Three Essays On Women S Empowerment
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Three Essays On Women S Empowerment In Agriculture
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Author : Daniela Campus
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Three Essays On Women S Empowerment In Agriculture written by Daniela Campus and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Three Essays On Women S Empowerment
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Author : Phanwin Yokying
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Three Essays On Women S Empowerment written by Phanwin Yokying and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Ghana categories.
This dissertation consists of three essays that examine fundamental development challenges affecting women's and men's livelihoods in Ghana and Thailand. The first essay of this dissertation studies the effects of joint and individual land rights on men's and women's voice, or their ability to influence the use of agricultural earnings. It also investigates how men's voice and women's voice impact per capita consumption of market-produced, homegrown, and total food. Using the 2012 Feed the Future Baseline Survey from Ghana, this paper focuses on a sub-sample of married male and female farmers living in the Upper West, Upper East, Brong Ahafo, and Northern Regions of Ghana. The regression results indicate that land ownership, especially individual land rights, empowers both men and women by strengthening their ability to influence the use of agricultural earnings. Stronger influence over how agricultural earnings are used, in turn, enables both men and women to leverage the resources available to provide for household food security; per capita consumption of homegrown and total food raises when men and women have greater voice. These findings underline the importance of improving access to and ownership of land to economically and socially empower male and female farmers and to help address the chronic issue of food insecurity in Ghana. The second essay investigates how time in domestic and care work and in income-generating work activities is correlated with women's and men's abilities to become active members of economic and social groups. These groups include producers' and resource users' groups; religious groups; civic groups; and credit and savings groups. Using the 2012 Feed the Future Population Based Survey from Ghana, this paper focuses on a sub-sample of married women and men living in dual-adult households. The regression results indicate that women's time in domestic and care tasks is negatively correlated with the probability of becoming active group members in producers' and resource users' groups, civic groups, and religious groups. In contrast, the amount of time men spend in domestic and care work is not correlated with their group membership. While women's time in income-generating activities has no influence on their membership in producers' and resource users' and civic groups, their active membership in religious groups along with credit and savings groups complements their time in income-generating work. Men's time in income-generating activities increases their participation in these economic and social groups, especially in producers' and resource users' groups. Combining domestic and care work with income-generating work time, an increase in women's total workload decreases their membership in producers' and resource users' groups, civic groups, and religious groups and increases their participation in credit and savings groups. Men's total workload, on the other hand, increases their participation in producers' and resource users' groups, civic groups, along with credit and savings groups. These results point to the importance of accommodating women's work responsibilities as a strategy to increase women's opportunities to receive development services delivered through community-based groups. The third essay examines the relationships between children's time in work activities and the labor supply of their parents in the context of Thailand. Market work as well as domestic and care tasks are the two types of children's work activities considered in this analysis. The empirical analysis is based on the 2009 Labor Force and Time Use Surveys. The results indicate that children's time in market work is a complement to parents' labor supply. The complementary relationships are more pronounced between mothers' and older girls' labor supply and between fathers' and older boys' time in market activities, providing support for gender segregation in the relationships between parents' and older children's labor supply. In terms of domestic and care tasks, the regression estimates show that changes in parents' labor supply do not have significant influence on children's time in domestic and care tasks, particularly among girls, but boys' time in domestic and care tasks is found to be a weak substitute for parents' labor supply. The findings suggest that anti-poverty or expansionary policies that aim to increase adult labor force participation can have a spillover effect on children by increasing the need for older children to be involved in market work activities.
Women S Empowerment In A Developing World
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Author : Clémentine Sadania
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Women S Empowerment In A Developing World written by Clémentine Sadania and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Women's empowerment increasingly appears in the headlines of development programs, in the pursuit of inclusive growth. This dissertation explores the determinants and consequences of one dimension of women's empowerment, women's ability to make choices within the household. Chapter 1 offers a critical review of the related literature. The chapters which follow consist of empirical analyses on Egypt and shed new lights on a understudied setting. Chapter 1 is a discussion of the concept under study and its measurement. It identifies means of actions available to individuals and policy-makers, limitations of the existing literature and future research avenues. Chapter 2 revisits the relationship between women's work and employment in Egypt, by addressing jointly the endogeneity and the heterogeneity of types of economic activities. The study shows that outside work has the greatest impact on women's participation in household decisions. Nevertheless, home-based work is able to increase joint decision-making on major investment decisions. Chapter 3 provides evidence on an unexplored channel: the role of the mother's empowerment in the transmission of shocks on youths' time allocation. We find that a positive shock on the father's labor market reduces daughters' participation in domestic work only when the mother has a high level of bargaining power. Chapter 4 explores how gender unbalanced migration affects the marriage market of the sending country. Results are consistent with a deterioration of women's relative position in the marriage market during high migration periods.
