Threshold Phenomena In Soft Matter
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Threshold Phenomena In Soft Matter
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Author : Zhibin Huang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Threshold Phenomena In Soft Matter written by Zhibin Huang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Although two different fields are covered, this thesis is mainly focused on some threshold behaviors in both liquid crystal field and fluid dynamic systems. A method of rubbed polyimide is used to obtain pretilt. Sufficiently strong rubbing of a polyimide (SE-1211) results in a large polar pretilt of liquid crystal director with respect to the homeotropic orientation. There exists a threshold rubbing strength required to induce nonzero pretilt. For the homologous liquid crystal series alkyl-cyanobyphenyl, we found that the threshold rubbing strength is a monotonic function of the number of methylene units. A dual easy axis model is then used to explain the results. Fréedericksz transition measurements have been used to determine the quadratical and quartic coefficients associated with the molecules' tilt with respect to the layer normal in surface-induced smectic layers in the nematic phase above the smectic-A-nematic phase transition temperature. Both the quadratic and quartic coefficients are consistent with the scaling relationship as predicted in theory, and their ratio is approximately constant. A Rayleigh-Taylor instability experiment is performed by using a magnetic field gradient to draw down a low density but highly paramagnetic fluid below a more dense fluid in a Hele-Shaw cell. When turning off the magnetic field, the RT instability occurs in situ and the growth of the most unstable wave vector is measured as a function of time. The wavelength of the RT instability along with the growth rate was measured as a function of capillary number (which is related to the density difference and interfacial tension between two fluids). A theory for the instability that permits different viscosities for two immiscible fluids was developed, and good agreement was found with the experimental results. The technique of magnetic levitation promises to broaden significantly the accessible parameter space of gravitational interfacial instability experiments. A method is introduced to control initial conditions for a Rayleigh-Taylor instability, where in a dense fluid sits metastably a top a less dense fluid, a configuration that can be stabilized using a magnetic field gradient when one fluid is highly paramagnetic. On switching off the magnetic field, the instability occurs as the dense fluid falls under gravity. By affixing appropriately shaped magnetically-permeable wires to the outside of the cell, arbitrarily-chosen and well-controlled initial perturbations are imposed on the interface. Using this technique, the perturbation amplitudes, growth rates, nonlinear growth coefficients, and terminal velocities are obtained to examine both the linear and nonlinear growth regimes.
Soft Matter
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Author : Wim van Saarloos
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2024-03-26
Soft Matter written by Wim van Saarloos and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-26 with Science categories.
"Soft matter science is an interdisciplinary field at the interface of physics, biology, chemistry, engineering, and materials science. It encompasses colloids, polymers, and liquid crystals as well as rapidly emerging topics such as metamaterials, memory formation and learning in matter, bioactive systems, and artificial life. This textbook introduces key phenomena and concepts in soft matter from a modern perspective, marrying established knowledge with the latest developments and applications. The presentation integrates statistical mechanics, dynamical systems, and hydrodynamic approaches, emphasizing conservation laws and broken symmetries as guiding principles while paying attention to computational and machine learning advances. The book features introductory chapters on fluid mechanics, elasticity, and stochastic phenomena and also covers advanced topics such as pattern formation and active matter. it discusses technological applications as well as relevant phenomena in the life sciences and offers perspectives on emerging research directions"--
Soft Matter Physics
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Author : Mohamed Daoud
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Soft Matter Physics written by Mohamed Daoud and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
In a liquid crystal watch, the molecules contained within a thin film of the screen are reorientated each second by extremely weak electrical signals. Here is a fine example of soft matter: molecular systems giving a strong response to a very weak command signal. They can be found almost everywhere. Soft magnetic materials used in transformers exhibit a strong magnetic moment under the action of a weak magnetic field. Take a completely different domain: gelatin, formed from col lagen fibres dissolved in hot water. When we cool below 37°C, gelation occurs, the chains joining up at various points to form a loose and highly deformable network. This is a natural example of soft matter. Going further, rather than consider a whole network, we could take a single chain of flexible polymer, such as polyoxyethylene [POE = (CH CH O)N, 2 2 5 where N rv 10 ], for example, in water. Such a chain is fragile and may break under flow. Even though hydrodynamic forces are very weak on the molecular scale, their cumulated effect may be significant. Think of a rope pulled from both ends by two groups of children. Even if each girl and boy cannot pull very hard, the rope can be broken when there are enough children pulling.
Bottom Up Self Organization In Supramolecular Soft Matter
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Author : Stefan C. Müller
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-08-01
Bottom Up Self Organization In Supramolecular Soft Matter written by Stefan C. Müller and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-01 with Science categories.
