Three Essays On Land Rights Labor Mobility And Human Capital Investment In China
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Three Essays On Land Rights Labor Mobility And Human Capital Investment In China
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Author : Dan Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Three Essays On Land Rights Labor Mobility And Human Capital Investment In China written by Dan Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with China categories.
The dissertation explores how institutional features of the Chinese economy impact the welfare and behavior of Chinese households. The first two chapters investigate the economic implications of varying land security in rural China. The third chapter provides an empirical test of household responses to China's One-Child Policy, looking at children's education attainments and subsequent earnings. Chapter one provides both theoretical and empirical models to show that with secured land rights, households with high farming ability are likely to invest in land while households with low farming ability tend to invest in human capital and migrate to the city. The result indicates labor specialization as a result of land security. The results imply that governmental policies promoting land security may facilitate both migration and investment in land. Chapter two examines the role of rural land reallocation on welfare and risk coping strategies. In a closed agricultural economy, large-scale land reallocation help households to cope with labor supply shocks. However, when non-farm labor market and land rental market exist, the proportion of households that benefit from large-scale land adjustments will decrease. Both migration and large-scale reallocation appear to serve as effective strategies to smooth out consumption. Large-scale land reallocation appears to play a bigger role in smoothing consumption than in smoothing income. Chapter three provides an empirical test to evaluate the impacts of the One-Child Policy (OCP) on children's education attainments and subsequent earnings. The baseline identification strategy uses a difference-in-difference approach to compare outcome for children born before and after OCP; it also compares outcomes between treatment and control groups facing different institutional constraints at the same period of time. The study estimates the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) for returns to education. Empirical results suggest that OCP has bigger impacts on years of education of urban men compared with urban women. Wage estimations show that one more year of education increases women's hourly wage earnings by 5.6 to 8.1 percentage points but an additional year has no significant impact on the wage of men.
Skilled Labor Mobility And Migration
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Author : Elisabetta Gentile
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2019
Skilled Labor Mobility And Migration written by Elisabetta Gentile and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Business & Economics categories.
One of the primary objectives of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), established in 2015, was to boost skilled labor mobility within the region. This insightful book takes stock of the existing trends and patterns of skilled labor migration in the ASEAN. It endeavors to identify the likely winners and losers from the free movement of natural persons within the region through counterfactual policy simulations. Finally, it discusses existing issues and obstacles through case studies, as well as other sectoral examples.
Resurging Asian Giants
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Author : Klaus Gerhaeusser
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2010-07-01
Resurging Asian Giants written by Klaus Gerhaeusser and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The economies of the People's Republic of China and India have seen dramatic growth in recent years. As their respective successes continue to reshape the world's economic landscape, noted Chinese and Indian scholars have studied the two countries' development paths, in particular their rich and diverse experiences in such areas as education, information technology, local entrepreneurship, capital markets, macroeconomic management, foreign direct investment, and state-owned enterprise reforms. Drawing on these studies, ADB has produced a timely collection of lessons learned that serves as a valuable refresher on the challenges and opportunities ahead for developing economies, especially those in Asia and the Pacific.
Human Capital Development In South Asia
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Author : Asian Development Bank
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2017-12-01
Human Capital Development In South Asia written by Asian Development Bank and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Human capital is an important factor for economic growth in South Asia. Between 1981 and 2010, human capital contributed about 22% of annual gross domestic product per worker growth in India. During the same period, it contributed around 21% in Bangladesh, and 16% in Sri Lanka. However, education and skills remain the binding constraint. Raising the quality of education and skills in South Asia's workforce can play a critical role in catching up to the level of development of the People's Republic of China, the Republic of Korea, and other successful Southeast Asian economies. This study reviews the development of human capital in South Asia and analyzes contributing factors to human development including policies and strategies that countries in South Asia follow.
World Development Report 2019
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2018-10-31
World Development Report 2019 written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-31 with Business & Economics categories.
