Tom The Atom Book 12
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Tom The Atom Book 12
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Author : Dr Mum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-11
Tom The Atom Book 12 written by Dr Mum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11 with categories.
Copper is a colorful member of the Transition Metal family, Group 3B, a brother of Iron. He is used to reinforcing the concept of Oxidation States in atoms. Not all metals exist in Nature as pure metals. Copper is one of the few metals that can be found as a native metal (Copper atoms together) or forming compounds with other atoms. Tom-the-Atom introduces the concept of Metal Alloys. Copper is widely used because he is easily made into wires (it is malleable), and it is an excellent conductor of electricity and heat. That is why it is used for the wiring in your home. One alloy of Copper called Bronze was so popular among humans that it gave a name to an era as the "Bronze Era."
Tom The Atom Book 9
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Author : Dr Mum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-07-27
Tom The Atom Book 9 written by Dr Mum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-27 with categories.
Tom-the-Atom represents the Carbon Atom, the most crucial atom in the Universe. A series of illustrated science books for children and adolescents. The young reader will become familiar with the world of atoms, which make up all the material in the Universe; the Earth, the planets, the stars, and you and me. The young reader is invited to become part of the World of Atoms and to develop his/her understanding of how atoms form everything. Tom the Atom, Book 9: Meet Iron the lion!You will meet Atoms in Group 3B (Columns 3 to 12 in the Periodic Table). To explain their character, Tom-the-Atom introduces the concept that shells have subshells. Tom-the-Atom calls a larger atom who belongs to the Transition Metals large Family, Iron, Fe. Tom-the-Atom explains how challenging it is to predict the characters of atoms in Group 3B. That is because their Nature depends on who they interact with.
Tom The Atom Book 9
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Author : Dr Mum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-12-30
Tom The Atom Book 9 written by Dr Mum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-30 with categories.
Henry and Mary are back from school. Tom-the-Atom introduces them to the Iron atom (Fe) a larger rust-colored atom, which is a cousin of Tom-the-Atom is in Group 3B belonging to a large family called the "Transition Metals" comprising Columns 3-12 in the Periodic Table. Iron is very versatile and to understand his valence electron configuration (outermost shell electrons), it is necessary to introduce the concepts of shell and sub-shells. Iron, represented by Fe, is more significant than Tom-the-Atom; Fe has two valence electrons ("hands" and six "empty sleeves" ) in his outer shell.Tom-the-Atom introduces the concept of Sub Shells or Sub Belts. This concept shows that larger atoms with more than one shell have sub-shells. The subs-hells are like the layers of an onion! If any larger atom has more than a total of 10 electrons, (he or she will have two electrons in his inner shell K and 8 in his shell L) and new shells will appear to accommodate those additional electrons. The shell will have sub-shells, and only the outer sub-shell will contain the valence electrons. Most of the larger and heavier atoms will have in their outer sub-shell from one to eight valence electrons and from seven to zero empty spaces--to add up to 8.
Tom The Atom Book 21
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Author : MUM
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2021-02-28
Tom The Atom Book 21 written by MUM and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-28 with categories.
Noble Gas atoms do not interact with other atoms, because their valence shell (or subshells) is FULL. Members of the Noble Gases family have all their shells, including their outermost valence shell full of electrons to their rim. They do not need to "handshake" with any other atom to borrow or give away electrons; that is why they are not reactive and do not need to shake hands! They do not form chemical bonds with anyone. They are a family of 6 existing siblings. In the family of Noble Gases, the atom's outer shell has no "empty sleeve." The concept of inert gas is explained. The idea of shell and sub-shells and how the sub-shells are arranged, when atoms have more than 3 shells, is revealed.
Tom The Atom Book 20
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Author : Dr Mum
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2021-02-28
Tom The Atom Book 20 written by Dr Mum and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-28 with categories.
Chlorine is an atom from the family of Halogens. She is well placed to introduce the concept of the Electronegativity, Reduction, and Oxidation processes. She is in Column 17 (or Group 7A) of the Periodic Table. She has 7 "hands" or valence electrons and only one "empty sleeve" in her outermost shell. She likes to steal an electron to fill up her outer shell. You will learn that an Oxidizing Agent is an aggressive atom (or compound) that takes "hands" or valence electrons rather than give them away; a real thief! A Reducing Agent is the opposite. He/She likes to give away his/her valence electrons (as the atoms in Columns 1 and 2 (Groups 1A and 2A) from the Periodic Table). Atoms in Groups 1A and 2A have low electronegativity. Halogens (Group 7A) have a large electronegativity (close to 4).
Tom The Atom Book 13
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Author : Dr Mum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-11-02
Tom The Atom Book 13 written by Dr Mum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-02 with categories.
