Tongzhi Guangxin Fu Zhi
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Tongzhi Guangxin Fu Zhi
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Author : Jizhu Jiang
language : zh-CN
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Tongzhi Guangxin Fu Zhi written by Jizhu Jiang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
Tongzhi Guangxin Fu Zhi 1
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Author : Jizhu Jiang
language : zh-CN
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Tongzhi Guangxin Fu Zhi 1 written by Jizhu Jiang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
Migration And Ethnicity In Chinese History
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Author : Sow-Theng Leong
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 1997
Migration And Ethnicity In Chinese History written by Sow-Theng Leong and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Political Science categories.
This book analyzes the emergence of ethnic consciousness among Hakka-speaking people in late imperial China in the context of their migrations in search of economic opportunities. It poses three central questions: What determined the temporal and geographic pattern of Hakka and Pengmin (a largely Hakka-speaking people) migration in this era? In what circumstances and over what issues did ethnic conflict emerge? How did the Chinese state react to the phenomena of migration and ethnic conflict? To answer these questions, a model is developed that brings together three ideas and types of data: the analytical concept of ethnicity; the history of internal migration in China; and the regional systems methodology of G. William Skinner, which has been both a breakthrough in the study of Chinese society and an approach of broad social-scientific application. Professor Skinner has also prepared eleven maps for the book, as well as the Introduction. The book is in two parts. Part I describes the spread of the Hakka throughout the Lingnan, and to a lesser extent the Southeast Coast, macroregions. It argues that this migration occurred because of upswings in the macroregional economies in the sixteenth century and in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. As long as economic opportunities were expanding, ethnic antagonisms were held in check. When, however, the macroregional economies declined, in the mid-seventeenth and late eighteenth centuries, ethnic tensions came to the fore, notably in the Hakka-Punti War of the mid-nineteenth century. Part II broadens the analysis to take into account other Hakka-speaking people, notably the Pengmin, or "shack people. When new economic opportunities opened up, the Pengmin moved to the peripheries of most of the macroregions along the Yangzi valley, particularly to the highland areas close to major trading centers. As with the Hakka, ethnic antagonisms, albeit differently expressed, emerged as a result of a declining economy and increased competition for limited resources in the main areas of Pengmin concentration.
The Population History Of China 1368 1953
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Author : Shuji Cao
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2024-02-06
The Population History Of China 1368 1953 written by Shuji Cao and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-06 with History categories.
From 1368 to 1953, China's administrative divisions were mainly composed of counties, prefectures, and provinces. This book shows the population figures, density, and changes in the provincial population in China during this period and population figures of each major city and town and its proportion in terms of the provincial population during this period―the urbanization rate. Data in this book is drawn partly from historical sources and partly from statistical-model-based calculations. The book also includes provincial population maps in 1393, and their original statistical models, population databases, and metadata.
Agricultural Development In Qing China
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Author : Zhihong Shi
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2017-10-02
Agricultural Development In Qing China written by Zhihong Shi and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-02 with Business & Economics categories.
In Agricultural Development in Qing China: A Quantitative Study, 16661-1911 SHI Zhihong offers for the first time an overview of agricultural development in Qing China in the English language.
Heavenly Masters
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Author : Vincent Goossaert
language : en
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
Release Date : 2021-11-30
Heavenly Masters written by Vincent Goossaert and has been published by University of Hawaii Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-30 with Religion categories.
The origins of modern Daoism can be traced to the Church of the Heavenly Master (Tianshidao), reputedly established by the formidable Zhang Daoling. In 142 CE, according to Daoist tradition, Zhang was visited by the Lord on High, who named him his vicar on Earth with the title Heavenly Master. The dispensation articulated an eschatological vision of saving initiates—the pure, those destined to become immortals—by enforcing a strict moral code. Under evolving forms, Tianshidao has remained central to Chinese society, and Daoist priests have upheld their spiritual allegiance to Zhang, their now divinized founder. This book tells the story of the longue durée evolution of the Heavenly Master leadership and institution. Later hagiography credits Zhang Daoling’s great-grandson, putatively the fourth Heavenly Master, with settling the family at Longhushan (Dragon and Tiger Mountain); in time his descendants—down to the present contested sixty-fifth Heavenly Master living in Taiwan—made the extraordinary claim of being able to transmit hereditarily the function of the Heavenly Master and the power to grant salvation. Over the next twelve centuries, the Zhangs turned Longhushan into a major holy site and a household name in the Chinese world, and constructed a large administrative center for the bureaucratic management of Chinese society. They gradually built the Heavenly Master institution, which included a sacred site; a patriarchal line of successive Heavenly Masters wielding vast monopolistic powers to ordain humans and gods; a Zhang lineage that nurtured talent and accumulated wealth; and a bureaucratic apparatus comprised of temples, training centers, and a clerical hierarchy. So well-designed was this institution that it remained stable for more than a millennium, far outlasting the longest dynasties, and had ramifications for every city and village in imperial China. In this ambitious work, Vincent Goossaert traces the Heavenly Master bureaucracy from medieval times to the modern Chinese nation-state as well as its expansion. His in-depth portraits of influential Heavenly Masters are skillfully embedded in a large-scale analysis of the institution and its rules, ideology, and vision of society.
Disorder Under Heaven
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Author : James Tong
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 1992-02-01
Disorder Under Heaven written by James Tong and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-02-01 with Social Science categories.
