Three Essays In Time Series And Personnel Economics
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Three Essays In Time Series And Personnel Economics
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Author : Razvan Constantin Pascalau
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Three Essays In Time Series And Personnel Economics written by Razvan Constantin Pascalau and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Three Essays In Personnel Economics
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Author : David Jonathan Brlan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Three Essays In Personnel Economics written by David Jonathan Brlan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with categories.
Three Essays In The Econometrics Of Time Series
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Author : Chung-Hua Shen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Three Essays In The Econometrics Of Time Series written by Chung-Hua Shen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Demand for money categories.
Three Essays On The Analysis Of Economic Time Series
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Author : Christopher Everett Field
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Three Essays On The Analysis Of Economic Time Series written by Christopher Everett Field and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
Three Essays In Applied Time Series Econometrics
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Author : Taylor Collins
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Three Essays In Applied Time Series Econometrics written by Taylor Collins and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Econometrics categories.
This dissertation is composed of four chapters. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the paper by highlighting some of the key economic questions, econometric methods, and conclusions that this paper chronicles. In Chapter 2, I conduct a range of unit root tests on the unemployment rates of 30 OECD countries. The objective of these tests are to use modern data and methods to update an old line of research that endeavors to uncover the most appropriate way to model unemployment. I find less evidence supporting Structural theories of unemployment than have prior studies in this field. In Chapter 3, I turn my attention to US monetary policy. Specifically, I utilize a new estimation technique called the Beverage-Nelson Filter to construct output gaps for use in an introductory Taylor Rule study. I revisit a marquee paper from John Taylor, conduct a structural change test of Bai and Perron, and utilize a wide modeling of monetary policy rules. I find that the Federal Funds Rate displayed as strong an adherence to baseline Taylor Rules through the 1960s as in any other era. Chapter 4 then turns the focus to New Zealand monetary policy and their role as the world's first inflation targeting country. In this chapter, I study the effects of the inflation rate and it's forecasted value for the following two years on New Zealand's Official Cash Rate and the country's Industrial Production Index. Using a set of Threshold Regressions and VAR Regressions, I find that New Zealand's interest rate responds much more strongly to the medium-run projected inflation than it does to inflation that is realized or projected to occur in the short run. I also find evidence that production in New Zealand is more responsive to changes in projected inflation than to changers in the interest rate.
Hiring Recessions And Careers
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Author : Eliza Carla Forsythe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Hiring Recessions And Careers written by Eliza Carla Forsythe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Workers find wage-growth and job-satisfaction by building careers. However a worker's ability to string together a sequence of jobs relies on the availability of appropriate opportunities either within their current firm or in other firms in the market. In this thesis, I investigate how variation in the labor market affects this career building process. In the first chapter, I find that career opportunities are scarce for young workers during recessions, and use theory and evidence to argue that this is due to firms choosing to hire more experienced workers instead. In the second chapter, I find that firms reallocate their employees between occupations during recessions, leading workers to receive lower wages and be employed in lower-quality occupations. In the third chapter, I develop a model to explain why workers change firms when opportunities exist within the firm. I show that heterogeneity in firms' production functions and human capital acquisition are sufficient to generate these movements. More specifically, in the first two chapters I use data from the CPS to study reallocations over the business cycle. In Chapter 1, I find that during recessions the probability of being hired falls for young workers, while for experienced workers it rises. I develop a model and show this fact can be explained by firms choosing to hire workers with greater work experience when labor markets are slack. My model provides the distinctive prediction that during recessions, young workers will match with lower-quality jobs and receive lower wages while experienced workers will exhibit no change in either dimension. I develop occupational quality indices using O*NET and OES data and find evidence consistent with both predictions, suggesting that firms' hiring behavior actively contributes to negative outcomes for young workers during recessions. In Chapter 2, I document that occupational mobility is counter-cyclical. I show this is driven by an increase in occupational mobility within firms. I show that these within-firm occupation changers lose ground during recessions, matching with lower-quality jobs and receiving lower wages. Combined with the recessionary increase in within-firm mobility, these results suggest a previously undiscovered cost of recessions borne by employed workers. Finally, in Chapter 3, I develop a model that demonstrates how career-advancing inter-firm mobility can persist despite the possibility of within-firm mobility. I argue that many of these movements are driven by firm heterogeneity and human capital acquisition and show such a model can capture three key empirical regularities: experienced workers are hired into advanced positions, wages rise more at movements between positions (within and between firms) than at stays in the current firm, and external hires tend to have different qualifications than internal promotees. JEL Classification: E24, J62, M51.