You, Mary, and Henry met Gold, an atom from the family of the Transition Metals. However, he and his nine siblings form a small subfamily called the Noble Metals. The atoms of the subfamily(that belongs to the Transition Metals family) are very reactive as atoms but not asmetals. As metals, the Noble Metals' atoms are happy and feel complete. They are severalreasons, but the most important is that their s subshell (which suffers a contraction (LanthanideContraction)) is closer to the atom's belly.The outermost d subshell is full. That property of the Noble Metals (shrunken radius and innervalence s subshell) allows humans to use the Noble Metal as a facilitator of electron transferbetween two reacting molecules/atoms in a process called "Catalysis". Noble Metals do sowithout messing (reacting) with those compounds. Still, they just help their electrons to movefaster from molecules to compounds through them: they make the reaction go quicker, and aCATALYST had born!Gold and Platinum, Gold and his brother, Platinum, are the most stable atoms, and whencombined with tuples, they form bulk metals. In general, Metals are attacked by Oxygen andwater, transforming back the metal to Metal Oxides. But Oxygen and water cannot attack theNoble Metals. They remain shiny and beautiful; that is, they do not "tarnish". Particularly, Gold has that pretty color and high luster. Noble Metals have the highest electronegativity(want to grab electrons from other atoms) among the Transition Metals. While TransitionMetals have mostly positive Oxidation States (lose electrons), Noble Metals can have negativeOxidations States. But, remember, although the atoms are reactive, the bulk metals are iner
Tom The Atom Book 5
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Author : MUM
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-11-21
Tom The Atom Book 5 written by MUM and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-21 with categories.
Henry and Mary had a beautiful Saturday at their home playing with their school friends and reviewing what they had learned in Tom-the-Atom's World. Henry and his friends play with the concept of Carbon (Tom-the-Atom) atoms and covalent bonds. Carbon atoms alone can form different materials from a piece of graphite to a diamond, just by handshaking four or three times at once with his tuples (identical atoms).While Mary introduced, to her friends, the idea of molecules, she explains that water molecules have a distinctive shape like a Mickey Mouse face. An enjoyable day!
Tom The Atom Book 2
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Author : MUM
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-11-05
Tom The Atom Book 2 written by MUM and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-05 with categories.
You, Henry, and Mary learned that atoms belong to 10 families. That they are a total of 92 atoms. Only 92 in the entire Universe! But each one has many twins (tuples). In shape, atoms are round. They have a tiny, massive belly full of Protons and Neutrons. Outside their nucleus or belly, they have from one to 7 belts filled with Electrons. Protons are positive, neutrons do not have a charge, and electrons are negative. The number of protons in their belly equals the total number of small electrons in their shells (or belts). The number of protons and neutrons in their belly gives their weight. The number of shells determines their size. All shells are full, but the last one that can be or not complete. The electrons in the outermost shell are called valence electrons. The number of electrons in their outermost shell (usually from one to eight) dictates the atoms' Character. Tom calls those valence electrons "hands" and the lack of them in that outermost shell called "empty sleeves."
Tom The Atom Book 10
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Author : MUM
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-12-30
Tom The Atom Book 10 written by MUM and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-30 with categories.
Henry and his classmate visit an exhibit at the Lawrence Hall of Science in Berkeley, California. In their museum's visit, they reinforce the concept of valence electrons or "hands." In doing so, children introduce the idea of electricity associated with metals and valence electrons. Electricity is a property of the atoms that can be classified as Metals (three groups: Metals, Semi-Metals (or Metalloid), and Non-Metals were introduced in Book 6). In the Metals group, when many atoms are together, their valence electrons are so loose that they can move to an outer "band" called Conduction Band. Valence electrons there just move from atom to atom, generating a current of electrons. As water running in a hose!Electricity is a flux of electrons (like the water in a hose) that we call a "current." Electrons freely flow through the metal under the influence of a force that we call a Voltage difference (like water pressure in a hose). The Metals are "Electrical conductors."
Tom The Atom Book 4
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Author : MUM
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-11-20
Tom The Atom Book 4 written by MUM and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-20 with categories.
Tom-the-Atom introduces two brothers, from his same family of Non-Metals: Hydrogen and Oxygen. Oxygen has six "hands" and two "empty sleeves" [eight "hands" or valence electrons will make his outermost and second shell complete]. Hydrogen is a very tiny atom. He has only one electron in his only and outermost shell. That shell only accommodates two electrons. Accordingly, small Hydrogen has one "hand" and one "empty sleeve" each. Each Hydrogen gets a "hand" from Oxygen slid in his "empty sleeve." Oxygen atom also receives from each Hydrogen one "hand" in each of his two "empty sleeves." Oxygen is complete with 8 "hands" (6 of him and one of each one of the two Hydrogens). Also, each Hydrogen will have one "hand" of their own and one "hand" from Oxygen to be complete with two "hands" in his only shell. Together they form a water molecule (H2O; i.e., H-O-H).Water is a very happy and stable molecule. It is an essential molecule in the world because life could not exist without water. Do you know that more than 65% of your body is water? Water is crucial to life and has many beautiful properties.