Three Essays On Empowerment
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Author : Greg Seymour
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Three Essays On Empowerment written by Greg Seymour and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Agricultural productivity categories.
The main findings of this essay emphasize the importance of women's empowerment, particularly in terms of group membership, in any initiative for promoting agricultural productivity. First, both the uncensored 5DE score and group membership are found to be positively associated with higher levels of agricultural productivity for all plots operated by women's households. Thus, positive spillover effects may exist, in terms of access to social capital or credit, that extend the benefits of women's empowerment outward to all household members. Second, no evidence of gender gaps in agricultural productivity is found in terms of women's actual participation in decision-making or women's ownership status for a particular plot of land, nor when based on female headship. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Three Essays On Gender And Cultural Economics
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Author : Jordan Loper
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Three Essays On Gender And Cultural Economics written by Jordan Loper and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
This thesis explores the long term effects of ancestral norms on contemporaneous outcomes, in the context of developing countries, with a specific focus on gender related outcomes. The 1st chapter explores the long-term effect of matrilineality on contemporaneous female HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa. I find that females originating from ancestrally matrilineal ethnic groups are today more likely to be infected by HIV. Matrilineal females' riskier sexual and contraceptive behaviours constitute the main explanatory mechanisms. The 2nd chapter explores how cultural norms and development policies interact in shaping women's empowerment and well-being in developing countries. My co-authors and I examine this question in the context of legal reforms and their differentiated impact on divorce and empowerment across traditional modes of post-marital cohabitation. We find that matrilocal women divorce more than patrilocal women following the reform and, when in stable marriages, experience a significant improvement in well-being and empowerment. The 3rd chapter examines the link between thedistribution of power in marriage and the decision to split-migrate (one spouse migrates alone) in Indonesia. Building on the second chapter, we find that the propensity of matrilocal husbands to split-migrate, relative to patrilocal husbands, increases by 41-76%, following the reform. We suggest that empowered women may have ex-ante gained control over outcomes that are costlier to monitor for husbands when they migrate. Hence, empowerment restores some efficiency in migration decisions by reducing the anticipated information asymmetry and the moral hazard associated with migration.
Essays On Women S Empowerment In Developing Cuontries
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Essays On Women S Empowerment In Developing Cuontries written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
In our study, we attempt to discuss women's empowerment in three different essays. In the first essay, we discuss how access to agriculture market by female farmers in Cameroon could improve their own control over the proceeds of their agricultural output. Scope of this research falls in the general category of household and community level factors affecting women's empowerment. In the second and third essay discuss aspects of participatory development in India in areas ranging from community development to hierarchical institutes and politics. We concentrate on two aspects of participatory...
Three Essays On The Impact Of Education On The Women S Employment And Empowerment In South Korea
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Author : Ga-Young So
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Three Essays On The Impact Of Education On The Women S Employment And Empowerment In South Korea written by Ga-Young So and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Three Essays On Children Well Being Women Empowerment And Social Programs
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Author : Diana Lopez-Avila
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Three Essays On Children Well Being Women Empowerment And Social Programs written by Diana Lopez-Avila and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Several social programs have been implemented in developing countries with the aim of improving children's and women's well-being. Despite the existing evidence on the impact of these programs, there are still some knowledge gaps where this thesis aims to fill. First, programs such as Conditional Cash Transfers have been effective at increasing school attendance, but do not necessarily at achieving a large reduction on child labor. This thesis shows that the relative price of mothers and children labor is crucial to observe a reduction in child labor, due to the program. Children's working time is going to largely decrease in cases where mother's labor time is less expensive as compared to children's. Second, the evaluation of programs targeted to early childhood has been largely focused on nutrition, health, cognitive and non-cognitive skills, leaving aside parenting outcomes. Evidence found in this thesis shows that early childhood interventions impact parenting practices, particularly how children are disciplined. Parents of children who are largely exposed to these interventions use less physical violence as a way to discipline their children. Finally, women's empowerment plays a key role as an outcome and as a channel in the evaluation of these interventions. However, we lack information on how to approach and assess women's empowerment. This thesis shows that social capital seems to better capture women's bargaining power, as compared to traditional dimensions, such as participation in household decisions. This later analysis is done to understand the relation between women's empowerment and domestic violence.