Three Essays In Labor Economics
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Author : Carlos Yevenes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Three Essays In Labor Economics written by Carlos Yevenes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
In the first chapter we examine the relationship between consumption growth, agents' self-reported layoff probabilities and effective layoff rates for evidence of bias in behavior. Agents' reports about the probability of a job loss differ substantially from the true layoff chance and this paper studies to what extent those reports can explain variation in consumption growth for individuals with similar objective probabilities. if agents with comparable layoff rates behave similarly no matter what they report about a future job loss, it would provide evidence in favor of what we call the unbiased hypothesis in behavior. On the contrary, if individuals whose layoff rates are similar but who differ regarding their reported probabilities behave differently, it would suggest the existence of bias in behavior. The econometric model uses reported layoff probabilities elicited in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) as an indicator variable of beliefs and rational expectation probabilities. The estimation analysis performs 2SLS and control function procedures to consider the high concentration of focal answers observed in the distribution of reported probabilities. The estimates are consistent with evidence against the rational expectations hypothesis in behavior. Specifically, it is found that an increase in 1pp in the subjective probability generates an increase in reports of about 0.3pp. The second chapter is about the effects of an educational policy on some relevant outcomes. There is ample evidence of the positive impacts of education on economic outcomes. However, there can also be some unwanted effects. We obtain empirical support from the 1998 Chilean school reform that increased the hours of education required to get a high school diploma. We take advantage of variations in the intensity of its implementation in different provinces and the differing degrees of exposure to the reform of different cohorts to perform a difference in difference estimation. These estimates show that the reform produced some unwanted distributional effects. In particular, results show that the impact of the Chilean school reform aimed at increasing the time spent at school by 30% resulted in a decrease of 0.01 in the high school graduation rate, an increase in crime resulting in about a 0.001 greater probability of being incarcerated, an increase of 0.017 in the unemployment rate, and an increase of about 10% in average wages. The third chapter examines some short-run effects of a social assistance reform that was implemented in Chile in 2008. The reform was targeted at households that are below the 60th income percentile and aimed at increasing their income by around three times the previous social assistance pensions. Difference in difference estimates show that the reform brought about an increase of about 60\% in the income of public pensioners and a decrease in the labor participation rate of seniors of about 0.1.
Three Essays In Labor Economics And Public Finance
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Author : Carolina Rodríguez-Zamora
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Three Essays In Labor Economics And Public Finance written by Carolina Rodríguez-Zamora and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
This dissertation consists of three essays. The first one brings together the areas of public and labor economics by developing a hypothesis that relates optimal taxation and time use. Using Mexican data on household time use and consumption, we find significant substitution between goods and time in home production and different elasticities of substitution for different house-hold commodities. Adding these findings to the optimal tax problem, we show it is optimal to impose higher taxes on market goods used in the production of commodities with a lower elasticity of substitution between goods and time. This is an analog of the classical Corlett and Hague (1953) result, differing in that we allow for the possibility of substitution between goods and time in the production of commodities. The second chapter is about international migration, in the area of labor economics. On one hand, surveillance of the border between Mexico and the United States by the U.S. government has increased dramatically over the last two decades. On the other hand, undocumented Mexican migrants often make multiple trips between the two countries. Thus, my hypothesis is that these migrants respond to heightened surveillance by increasing the length of stay of the current trip. I estimate a semi-parametric hazard model following Meyer (1990). Using data from the Mexican Migration Project I find no evidence that border enforcement affects the hazard of leaving the U.S. by undocumented Mexican Immigrants. The last essay is about mother's time and children related expenditures. Using data from the Mexican Time Use Survey and the National Household Survey of Income and Expenditure from 2002, I examine the time Mexican mothers dedicate to taking care of their children and the amount of money spent by the household in raising children. The main contribution of this paper is that it analyzes child care time use and child care expenditures simultaneously. The age of the youngest child is the most important determinant of both child care time and money expenditures. It is the case that more educated mothers spend more money on their children. With respect to child care time use, more educated mothers spend more or less time with their children depending on whether they are working or non-working mothers. At all levels of non-mother's income, working mothers spend significantly more money relative to time in child care than non-working mothers. For both groups the ratio of money over time increases at a decreasing rate; however, for non-working mothers the income expansion path is much flatter.