A monumental study of collective violence in the premodern world, this book analyzes all instances of rebellion and banditry recorded in 1,097 countries in China during the 277 years of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). The assembled evidence constitutes the largest annual, county-level time-series on collective violence events in any part of the world, and the 630 recorded cases are used to test the major social science theories on the origins of collective violence. Using systematic data collected from local gazetteers on natural calamities, size of harvests, famine relief, physical terrain, local construction, and troop deployment, the author advances and validates a rational-choice argument that violence increased when survival in a subsistence economy became uncertain and the likelihood of punishment was low. Analyzing the administrative effectiveness and coercive capacity of the Ming state, the author also finds evidence to support a complementary structuralist explanation for increased collective violence in times of lax rulers, state insolvency, and inadequate welfare and tax policies. After an introductory chapter, the author explicates the main theoretical and methodological issues of collective violence and sketches the empirical pattern of rebellions and banditry, differentiating them by the level of threat they posed to the regime and by the sociopolitical profile of participating groups. In the next four chapters, he relates the Ming empirical configuration to four theoretical frameworks for collective violence: rational choice,which includes the issue of motive and choice—why people chose to become bandits; opportunity, in which the level of Ming collective violence is treated to variations in a regime's coercive capacity; social change, which is used to shed light on food riots, anti-tax rebellions, and conflict between employers and employees and between natives and outsiders; and class conflict, which prompts the author to assess the Marxist explanation for collective violence by investigating revolts of commoners against imperial clansmen, bondservants against masters, and tenants against landlords. The final chapter presents how the author's conclusions on why and how people became outlaws in the Ming and points the questions for future research.
Grids Of Chinese Ancient Cities
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Author : Yibo Xu
language : en
Publisher: Altralinea Edizioni
Release Date : 2019-11-29
Grids Of Chinese Ancient Cities written by Yibo Xu and has been published by Altralinea Edizioni this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-29 with Architecture categories.
The book is the first to define the meaning and components of the grid and apply it in Chinese planning history. It provides a fresh methodology, pushing the boundary of planning by this new practical tool for planners and governors and new perspective for the architecture and city planning faculties. From graphs to rules, from facts to in-depth analysis, this book focuses on the tool of urban planning, the grid, with thoughtful organization of knowledge from Chinese history, architecture and city planning discipline, providing knowledge along with politics, military, customs, mysterious Fengshui theories and astrology beliefs. Moreover, the book proved the link between grids and social aims, discussing each kind of aim by thoughtful organization of data collected from 301 prefecture cities, unfolding the powers propelling the city formation and shedding light on what shaped our cities today.
The Taoists Of Peking 1800 1949
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Author : Vincent Goossaert
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2020-03-23
The Taoists Of Peking 1800 1949 written by Vincent Goossaert and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-23 with Religion categories.
"By looking at the activities of Taoist clerics in Peking, this book explores the workings of religion as a profession in one Chinese city during a period of dramatic modernization. The author focuses on ordinary religious professionals, most of whom remained obscure temple employees. Although almost forgotten, they were all major actors in urban religious and cultural life.The clerics at the heart of this study spent their time training disciples, practicing and teaching self-cultivation, performing rituals, and managing temples. Vincent Goossaert shows that these Taoists were neither the socially despised illiterates dismissed in so many studies, nor otherworldly ascetics, but active participants in the religious economy of the city. In exploring exactly what their crucial role was, he addresses the day-to-day life of modern Chinese religion from the perspective of ordinary religious specialists. This approach highlights the social processes, institutions, and networks that transmit religious knowledge and mediate between prestigious religious traditions and the people in the street. In modern Chinese religion, the Taoists are such key actors. Without them, ""Taoist ritual"" and ""Taoist self-cultivation"" are just empty words."
Demonic Warfare
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Author : Mark R. E. Meulenbeld
language : en
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
Release Date : 2015-01-31
Demonic Warfare written by Mark R. E. Meulenbeld and has been published by University of Hawaii Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-31 with Literary Criticism categories.
Revealing the fundamental continuities that exist between vernacular fiction and exorcist, martial rituals in the vernacular language, Mark Meulenbeld argues that a specific type of Daoist exorcism helped shape vernacular novels in the late Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Focusing on the once famous novel Fengshen yanyi ("Canonization of the Gods"), the author maps out the general ritual structure and divine protagonists that it borrows from much older systems of Daoist exorcism. By exploring how the novel reflects the specific concerns of communities associated with Fengshen yanyi and its ideology, Meulenbeld is able to reconstruct the cultural sphere in which Daoist exorcist rituals informed late imperial "novels." He first looks at temple networks and their religious festivals. Organized by local communities for territorial protection, these networks featured martial narratives about the powerful and heroic deeds of the gods. He then shows that it is by means of dramatic practices like ritual, theatre, and temple processions that divine acts were embodied and brought to life. Much attention is given to local militias who embodied "demon soldiers" as part of their defensive strategies. Various Ming emperors actively sought the support of these local religious networks and even continued to invite Daoist ritualists so as to efficiently marshal the forces of local gods with their local demon soldiers into the official, imperial reserves of military power. This unusual book establishes once and for all the importance of understanding the idealized realities of literary texts within a larger context of cultural practice and socio-political history. Of particular importance is the ongoing dialog with religious ideology that informs these different discourses. Meulenbeld's book makes a convincing case for the need to debunk the retrospective reading of China through the modern, secular Western categories of "literature," "society," and "politics." He shows that this disregard of religious dynamics has distorted our understanding of China and that "religion" cannot be conveniently isolated from scholarly analysis.