Three Essays On Strategic Trading In Oligopolistic Economies
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Three Essays On Strategic Trading In Oligopolistic Economies
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Author : Alexei Boulatov
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Three Essays On Strategic Trading In Oligopolistic Economies written by Alexei Boulatov and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Three Essays On Oligopolistic Competition Product Differentiation And International Trade
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Author : Fayçal Régis Sinaceur
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Three Essays On Oligopolistic Competition Product Differentiation And International Trade written by Fayçal Régis Sinaceur and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Competition, International categories.
This Thesis presents three essays in the area of strategic trade theory and policy. The first essay presents an analysis of trade and welfare between countries with asymmetric conditions. A two-period two-country address model of product differentiation is examined in which firms face an initial period of autarky. Trade takes place in the subsequent period and firms fully anticipate switches in trade regimes. Results suggest that historical (domestic) conditions matter a lot on the international market place. Firms that come from countries with a larger market tend to develop longer product lines, which puts that country in a dominant position in international competition. The model is also used to analyse gains/losses from trade in relation to country size. The second essay investigates the differential effects of specific and ad-valorem tariffs on quality, price and welfare in an oligopolistic industry consisting of foreign and domestic firms. These effects are shown to depend on the location of the home and foreign firms in the quality spectrum. Both tariffs are ranked and conditions for either tariff to be welfare superior are derived. Finally, the third essay presents an analysis of trade policy with endogenous market structure. A "third market model" is specified. Using a simple framework in which industry structure is derived endogenously as the outcome of product line decisions by firms, we show that governments have an incentive to affect the equilibrium product composition by setting non-zero subsidy rates in order to maximize domestic welfare. Subsidies may be uniform or non-uniform across goods and the optimal policy exhibits strong discontinuities as domestic welfare maximization implies a switch of regimes.
Three Essays On Oligopolistic Competition In An Open Economy
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Author : Jai-June Kim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Three Essays On Oligopolistic Competition In An Open Economy written by Jai-June Kim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with categories.
Three Essays In International Trade Theory
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Author : Eric O'Neill Fisher
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Three Essays In International Trade Theory written by Eric O'Neill Fisher and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with categories.
Three Essays On The Economics Of Preferential Trade Agreements
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Author : Renfeng Xiao
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Three Essays On The Economics Of Preferential Trade Agreements written by Renfeng Xiao and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
There have been considerable discussions about why countries have interests in forming preferential trade agreements (PTAs), which typically take the forms of a "free trade area" (FTA) with Rules of Origin (ROO) and a "customs union" (CU) (World Bank, 2005). This dissertation contains three essays with three different models of trade under oligopoly to analyze various issues on preferential trade agreements. The first essay examines welfare implications of forming preferential trade arrangement (PTAs) between two asymmetric countries that differ in their market sizes. Key findings are as follows. First, when market size asymmetry between two countries is not too large and ROO requirements are not too restrictive, the formation of an FTA with effective ROO can be welfare-improving to both members. Second, the formation of a PTA is more likely to emerge between countries of similar in their market sizes, ceteris paribus. Third, compared to the pre-PTA equilibrium, there are greater reductions in external tariffs under an FTA than under a CU such that a non-member country is relatively better off under the FTA. The second essay presents a three country model of trade under Bertrand price competition to analyze differences in welfare implications between an FTA with ROO and a customs union (CU). It is shown that the maximum limit of ROO requirements over which there are welfare gains from trade for FTA members depends crucially on the degree of substitutability of final goods (or the intensity of product market competition). It is also found that member countries and their final-good exporters are better off in a CU than in an FTA. There are greater reductions in external tariffs under an FTA than under a CU such that a non-member country is relatively better off under the FTA. The third essay presents a three country model of FTA with Cournot quantity competition and derives the maximum enforceable level of ROO over which there are welfare gains from trade to each member country. It is shown that ROO and external tariffs are strategic complements such that the higher is the regional input restrictions, the higher is the external tariff necessary to induce firms to fully comply with ROO requirements. It is also shown that an FTA with effective ROO has a positive effect on the final-good trade. But the trade-diverting effect does not occur in the final-good sector.