Essays In Labor Economics
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Author : Nicholas Anthony Carollo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Essays In Labor Economics written by Nicholas Anthony Carollo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
This dissertation contains three essays in labor economics with a focus on economic and institutional differences in regional labor markets. It separately explores the causes and consequences of two major trends in the United States - the declining geographic concentration of immigrant location choices and the increasing prevalence of state-level occupational licensing requirements. Chapter one shows that the geographic concentration of the foreign-born population in the United States fell sharply between 1980 and 2010 as immigrants were increasingly drawn to areas with historically low migrant inflows. This trend was driven primarily by the changing location choices of new immigrant cohorts, though secondary migration has played a minor role as well. An analysis of the determinants of location choice across four decades suggests that immigrants remain highly responsive to local labor market conditions, but the traditionally strong pull of ethnic enclaves has diminished over time. Chapter two describes the construction of a novel dataset that compiles over one hundred years of occupational licensing, certification, and registration requirements in all fifty states and the District of Columbia. The data are assembled through a comprehensive analysis of numerous primary and secondary sources and currently identify major state and federal policy changes for 250 unique occupation categories. It is the first occupational licensing database to link each policy to both current statutes or administrative regulations, as well as to historical legislation covering the entire twentieth century. A comprehensive analysis of state session laws, in particular, allows me to observe the exact text of all legislative acts enacting, amending, or replacing statutes that reference specific occupations. Using the content of these laws, I record the enactment and effective dates of regulatory changes and several variables that characterize the type of regulation that was adopted. Relative to existing sources, my data offer a significantly longer time series, the ability to observe superseded legislation, and a more complete coding of legal prohibitions that differentiates between practice and title restrictions. Chapter three studies the short- and long-run impact of occupational licensing on labor market outcomes in the United States using the data described in chapter two. I implement an event study design that exploits within-occupation variation in the timing of licensing statutes across states to trace out the dynamic response of earnings and employment to policy changes. I find consistent evidence across several independent employer and household surveys that the typical licensing statute adopted during the past half-century increased worker earnings, but had null or weakly positive effects on employment. Twenty-five years after licensing statutes were adopted, cumulative wage growth in treated state-occupation cells exceeded that of untreated controls by 4 to 7%. Over the same time period, my results rule out an average disemployment effect greater than -5%. The data show much larger decreases in employment, however, among occupations that have little potential to cause serious harm. In cases where the consumer protection rationale for licensing is more plausible, I find simultaneous increases in both earnings and employment following the adoption of licensing requirements.
Essays On Personnel Economics In Low Income Countries
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Author : Christina L. Brown
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Essays On Personnel Economics In Low Income Countries written by Christina L. Brown and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
A key question in personnel economics is how best to motivate and incentivize workers. In this dissertation, I investigate how different incentive systems affect workers' effort and decision on where to work. Rewarding different aspects of workers' performance may allow firms to prioritize certain outcomes and may attract and retain different types of employees who are more or less drawn to particular contracts. Finally, certain incentive schemes may benefit or harm certain sub-groups of employees, especially when there is subjectivity introduced into the evaluation scheme.In the first chapter, joint with Tahir Andrabi, we study whether performance incentives lead to sorting of teachers. Attracting and retaining high-quality teachers has a large social benefit, but it is challenging for schools to identify good teachers ex-ante. We use teachers' contract choices and a randomized controlled trial of performance pay with 7,000 teachers in 243 private schools in Pakistan to study whether performance pay affects the composition of teachers. Consistent with adverse selection models, we find that performance pay induces positive sorting: both among teachers with higher latent ability and among those with a more elastic effort response to incentives. Teachers also have better information about these dimensions of type than their principals. Using two additional treatments, we show effects are more pronounced among teachers with better information about their quality and teachers with lower switching costs. Accounting for these sorting effects, the total effect of performance pay on test scores is twice as large as the direct effect on the existing stock of teachers, suggesting that analyses that ignore sorting effects may substantially understate the effects of performance pay.In the second chapter, joint with Tahir Andrabi, we investigate how different types of incentive pay affect employee behavior. A central challenge facing schools is how to incentivize teachers. While high-powered incentives can motivate effort, they can lead teachers to distort effort away from non-incentivized outcomes. This is one reason why most performance incentives allow for manager subjectivity. However, this subjectivity can introduce new concerns, including favoritism and bias. We study the effect of subjective versus objective performance incentives on teacher productivity using the same randomized controlled trial discussed in chapter 1. We estimate the effect of two performance raise treatments versus a control condition, in which all teachers receive the same raise. The first treatment arm is a "subjective" raise, in which principals evaluate teachers; the second treatment arm an "objective" raise based on student test scores. First, we show that both subjective and objective incentives are equally effective at increasing test scores. However, objective incentives decrease student socio-emotional development. Second, we show that these effects are likely driven by the types of behavior change we observe from teachers during classroom observations. In objective schools, teachers spend more time on test preparation and use more punitive discipline, whereas, in subjective schools, pedagogy improves. Finally, we investigate the mechanisms of these effects through the lens of a moral hazard model with multi-tasking. We exploit variation within each treatment to isolate the causal effect of contract noisiness and distortion on student outcomes. We then show that teachers perceive subjective incentives as less noisy and less distorted, and these contract features affect student outcomes, serving as key channels to explain the reduced form effects we see.Finally, in the third chapter, I explore whether managers show gender bias in their evaluation of employees, and, if so, under what circumstances. Pakistan ranks in the lowest decile in female labor force participation, and even in sectors where women are more prevalent, such as teaching, they earn 70 cents for each dollar men earn. In this chapter, I test the extent to which statistical versus financial discrimination explains these pay gaps. I use the experiment from chapter 1 and 2, which has two important random variations: i). how often managers observe a given employee and ii). whether manager evaluations affect employee's pay or are just used for feedback and see whether this changes how managers evaluate their employees. I find that managers have less gender bias the more frequently they observe a given employee and more gender bias if there is a financial stake of the manager's evaluation. While all three chapters use the same randomization design and data, each chapter is intended to be a stand-alone set of research questions, so the respective design and data description is included within each chapter.