
Author : Moein Karami
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Three Essays On Entrepreneurial Finance written by Moein Karami and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
This dissertation aims to shed light on dynamics of new forms of entrepreneurial finance, in general, and crowdfunding, in particular, from three different following aspects. First, we conduct an exhaustive search of all media reports on Kickstarter campaign fraud allegations from 2010 through 2015, and determine campaign features that are associated with a higher probability of observing fraud, using multiple matched samples of non-fraudulent campaigns. We also document the short-term negative consequence of possible breaches of trust in the market, using a sample of more than 270,000 crowdfunding campaigns posted from 2010 through 2018 on Kickstarter. Our results show that crowdfunding projects launched around a significant misconduct detection on Kickstarter tend to have a lower probability of success, raise less funds, and attract fewer backers. Second, using a sample of 230,255 crowdfunding campaigns (2013-2018) on Kickstarter and drawing upon previous empirical evidence, the statistically significant effect of five variables on campaign success is documented. To date, numerous studies have focused on determining factors affecting crowdfunding success, however, it is extremely difficult to compare results across papers as each use incompatible specifications, and different control variables. The identified variables aim to measure the intensity of competition, creator's crowdfunding experience, project quality & creator confidence, portal recognition, and project size. Furthermore, the effect of campaign creator's citizenship, as well as project location, on funding success is investigated. Third, and drawing upon previous findings on the effect of biological factors on investment behavior and entrepreneurship, a significant positive relationship between fWHR (facial Width-to-Height Ratio) of the hedge fund managers in the sample (1994-2016) and fund's risk is documented. The association between facial masculinity of male entrepreneurs and their fund-raising outcome is also investigated using a sample of ABC channel's "Shark Tank" show (2009-2014). The results are in line with previous findings on the positive correlation between fWHR and testosterone; a hormone which its role in describing behavioral patterns such as competitiveness and risk-taking is well-established. The study sheds light on the factors that are not incorporated in economic models, but may significantly affect financial risk-taking and performance, as well as entrepreneurial outcomes.
Three Essays In Financial Markets The Bright Side Of Financial Derivatives Options Trading And Firm Innovation
DOWNLOAD
Author : Iván Blanco
language : en
Publisher: Ed. Universidad de Cantabria
Release Date : 2019-02-15
Three Essays In Financial Markets The Bright Side Of Financial Derivatives Options Trading And Firm Innovation written by Iván Blanco and has been published by Ed. Universidad de Cantabria this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-15 with Business & Economics categories.
Do financial derivatives enhance or impede innovation? We aim to answer this question by examining the relationship between equity options markets and standard measures of firm innovation. Our baseline results show that firms with more options trading activity generate more patents and patent citations per dollar of R&D invested. We then investigate how more active options markets affect firms' innovation strategy. Our results suggest that firms with greater trading activity pursue a more creative, diverse and risky innovation strategy. We discuss potential underlying mechanisms and show that options appear to mitigate managerial career concerns that would induce managers to take actions that boost short-term performance measures. Finally, using several econometric specifications that try to account for the potential endogeneity of options trading, we argue that the positive effect of options trading on firm innovation is causal.
Essays In Financial Frictions Entrepreneurship And Economic Development
DOWNLOAD
Author : Rasim Burak Uras
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Essays In Financial Frictions Entrepreneurship And Economic Development written by Rasim Burak Uras and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Electronic dissertations categories.
This dissertation consists of three essays that study the economic implications of financial frictions on entrepreneurial investment decision making and aggregate economic performance. The first essay studies investment horizon choice of a distribution of entrepreneurs when a fraction of the financiers within the economy consists of impatient type of lenders. The second essay studies the effects of financial contract enforcement in promoting productive entrepreneurship and economic development. The third essay studies the link between financial development and entrepreneurial capital-labor management. In the first essay, I study the effects of incomplete insurance in financial contracts on risk taking, investment horizon choice and productivity of a distribution of heterogeneous entrepreneurs. I develop a highly-stylized three-period OLG model in which young financiers are heterogeneous in terms of their liquidity needs. As a result, in the model only a fraction of financiers are patient enough to consider their long term lending opportunities. The lending options of financiers are short and long term and any combination of both which result in either short term or long term investment projects undertaken by entrepreneurs. In this setting, equilibrium investment composition (short term vs. long term) and productivity levels of entrepreneurs are determined by their intrinsic entrepreneurial ability distribution, as well as by the fraction of the patient type of financiers in the economy. When productivity improves, entrepreneurial firms increase their capital investment; however, whether they shift to long term oriented projects or not is strongly linked with the liquidity needs of the financiers. Cross-country data shows a positive correlation between a nation's contract enforcement level and its ability to adopt modern technologies. In the second essay of my dissertation, I study the role entrepreneurial incentives play in shaping this empirical observation. I develop and solve a life-cycle model with limited financial contract enforcement, entrepreneurial heterogeneity (ability and financial pledgeability) and technology choice. In the model production processes can be undertaken using either the Traditional or the Modern technology. Depending on the entrepreneurial ability, the modern technology can be more productive relative to the traditional technology, but the former requires a long-term investment making entrepreneur's pledgeability important in his choice. In equilibrium the level of contract enforcement and entrepreneurial characteristics endogenously determine (1) the investment size and (2) the technology choice. Key results of the paper indicate that when financial contract enforcement is weak, the investment size and the intensity of modern technology use of entrepreneurial firms are positively correlated with financial pledgeability. Collateral-building associated with short term investment is important for the results. I calibrate the model to study its quantitative properties. Quantitative experiments illustrate sizeable positive effects of financial contract enforcement on aggregate output and aggregate modern technology adoption for the