This book presents the general concepts of self-organized spatio-temporal ordering processes. These concepts are demonstrated via prototypical examples of recent advances in materials science. Particular emphasis is on nano scale soft matter in physics, chemistry, biology and biomedicine. The questions addressed embrace a broad spectrum of complex nonlinear phenomena, ranging from self-assembling near the thermodynamical equilibrium to dissipative structure formation far from equilibrium. Their mutual interplay gives rise to increasing degrees of hierarchical order. Analogues are pointed out, differences characterized and efforts are made to reveal common features in the mechanistic description of those phenomena.
Essentials Of Soft Matter Science
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Author : Francoise Brochard-Wyart
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-08-02
Essentials Of Soft Matter Science written by Francoise Brochard-Wyart and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-02 with Science categories.
Authored by world-leading physicists, this introductory textbook explores the basic principles of polymers, colloids, liquid crystals, wetting, and foams. It is a practical ‘toolbox’ for readers to acquire basic knowledge in the field and facilitate further reading and advanced courses. Undergraduate students in physics, biology, and the medical sciences will learn the basics of soft matter physics, in addition to scaling approaches in the spirit of the Nobel prize laureate in physics in 1991, Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, the inventor of soft matter physics and close collaborator to author Françoise Brochard-Wyart. Features: Accessible and compact approach Contains exercises to enhance understanding All chapters are followed by a short 1-2 page "insert chapter" which serve as illustrations with concrete examples from everyday life (e.g. the Paris Metro, a zebrafish, a gecko, duck feathers etc.)
Complex Spreading Phenomena In Social Systems
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Author : Sune Lehmann
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-06-21
Complex Spreading Phenomena In Social Systems written by Sune Lehmann and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-21 with Science categories.
This text is about spreading of information and influence in complex networks. Although previously considered similar and modeled in parallel approaches, there is now experimental evidence that epidemic and social spreading work in subtly different ways. While previously explored through modeling, there is currently an explosion of work on revealing the mechanisms underlying complex contagion based on big data and data-driven approaches. This volume consists of four parts. Part 1 is an Introduction, providing an accessible summary of the state of the art. Part 2 provides an overview of the central theoretical developments in the field. Part 3 describes the empirical work on observing spreading processes in real-world networks. Finally, Part 4 goes into detail with recent and exciting new developments: dedicated studies designed to measure specific aspects of the spreading processes, often using randomized control trials to isolate the network effect from confounders, such as homophily. Each contribution is authored by leading experts in the field. This volume, though based on technical selections of the most important results on complex spreading, remains quite accessible to the newly interested. The main benefit to the reader is that the topics are carefully structured to take the novice to the level of expert on the topic of social spreading processes. This book will be of great importance to a wide field: from researchers in physics, computer science, and sociology to professionals in public policy and public health.
Quantum Criticality In Condensed Matter Phenomena Materials And Ideas In Theory And Experiment 50th Karpacz Winter School Of Theoretical Physics
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Author : Janusz Jedrzejewski
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2015-07-23
Quantum Criticality In Condensed Matter Phenomena Materials And Ideas In Theory And Experiment 50th Karpacz Winter School Of Theoretical Physics written by Janusz Jedrzejewski and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-23 with Science categories.
This volume comprises 8 articles written by lecturers of 50th Karpacz Winter School of Theoretical Physics and their collaborators. The contributing lecturers are outstanding researchers, and experts in various fields of physics, in particular in condensed matter, quantum phase transitions and quantum critical phenomena. The articles reflect the contents of the lectures given for school participants and cover various aspects of quantum phase transitions and quantum critical phenomena, from experimental to mathematical ones. For those wishing to get acquainted with the subject, extensive lists of references are provided in the articles.
Soft Matter Characterization
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Author : Redouane Borsali
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-07-28
Soft Matter Characterization written by Redouane Borsali and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-28 with Science categories.
This 2-volume set includes extensive discussions of scattering techniques (light, neutron and X-ray) and related fluctuation and grating techniques that are at the forefront of this field. Most of the scattering techniques are Fourier space techniques. Recent advances have seen the development of powerful direct imaging methods such as atomic force microscopy and scanning probe microscopy. In addition, techniques that can be used to manipulate soft matter on the nanometer scale are also in rapid development. These include the scanning probe microscopy technique mentioned above as well as optical and magnetic tweezers.
Soft Matter Physics
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Author : Maurice Kleman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-05-28
Soft Matter Physics written by Maurice Kleman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05-28 with Science categories.
The study of "soft matter" materials with complex properties has raised a number of interesting problems in basic physics, biology, and materials science, all of which promise new and important technological applications. After a review of chemical bonds and phase transitions, the authors treat topics such as surface phenomena, stability of colloidal systems, structural properties of polymers, and topological defects. The monograph's emphasis on underlying physical principles offers a coherent treatment of the great variety of research in the field.
Social Choice And Threshold Phenomena
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Author : Gil Kalai
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Social Choice And Threshold Phenomena written by Gil Kalai and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.