Tom The Atom Book 7
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Tom The Atom Book 7
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Author : Dr Mum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-07-27
Tom The Atom Book 7 written by Dr Mum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-27 with categories.
Tom-the-Atom represents the Carbon Atom, the most crucial atom in the Universe. A series of illustrated science books for children and adolescents. The young reader will become familiar with the world of atoms, which make up all the material in the Universe; the Earth, the planets, the stars, and you and me. The young reader is invited to become part of the World of Atoms and to develop his/her understanding of how atoms form everything. Tom-the-Atom, Book 7: Standing at my podium, I am trying to watch my Sodium! Tom-the-Atom calls on Sodium, Na, from the Alkali Metals family, in Column 1 of the Periodic Table. Sodium is a brother of Lithium. Sodium, Na, is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. He has a single electron in its outermost shell that readily donates, forming a positively charged atom-the Na+ cation or Sodium-ion. Sodium and Lithium have very similar characters. The concepts of positive and negative ions and ionic bonding are reviewed again.
Tom The Atom Book 7
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Author : Dr Mum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-12-17
Tom The Atom Book 7 written by Dr Mum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-17 with categories.
Tom-the-Atom introduces Mary and Henry to a way of guessing an atom's character. An atom's role is based not from the family to which she/he belongs, but from their Group in the Periodic Table. The Group allows you to guess the number of valence electrons in the outermost shell. Tom-the-Atom divides the Periodic Table into 18 Columns and 8 Groups. Tom-the-Atom calls the third member in Column 1 (Group 1A): Sodium (after Hydrogen and Lithium), a member of the Alkali Metal Family. Lithium and Sodium are from Group 1A; they have only one valence electron in their outermost shell. In Group 1A, the Alkali Metal family, the atoms readily give their valence electron away and become "positives ions," or more accurately, Cations. The only shell that may not be full to its rim is the outermost shell. If an atom has few electrons (less than four) in his exterior shell, the Atom will prefer to give those electrons away. That way, the Atom will keep only his full inner shells, which are complete. Once the atoms lose one electron (or more), the atoms become positively-charged (minus a negative charge). They will form strong ionic bonds with negative ions [or Anions (those that have captured electrons)] to build molecules and compounds; if they are close by. Tom-the-Atom also explains how Sodium forms common Salt. When Chlorine (Group 7A = seven outermost electrons) grabs an electron from Sodium, it becomes negatively charged (becomes a Chloride anion). Chloride anion attracts the Sodium positive ion! Sodium a positive ion (an atom that loses electrons) and Chloride (a negative ion that grabbed electrons) are attracted to each other-- by being joined together by an Ionic Bond. If they are close, they attract each other to form a molecule of common Salt (Sodium--(NaCl)--Chloride). Natural Salt (NaCl) separates back into ions (Sodium ions and Chloride ions) when dissolved in water, and we say that Salt is soluble in water!
Tom The Atom Book 14
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Author : Dr Mum
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2020-11-02
Tom The Atom Book 14 written by Dr Mum and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-02 with categories.
Tom-the-Atom introduces to you, Mary and Henry, the concept of Radioactivity (different from reactivity, that we learned in Book 7. He calls in a heavy atom called Uranium or just U; from the Actinide family. He has 92 electrons in his shells and 92 protons in his belly. There are many Isotopes of Uranium, i.e., Atoms of Uranium but with different neutrons' numbers in their belly (giving different atomic weights). The isotopes of an atom have the same number of electrons and protons but a different number of neutrons. Accordingly, they have slightly different atomic weights, determined by the total number of protons and neutrons. Thus, isotopes are like twins; they look the same and have the same chemical properties, but they have slightly different weights. Because Uranium (U) has many neutrons and protons in the nucleus, the nuclei become unstable and can disintegrate. It disintegrates by emitting very energetic particles (radioactive disintegration).
Tom The Atom Book 1
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Author : MUM
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-07-19
Tom The Atom Book 1 written by MUM and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-19 with categories.
Tom-the-Atom represents the Carbon Atom, the most crucial Atom in the Universe. A series of illustrated science books for children and adolescents (https://www.Tom-the-Atom.com). The young reader will become familiar with the world of Atoms, which make up all the material in the Universe; the Earth, the planets, the stars, and you and me. The young reader is invited to become part of the world of Atoms and to develop his/her understanding of how Atoms form everything. Tom the Atom, Book 1: Carbon Atom is my name, Tom-the-Atom is my nickname!Henry and Mary discover Tom-the-Atom. He talked about his world and invites Henry, Mary, and you to visit his world made of ten Atoms' families for one hour on weekdays, just after school. Tom-the-Atom, who belongs to the Family of the Non-Metals, represents the Carbon Atom.
Tom The Atom Book 20
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Author : Dr Mum
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2021-02-28
Tom The Atom Book 20 written by Dr Mum and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-28 with categories.
Chlorine is an atom from the family of Halogens. She is well placed to introduce the concept of the Electronegativity, Reduction, and Oxidation processes. She is in Column 17 (or Group 7A) of the Periodic Table. She has 7 "hands" or valence electrons and only one "empty sleeve" in her outermost shell. She likes to steal an electron to fill up her outer shell. You will learn that an Oxidizing Agent is an aggressive atom (or compound) that takes "hands" or valence electrons rather than give them away; a real thief! A Reducing Agent is the opposite. He/She likes to give away his/her valence electrons (as the atoms in Columns 1 and 2 (Groups 1A and 2A) from the Periodic Table). Atoms in Groups 1A and 2A have low electronegativity. Halogens (Group 7A) have a large electronegativity (close to 4).