Work is constantly reshaped by technological progress. New ways of production are adopted, markets expand, and societies evolve. But some changes provoke more attention than others, in part due to the vast uncertainty involved in making predictions about the future. The 2019 World Development Report will study how the nature of work is changing as a result of advances in technology today. Technological progress disrupts existing systems. A new social contract is needed to smooth the transition and guard against rising inequality. Significant investments in human capital throughout a person’s lifecycle are vital to this effort. If workers are to stay competitive against machines they need to train or retool existing skills. A social protection system that includes a minimum basic level of protection for workers and citizens can complement new forms of employment. Improved private sector policies to encourage startup activity and competition can help countries compete in the digital age. Governments also need to ensure that firms pay their fair share of taxes, in part to fund this new social contract. The 2019 World Development Report presents an analysis of these issues based upon the available evidence.
China Urbanizes
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Author : Shahid Yusuf
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2008-01-22
China Urbanizes written by Shahid Yusuf and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-22 with Political Science categories.
The key challenges facing China in the next two decades derive from the ongoing process of urbanization. China's urbanization rate in 2005 was about 43%. Over the next 10-15 years, it is expected to rise to well over 50%, adding an additional 200 million mainly rural migrants to the current urban population of 560 million. How China copes with such a large migration flow will strongly influence rural-urban inequality, the pace at which urban centers expand their economic performance, and the urban environment. The growing population will necessitate a big push strategy to maintain a high rate of investment in housing and the urban physical infrastructure and urban services. To finance such expansion will require a significant strengthening and diversification of China's financial system. Growing cities will greatly increase consumption of energy and water. Containing this without at the same time constraining the economic performance of cities or the improvement in the standards of living will call for enlightened policies, strategies, careful urban planning, and significant technological advances. This volume identifies the key developments to watch and discusses the policies which would affect the course as well as the fruitfulness of change.
Poverty In The Philippines
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Author : Asian Development Bank
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2009-12-01
Poverty In The Philippines written by Asian Development Bank and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-01 with Social Science categories.
Against the backdrop of the global financial crisis and rising food, fuel, and commodity prices, addressing poverty and inequality in the Philippines remains a challenge. The proportion of households living below the official poverty line has declined slowly and unevenly in the past four decades, and poverty reduction has been much slower than in neighboring countries such as the People's Republic of China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Viet Nam. Economic growth has gone through boom and bust cycles, and recent episodes of moderate economic expansion have had limited impact on the poor. Great inequality across income brackets, regions, and sectors, as well as unmanaged population growth, are considered some of the key factors constraining poverty reduction efforts. This publication analyzes the causes of poverty and recommends ways to accelerate poverty reduction and achieve more inclusive growth. it also provides an overview of current government responses, strategies, and achievements in the fight against poverty and identifies and prioritizes future needs and interventions. The analysis is based on current literature and the latest available data, including the 2006 Family Income and Expenditure Survey.
Indonesia
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Author : Edimon Ginting
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2018-02-01
Indonesia written by Edimon Ginting and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The book focuses on Indonesia's most pressing labor market challenges and associated policy options to achieve higher and more inclusive economic growth. The challenges consist of creating jobs for and the skills in a youthful and increasingly better educated workforce, and raising the productivity of less-educated workers to meet the demands of the digital age. The book deals with a range of interrelated topics---the changing supply and demand for labor in relation to the shift of workers out of agriculture; urbanization and the growth of megacities; raising the quality of schooling for new jobs in the digital economy; and labor market policies to improve both labor standards and productivity.
The Jobs And Effects Of Migrant Workers In Italy
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
The Jobs And Effects Of Migrant Workers In Italy written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Foreign workers categories.
The Race Between Education And Technology
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Author : Claudia Goldin
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2009-07-01
The Race Between Education And Technology written by Claudia Goldin and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This book provides a careful historical analysis of the co-evolution of educational attainment and the wage structure in the United States through the twentieth century. The authors propose that the twentieth century was not only the American Century but also the Human Capital Century. That is, the American educational system is what made America the richest nation in the world. Its educational system had always been less elite than that of most European nations. By 1900 the U.S. had begun to educate its masses at the secondary level, not just in the primary schools that had remarkable success in the nineteenth century. The book argues that technological change, education, and inequality have been involved in a kind of race. During the first eight decades of the twentieth century, the increase of educated workers was higher than the demand for them. This had the effect of boosting income for most people and lowering inequality. However, the reverse has been true since about 1980. This educational slowdown was accompanied by rising inequality. The authors discuss the complex reasons for this, and what might be done to ameliorate it.