Toward Interactive And Intelligent Decision Support Systems
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Toward Interactive And Intelligent Decision Support Systems
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Author : Yoshikazu Sawaragi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Toward Interactive And Intelligent Decision Support Systems written by Yoshikazu Sawaragi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
In the past, technological as well as economic forces dominated the evolution of industrial structures: these factors have been treated extensively in numerous studies. However, another major factor which has begun to have a decisive influ ence on the performance of the chemical industry is technological risk and public and environmental health considerations, in particular those related to toxic and hazardous substances used in industrial production processes. The issues of con trolling process risk, waste streams, and potential environmental consequences of accidental or routine release of hazardous chemicals are rapidly gaining in impor tance vis CI vis narrow economic considerations, and are increasingly reflected in national and international legislation. In the context of several ongoing R&D projects aiming at the development of a new generation of tools for "intelligent" decision support, two related problem areas that have been identified are: (i) Structuring the industry or plant for the minimum cost of production as well as least risk - e.g., toxicity of chemicals involved. In this multi-criteria framework, we seek to resolve the conflict between industrial structure or plant design established by economic considerations and the one shaped by environmental concerns. This can be formulated as a design problem for nor mal production conditions. In section 3.1. and 3.2. an approach on how to deal with this problem at the industry and plant level is discussed.
Toward Interactive And Intelligent Decision Support Systems
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Author : International Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
Toward Interactive And Intelligent Decision Support Systems written by International Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with categories.
Design Of Adaptive Organizations
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Author : Nobuo Takahashi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Design Of Adaptive Organizations written by Nobuo Takahashi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Organization design has been discussed by many authors in management and organization theory. They have obtained intuitive and prescriptive propositions appealing that the best organization design is contingent on the environmental conditions. But their studies, called contingency theory, are mostly based on empirical research. Most of the "propositions" are drawn as only inferences from the results of them. On the other hand, decision theoretic models of "organizations" in the stochastic environment have been studied by some economists and management scientists independently of contingency theory. In this book, important aspects of organization design problems are formulated as statistical decision problems in the framework of management and organization theory. Part One of this book analyzes a short-run adaptive problems of the organization design. Part One contains an expanded exposition of the ideas and results published in the professional journals, and I would like to thank the anonymous reviewers of the following journals: Behaviormetrika, Human Relations, Behavioral Science. Part Two of this book considers a long-run adaptive process in the organization, and has not previously been published in its IV present form, although a version of this part is to appear in Journal of the Department of Liberal Arts, March 1987, The University of Tokyo. The resul ts of Part One and Part Two are supported by the empirical research on Japanese firms in Part Three. This research was financially supported by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation (NTT). I acknowledge this gratefully.
Two Person Bargaining Experiments With Incomplete Information
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Author : Bettina Kuon
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Two Person Bargaining Experiments With Incomplete Information written by Bettina Kuon and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Think of the following situation: A project yielding a gross profit of 100 is offered to two firms. The project can only be conducted by a cooperation of the two firms. No firm is able to conduct the project alone. In order to receive the project the firms have to agree on the allocation of the gross profit. Each of both firms has an alternative project it conducts in case the joint project is not realized. The profitability of an allocation of the joint gross profit for a firm depends on the gross profit from its alternative project. The gross profit from an alternative project can be either 0 (low alternative value) or O
Stochastic Versus Fuzzy Approaches To Multiobjective Mathematical Programming Under Uncertainty
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Author : Shi-Yu Huang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Stochastic Versus Fuzzy Approaches To Multiobjective Mathematical Programming Under Uncertainty written by Shi-Yu Huang and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Operations Research is a field whose major contribution has been to propose a rigorous fonnulation of often ill-defmed problems pertaining to the organization or the design of large scale systems, such as resource allocation problems, scheduling and the like. While this effort did help a lot in understanding the nature of these problems, the mathematical models have proved only partially satisfactory due to the difficulty in gathering precise data, and in formulating objective functions that reflect the multi-faceted notion of optimal solution according to human experts. In this respect linear programming is a typical example of impressive achievement of Operations Research, that in its detenninistic fonn is not always adapted to real world decision-making : everything must be expressed in tenns of linear constraints ; yet the coefficients that appear in these constraints may not be so well-defined, either because their value depends upon other parameters (not accounted for in the model) or because they cannot be precisely assessed, and only qualitative estimates of these coefficients are available. Similarly the best solution to a linear programming problem may be more a matter of compromise between various criteria rather than just minimizing or maximizing a linear objective function. Lastly the constraints, expressed by equalities or inequalities between linear expressions, are often softer in reality that what their mathematical expression might let us believe, and infeasibility as detected by the linear programming techniques can often been coped with by making trade-offs with the real world.
