Three Essays On Human Capital And The Family
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Three Essays On Human Capital And The Family
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Author : Jim A. (James Alan) Sentance
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Three Essays On Human Capital And The Family written by Jim A. (James Alan) Sentance and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with categories.
Three Essays On Families Children And Human Capital Formation
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Three Essays On Families Children And Human Capital Formation written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
In the second essay, I consider how U.S. families choose to invest in response to the onset of a health condition in a child. Family investments can reinforce, or compensate for the occurrence of a health-limiting condition. The results from this paper shed light on the importance of incorporating the family unit as part of public policies that involve children with serious health conditions.
Three Essays On Human Capital
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Author : Xiaoyan Chen Youderian
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Three Essays On Human Capital written by Xiaoyan Chen Youderian and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The first essay considers how the timing of government education spending influences the intergenerational persistence of income. We build a life-cycle model where human capital is accumulated in early and late childhood. Both families and the government can increase the human capital of young agents by investing in education at each stage of childhood. Ability in each dynasty follows a stochastic process. Different abilities and resultant spending histories generate a stochastic steady state distribution of income. We calibrate our model to match aggregate statistics in terms of education expenditures, income persistence and inequality. We show that increasing government spending in early childhood education is effective in lowering intergenerational earnings elasticity. An increase in government funding of early childhood education equivalent to 0.8 percent of GDP reduces income persistence by 8.4 percent. We find that this relatively large effect is due to the weakening relationship between family income and education investment. Since this link is already weak in late childhood, allocating more public resources to late childhood education does not improve the intergenerational mobility of economic status. Furthermore, focusing more on late childhood may raise intergenerational persistence by amplifying the gap in human capital developed in early childhood. The second essay considers parental time investment in early childhood as an education input and explores the impact of early education policies on labor supply and human capital. I develop a five-period overlapping generations model where human capital formation is a multi-stage process. An agent's human capital is accumulated through early and late childhood. Parents make income and time allocation decisions in response to government expenditures and parental leave policies. The model is calibrated to the U.S. economy so that the generated data matches the Gini index and parental participation in education expenditures. The general equilibrium environment shows that subsidizing private education spending and adopting paid parental leave are both effective at increasing human capital. These two policies give parents incentives to increase physical and time investment, respectively. Labor supply decreases due to the introduction of paid parental leave as intended. In addition, low-wage earners are most responsive to parental leave by working less and spending more time with children. The third essay is on the motherhood wage penalty. There is substantial evidence that women with children bear a wage penalty of 5 to 10 percent due to their motherhood status. This wage gap is usually estimated by comparing the wages of working mothers to childless women after controlling for human capital and individual characteristics. This method runs into the problem of selection bias by excluding non-working women. This paper addresses the issue in two ways. First, I develop a simple model of fertility and labor participation decisions to examine the relationships among fertility, employment, and wages. The model implies that mothers face different reservation wages due to variance in preference over child care, while non-mothers face the same reservation wage. Thus, a mother with a relatively high wage may choose not to work because of her strong preference for time with children. In contrast, a childless woman who is not working must face a relatively low wage. For this reason, empirical analysis that focuses only on employed women may result in a biased estimate of the motherhood wage penalty. Second, to test the predictions of the model, I use 2004-2009 data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97) and include non-working women in the two-stage Heckman selection model. The empirical results from OLS and the fixed effects model are consistent with the findings in previous studies. However, the child penalty becomes smaller and insignificant after non-working women are included. It implies that the observed wage gap in the labor market appears to overstate the child wage penalty due to the sample selection bias.
Three Essays On Human Capital
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Author : Jing Li
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Three Essays On Human Capital written by Jing Li and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Education categories.
Three Essays On Human Capital
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Author : Lisa Marie Dickson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Three Essays On Human Capital written by Lisa Marie Dickson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Human capital categories.
Three Essays On Human Capital
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Author : Paulino Font Gilabert
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Three Essays On Human Capital written by Paulino Font Gilabert and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Human Capital Economic Growth And Income Distribution Three Essays On Human Capital
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Author : Chang Gyu Kwag
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Human Capital Economic Growth And Income Distribution Three Essays On Human Capital written by Chang Gyu Kwag and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with categories.
Essay one is concerned with how and why an individual invests in human capital and how tax policy affects investment in human capital. We examine optimal investment in human capital and the effect of tax policy on human capital formation, and test several hypotheses derived from the theory using U.S. time-series data. Investment in human capital in terms of college enrollment rates is positively related to family income, rate of return to human capital, and unemployment rates, while it is negatively related to educational cost, and rate of return to physical capital. In addition, the average income tax rates show a negative effect on college enrollment rates. Essay two discusses human capital and economic growth. We first investigate the elasticities of substitution among inputs using the nested constant elasticity of substitution production function to focus on the so-called capital-skill complementarity hypothesis. We here compare two models: one is a model with human capital and raw labor, and the other is a model with higher skilled labor and lower skilled labor. In both models, the elasticities of substitution among inputs are very low, but the complementarity hypothesis is still weakly confirmed. Human capital turns out to be essential in achieving medium-term economic growth empirically. We also demonstrate the key role of human capital in the long-term steady state within the context of the endogenous growth model. Essay three considers the role of human capital on income distribution. Using the nested CES production function, we first derive factor shares, and then examine the relationship between functional and personal income distribution. An increase in share of labor income reduces overall income inequality, while an increase in share of transfer income has a negative effect on income distribution. Human capital, especially primary and secondary level of human capital stock, is a crucial factor in reducing income inequality. Finally, this study develops and presents new estimates of human capital stock in the United States, as well as annual earnings, and labor force by education level for the period 1947-1989. Data shows that the growth rate of GNP is very closely related to that of human capital stock. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.).
Three Essays On The Economics Of Human Capital Development
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Author : Emma Louise Gorman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Three Essays On The Economics Of Human Capital Development written by Emma Louise Gorman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Three Essays On Human Capital
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Author : Mario Fiorini
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Three Essays On Human Capital written by Mario Fiorini and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Three Essays On Investments In Children S Human Capital
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Three Essays On Investments In Children S Human Capital written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.