A Room Of One S Own Three Guineas
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Author : Virginia Woolf
language : en
Publisher: Good Press
Release Date : 2023-11-28
A Room Of One S Own Three Guineas written by Virginia Woolf and has been published by Good Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-28 with Literary Collections categories.
A Room of One's Own, first published in 1929, is a witty, urbane and persuasive argument against the intellectual subjection of women, particularly women writers. The sequel, Three Guineas, is a passionate polemic which draws a startling comparison between the tyrannous hypocrisy of the Victorian patriarchal system and the evils of fascism. This volume combines two books which were among the greatest contributions to feminist literature this century. Together they form a brilliant attack on sexual inequality and a passionate polemic which draws a startling comparison between the tyrannous hypocrisy of the Victorian patriarchal system and the evils of fascism. Virginia Woolf makes the connection between war and the economy and a woman's role (or lack there of) in both. Adeline Virginia Woolf (25 January 1882 – 28 March 1941) was an English writer, and one of the foremost modernists of the twentieth century. During the interwar period, Woolf was a significant figure in London literary society and a central figure in the influential Bloomsbury Group of intellectuals.
Three Essays On Investments In Child Welfare In India
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Author : Eeshani Kandpal
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Three Essays On Investments In Child Welfare In India written by Eeshani Kandpal and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
In this dissertation, I evaluate two approaches that have the potential to improve child welfare, which persists at high levels in the developing world. In the first essay, I evaluate whether the Indian government's child nutrition intervention, the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is able to reduce long-term malnutrition in children as measured by stunting. The ICDS provides supplements, peri-natal services, and daycare to targeted villages, and is one of many such programs in the developing world . Previous evaluations of ICDS have not adequately controlled for its targeted nature, introducing downward bias in their estimates, nor have such evaluations in India or elsewhere looked at the program's distributional effects. Controlling for targeting and using new data, I find significant treatment effects particularly for the most malnourished children. Unlike previous studies, I control for non-normality of ICDS coverage; however, like previous work, I find problems with the targeting of the program: while ICDS targets poor areas, it fails to target those with low average education or with unbalanced sex ratios. In the second essay, I examine the impact of an Indian women's empowerment program, Mahila Samakhya on empowerment outcomes. The program aims to empower women through education and by organizing them into support groups. First, I use primary data on 487 women in the state of Uttarakhand to match non-participants with untreated women and establish that the program is not targeted at any particular part of the population. Then, matching women over districts with and without the program, I show that program participants are more likely to (1) work, (2) attend village council meetings, (3) have identification cards to a government employment scheme that give them access to outside employment, and (3) leave the house without permission. My results thus establish that the Mahila Samakhya significantly improves gender empowerment. This study is only the second evaluation of the Mahila Samakhya program and the first to evaluate whether it improves female empowerment. This study is also the first to explore the how employment and social norm might differ in their impact on female empowerment. In the third essay, I quantify the impact of peer network-based learning and influence on female empowerment and child food intake using primary data on networks in Uttarakhand. I use participation in the Mahila Samakhya program to identify increases in the empowerment of the participant herself and her social network. Using a conceptual framework that combines the Nash bargaining framework, the demographic diffusion literature, and identity economics, I characterize three ways in which networks function: social learning, social influence, and identity utility. I then use 3SLS on network-weighted instruments to estimate the relative sizes of these mechanisms on empowerment and child food intake. Results show that female empowerment is significantly affected by social influence and identity through participation, while child food intake benefits most from learning.