U.S. economy. Furthermore, counterfactual analysis shows that if financial contract enforcement in Turkey (a low enforcement economy) improves to the U.S. level (a high enforcement economy), output rises by 13-15%; and one third of this change is due to the increase in the rate of modern technology adoption. The third essay in my dissertation provides a quantitative analysis on the effects of firm level financial characteristics in explaining the observed industry-wide productivity heterogeneity in U.S. firm level data. In the first part of the essay, I develop a model in which the interplay between capital and financial market frictions endogenously determine capital-labor ratio decisions of entrepreneurial firms. In this economy capital is costly to rent to some producers due to investment related moral hazard. Therefore, it is beneficial for such entrepreneurs to purchase the capital good instead of renting it. Entrepreneurs can internalize the cost of capital by borrowing in the financial market. However, the amount which can be borrowed is constrained by an entrepreneurs financial market reputation (pledgeability) and his financial asset liquidity (collateral). In equilibrium, firms with lower pledgeability and/or lower liquidity become more labor intensive relative to firms with higher pledgeability and/or liquidity. Distortions to capital rental rates augment the sensitivity of capital-labor choice with respect to firm level financial pledgeability and liquidity. In the second part of the essay, the analytical results are tested in a panel data analysis. Using proxies for "labor intensive production", "financial pledgeability", and "financial asset liquidity" for a large sample of U.S. firms from Compustat North America, I show that low pledgeability and low asset liquidity are associated with labor intensive production. The third part of the essay provides a quantitative analysis. I choose seven major industries in the U.S. economy. For these industries, I show that ability to borrow against financial pledgeability and asset liquidity mitigate the distortionary effects of non-uniform capital rental rates and decrease intra-industry productivity dispersion while increasing industry total factor productivity by quantitatively important proportions. However, there are differential effects of financial pledgeability and financial asset liquidity on aggregate industry performance. My results suggest that the way sectoral firms benefit from the presence of financial pledgeability and asset liquidity depend on sector specific characteristics.
Three Essays On Labor Market Frictions Under Firm Entry And Financial Business Cycles
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jeremy Rastouil
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Three Essays On Labor Market Frictions Under Firm Entry And Financial Business Cycles written by Jeremy Rastouil and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
During the Great Recession, the interactions between housing, labor and entry highlight the existence of narrow propagation channels between these markets. The aim of this thesis is to shed a light on labor market interactions with firm entry and financial business cycles, by building on the recent theoretical and empirical of DSGE models. In the first chapter, we have found evidence of the key role of the net entry as an amplifying mechanism for employment dynamics. Introducing search and matching frictions, we have studied from a new perspective the cyclicality of the mark-up compared to previous researches that use Walrasian labor market. We found a less countercyclical markup due to the acyclical aspect of the marginal cost in the DMP framework and a reduced role according to firm's entry in the cyclicality of the markup. In the second chapter, we have linked the borrowing capacity of households to their employment situation on the labor market. With this new microfoundation of the collateral constraint, new matches on the labor market translate into more mortgages, while separation induces an exclusion from financial markets for jobseekers. As a result, the LTV becomes endogenous by responding procyclically to employment fluctuations. We have shown that this device is empirically relevant and solves the anomalies of the standard collateral constraint. In the last chapter, we extend the analysis developed in the previous one by integrating collateral constrained firms in order to have a more complete financial business cycle. The first result is that an entrepreneur collateral constraint integrating capital, real commercial estate and wage bill in advance is empirically relevant compared to the collateral literature associated to the labor market which does not consider these three assets. The second finding is the role of the housing price and credit squeezes in the rise of the unemployment rate during the Great Recession. The last two chapters have important implications for economic policy. A structural deregulation reform in the labor market induces a significant rise in the debt level for households and housing price, combined with a substantial rise of firm debt. Our approach allows us to reveal that a macroprudential policy aiming to tighten the LTV ratio for household borrowers has positive effects in the long run for output and employment, while tightening LTV ratios for entrepreneurs leads to the opposite effect.
Three Essays On Financial Market Credibility In Latin America
DOWNLOAD
Author : James Frank Refalo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Three Essays On Financial Market Credibility In Latin America written by James Frank Refalo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
Three Essays On Financial Markets And Banking
DOWNLOAD
Author : Christoph Bertsch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Three Essays On Financial Markets And Banking written by Christoph Bertsch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Banks and banking categories.
This thesis comprises theoretical work on nancial markets and banking. The rst essay features a model of liquidity provision. I analyze how the severity of adverse selection problems in one market is a ected if alternative sources of nance, which are not subject to adverse selection problems, become more easily available. In particular, I nd that the adverse selection problem can be either mitigated or ampli ed, giving rise to new implications for equilibrium welfare, e ciency and policy. Furthermore, I examine how and under what conditions a central bank can address a market failure during a nancial crisis by using existing market institutions to re-allocate liquidity in the economy. The second essay develops a new contagion mechanism in coordination games. With our model we o er an explanation why a contagious spread of a crisis can occur even if agents learn that their country (or bank) is not exposed to crisis events elsewhere. What is more, we show that the likelihood of a spread of the crisis can be higher if agents learn that their country is not exposed to the crisis in the other country, than if agents stay uninformed about the actual exposure and believe that a cross-country exposure is possible. The third essay examines the e ect of state aid on the collective competitive behavior in a repeated-game setting. We consider an application to the banking sector and nd that a systematic bailout regime may increase the likelihood of (tacit) collusion in an industry characterized by idiosyncratic shocks. The reason being that state aid increases the expected pro ts from cooperation and simultaneously raises the probability that competitors will still be in business to carry out punishment against cheaters.