Tom The Atom Book 6
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Author : Dr Mum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-07-27
Tom The Atom Book 6 written by Dr Mum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-27 with categories.
Tom-the-Atom represents the Carbon Atom, the most crucial atom in the Universe. A series of illustrated science books for children and adolescents. The young reader will become familiar with the world of atoms, which make up all the material in the Universe; the Earth, the planets, the stars, and you and me. The young reader is invited to become part of the World of Atoms and to develop his/her understanding of how atoms form everything. Tom the Atom, Book 6: Lithium, highly reactive and flammable, do not eat it; it may make you distractible! Tom-the-Atom introduces the concept of the Periodic Table. A table invented by humans. It accommodates the 92 naturally occurring atoms that exist in the entire Universe. The readers will learn to guess the atom's character by only looking at the Periodic Table. You will meet with Lithium, Li, from the family of the Alkali Metals. Tom-the-Atom and Lithium introduce the concepts of electro-negativity, positive and negative ions, and ionic bonding.
Tom The Atom Book 9
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Author : Dr Mum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-07-27
Tom The Atom Book 9 written by Dr Mum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-27 with categories.
Tom-the-Atom represents the Carbon Atom, the most crucial atom in the Universe. A series of illustrated science books for children and adolescents. The young reader will become familiar with the world of atoms, which make up all the material in the Universe; the Earth, the planets, the stars, and you and me. The young reader is invited to become part of the World of Atoms and to develop his/her understanding of how atoms form everything. Tom the Atom, Book 9: Meet Iron the lion!You will meet Atoms in Group 3B (Columns 3 to 12 in the Periodic Table). To explain their character, Tom-the-Atom introduces the concept that shells have subshells. Tom-the-Atom calls a larger atom who belongs to the Transition Metals large Family, Iron, Fe. Tom-the-Atom explains how challenging it is to predict the characters of atoms in Group 3B. That is because their Nature depends on who they interact with.
Tom The Atom Book 3
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Author : Dr Mum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-07-27
Tom The Atom Book 3 written by Dr Mum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-27 with categories.
Tom-the-Atom represents the Carbon Atom, the most crucial atom in the Universe. A series of illustrated science books for children and adolescents. The young reader will become familiar with the world of atoms, which make up all the material in the Universe; the Earth, the planets, the stars, and you and me. The young reader is invited to become part of the World of Atoms and to develop his/her understanding of how atoms form everything. Tom the Atom, Book 3: Bonds make a world fond! The Carbon family likes to combine with many of the 92 atoms in Nature and with his many twins (tuples). Tom-the-Atom explains how tiny atoms form large objects. They do so by using only the electrons of their outermost shell. Those electrons and only those are called valence electrons, and by handshaking with other atoms, they form covalent bonds. Carbon atoms form a hard, shiny diamond with four handshakes to soft, opaque graphite with three handshakes!
Tom The Atom Book 3
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Author : Dr Mum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-11-15
Tom The Atom Book 3 written by Dr Mum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-15 with categories.
Tom the Atom, Book 3: Bonds make a world fond.GOAL: To introduce the concept of Covalent Bonds.Henry, Mary, and Tom-the-Atom hold hands and say the magic words that make them very small and allow them to visit the world of the atoms. The shell closest to the nucleus can accommodate up to two electrons. The next shell can accommodate eight electrons, and the one after that can have eighteen electrons. However, we can say that, in general, if the atom is tiny (Hydrogen and Helium), they will have only one shell, and it can accommodate up to two electrons (one for Hydrogen and two for Helium). If the atom is larger, the shells are subdivided into subshells, and the outermost subshell can accommodate up to eight valence electrons. Tom-the-Atom calls the valence electrons in the outer shell "hands." If the outer shell is not full, that shell will have "empty spaces" waiting to be filled by other atom's electrons. Tom-the-Atom calls those empty spaces "empty sleeves." One "hand" and one "empty sleeve" shared with another atom makes a bond. Tom-the-Atom introduces to Henry and Mary the concept of Covalent Bond between atoms. A covalent bond is defined as "a double handshake" between two atoms' outermost shells (orbital). Tom-the-Atom (Carbon), for example, has four "hands" (or valence electrons) and four "empty sleeves" (or missing electrons in his outermost shell, to a total of eight. One Covalent Bond is formed when two atoms share one "hand" and one "empty sleeve" simultaneously to produce a firm "handshake" between two atoms-each atom "hand" slides into an "empty sleeve." We represent this "single bond" between atoms X and Y by X-Y. Tom-the-Atom can also form four single covalent bonds with four different atoms, in that case, the total number of handshakes involving Tom-the-Atom is four.
Tom The Atom Book 21
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Author : MUM
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2021-02-28
Tom The Atom Book 21 written by MUM and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-28 with categories.
Noble Gas atoms do not interact with other atoms, because their valence shell (or subshells) is FULL. Members of the Noble Gases family have all their shells, including their outermost valence shell full of electrons to their rim. They do not need to "handshake" with any other atom to borrow or give away electrons; that is why they are not reactive and do not need to shake hands! They do not form chemical bonds with anyone. They are a family of 6 existing siblings. In the family of Noble Gases, the atom's outer shell has no "empty sleeve." The concept of inert gas is explained. The idea of shell and sub-shells and how the sub-shells are arranged, when atoms have more than 3 shells, is revealed.