Three Essays On International Trade Competition And Trade
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Author : Tŏk-kŭn An
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Three Essays On International Trade Competition And Trade written by Tŏk-kŭn An and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
Three Essays On Policy Evaluations In Oligopoly Markets
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Author : Ziyu Guo (Ph. D. in environmental economics)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Three Essays On Policy Evaluations In Oligopoly Markets written by Ziyu Guo (Ph. D. in environmental economics) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Corn products industry categories.
This dissertation is composed of three chapters on policy evaluations in oligopoly markets. The first chapter compares effects of two main policies that support renewable energy development in the U.S. electricity market. The feed-in tariff (FIT) policy offers a guaranteed above-market price to renewable electricity firms by providing an extra government payment. The renewable energy certificate (REC) policy relies on the market mechanism. When associated with a renewable portfolio standard, the REC policy can provide a tool that rewards eligible renewable electricity firms financially. Using U.S. data, this chapter examines the effects of these two support policies in two multi-sector dynamic models, incorporating dynamic Nash equilibrium conditions between fossil fuel electricity firms and renewable electricity firms. The FIT policy results in a decline in production in the manufacturing sector and a fast change in consumer consumption behavior. Under the optimal feed-in tariff setting, investment in renewable energy is delayed. On the other hand, the REC policy ends with a stable increase in manufacturing production and household consumption. Green investment remains positive over time under the optimal renewable portfolio standard. The second chapter explores the dynamic impacts of trade policies in the international soybean market. In 2018, China responded to U.S. trade action by imposing a retaliatory tariff on U.S. commodity exports. Among the agricultural trade, soybeans account for the largest amount between United States and China. This chapter evaluates the counterfactual impacts of “Globalization” and “Trade War” on the soybean trade between two exporting countries, U.S. and Brazil, and one importing country, China, in a dynamic game model. This chapter introduces the state-owned enterprise behavior into the model. The results show that firms in U.S. and Brazil result in more soybean exports under the “Globalization” scenario. When there is a trade war between 2018 and 2021, firm in the U.S. exports much fewer soybeans to China because of the high tariff. The storage of the firm rises during the trade war to avoid profit loss. On the other hand, firm in Brazil benefits from the trade war and end up exporting more soybeans to China than usual. Our findings match the data during the trade war period. To explore the impacts of the trade in the international soybean market, we also build up a stochastic model and solve the feedback Nash equilibrium. The results show that firms tend to export more for the next period with higher initial storage levels when taking tariff uncertainty into account. The third chapter investigates the effects of demand shocks in the international corn market. Corn is the largest crop in terms of production and consumption in the United States. We introduce four exporters, U.S., Brazil, Argentina, and Ukraine, in a dynamic competitive storage model to explore the counterfactual effects under Globalization and High sustainability scenarios. We can also predict the impacts of short-term price shocks on the exports and storage in the four exporting countries. We conclude that U.S. and Argentina benefit more under “Globalization” than the other two countries. The change in U.S. ethanol demand induces the firms’ strategic behavior. With an increasing demand, firms stock up corns for future sale at a higher price. With a decreasing demand, firms deplete their stock at the beginning periods to avoid profit loss in future. In addition, the short-term price shock has different effects in four countries. We find that firms in U.S. and Brazil, with relatively higher storage amounts, are more sensitive to the price shock than Argentina and Ukraine, whose storage levels are less than 10% of their exports.
Essays On Strategic Trade Policy
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Author : Seung-gyu Jo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Essays On Strategic Trade Policy written by Seung-gyu Jo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with categories.
Three Essays On Strategic Aspects Of International Trade
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Author : Jee-Hyeong Park
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Three Essays On Strategic Aspects Of International Trade written by Jee-Hyeong Park and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
Three Essays In Strategic Trade Policy And International Agreements
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Author : Mun-sŏng Kang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Three Essays In Strategic Trade Policy And International Agreements written by Mun-sŏng Kang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with categories.