Degeneracy Graphs And Simplex Cycling
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Author : Peter Zörnig
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Degeneracy Graphs And Simplex Cycling written by Peter Zörnig and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Many problems in economics can be formulated as linearly constrained mathematical optimization problems, where the feasible solution set X represents a convex polyhedral set. In practice, the set X frequently contains degenerate verti- ces, yielding diverse problems in the determination of an optimal solution as well as in postoptimal analysis.The so- called degeneracy graphs represent a useful tool for des- cribing and solving degeneracy problems. The study of dege- neracy graphs opens a new field of research with many theo- retical aspects and practical applications. The present pu- blication pursues two aims. On the one hand the theory of degeneracy graphs is developed generally, which will serve as a basis for further applications. On the other hand dege- neracy graphs will be used to explain simplex cycling, i.e. necessary and sufficient conditions for cycling will be de- rived.
Linear Models With Correlated Disturbances
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Author : Paul Knottnerus
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Linear Models With Correlated Disturbances written by Paul Knottnerus and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
In each chapter of this volume some specific topics in the econometric analysis of time series data are studied. All topics have in common the statistical inference in linear models with correlated disturbances. The main aim of the study is to give a survey of new and old estimation techniques for regression models with disturbances that follow an autoregressive-moving average process. In the final chapter also several test strategies for discriminating between various types of autocorrelation are discussed. In nearly all chapters it is demonstrated how useful the simple geometric interpretation of the well-known ordinary least squares (OLS) method is. By applying these geometric concepts to linear spaces spanned by scalar stochastic variables, it emerges that well-known as well as new results can be derived in a simple geometric manner, sometimes without the limiting restrictions of the usual derivations, e. g. , the conditional normal distribution, the Kalman filter equations and the Cramer-Rao inequality. The outline of the book is as follows. In Chapter 2 attention is paid to a generalization of the well-known first order autocorrelation transformation of a linear regression model with disturbances that follow a first order Markov scheme. Firstly, the appropriate lower triangular transformation matrix is derived for the case that the disturbances follow a moving average process of order q (MA(q». It turns out that the calculations can be carried out either analytically or in a recursive manner.
Distorted Probabilities And Choice Under Risk
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Author : Clemens Puppe
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Distorted Probabilities And Choice Under Risk written by Clemens Puppe and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
During the development of modern probability theory in the 17th cen tury it was commonly held that the attractiveness of a gamble offering the payoffs :1:17 ••• ,:l: with probabilities Pl, . . . , Pn is given by its expected n value L:~ :l:iPi. Accordingly, the decision problem of choosing among different such gambles - which will be called prospects or lotteries in the sequel-was thought to be solved by maximizing the corresponding expected values. The famous St. Petersburg paradox posed by Nicholas Bernoulli in 1728, however, conclusively demonstrated the fact that individuals l consider more than just the expected value. The resolution of the St. Petersburg paradox was proposed independently by Gabriel Cramer and Nicholas's cousin Daniel Bernoulli [BERNOULLI 1738/1954]. Their argument was that in a gamble with payoffs :l:i the decisive factors are not the payoffs themselves but their subjective values u( :l:i)' According to this argument gambles are evaluated on the basis of the expression L:~ U(Xi)pi. This hypothesis -with a somewhat different interpretation of the function u - has been given a solid axiomatic foundation in 1944 by v. Neumann and Morgenstern and is now known as the expected utility hypothesis. The resulting model has served for a long time as the preeminent theory of choice under risk, especially in its economic applications.
The Visible Hand
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Author : Reiner B. Koblo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Visible Hand written by Reiner B. Koblo and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
In the last decade highly innovatory developments have taken place in theoretical economics. The new focus of interest seems to be twofold: Firstly, nonlinear models for dynamic processes of the economy are constructed to extend the scope of linear models for tlle stationary euqilibrium state; and secondly a new approach is made to solve the everlasting problem of the relation between micro-and macro-economics. The interdisciplinary field of synergetics is deeply involved in this evolution. The author has made a remarkable contribution to both foci: His application of synergetic concepts to the theory of business cycles combines a partial solution of the micro-macro-problem, namely the modelling of the macro-economic effect of the decisions of investors, producers and consumers, with the natural introduction of nonlinearities. The arising new business cycle theory can on the one side be validated by empirical evidence and on the other hand the typical behavior of nonlinear dynamic systems including the transition to deterministic chaos can be clearly demonstrated. The hope is justified that the model presented in this book is a fw·ther important step in reaching a new level of the quantitative comprehension of dynamic phenomena in the economy. Stuttgart, June 1991 Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Weidlich Foreword It is the author's objective to explain macroeconomic processes on the basis of micro economic decision-making behaviour. In order to achieve this goal, the concept of synergetics is presented as a method of describing dynamic phenomena in multi-com ponent systems with cooperative interactions between their elements.
Balanced Silverman Games On General Discrete Sets
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Author : Gerald A. Heuer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Balanced Silverman Games On General Discrete Sets written by Gerald A. Heuer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
A Silverman game is a two-person zero-sum game defined in terms of two sets S I and S II of positive numbers, and two parameters, the threshold T > 1 and the penalty v > 0. Players I and II independently choose numbers from S I and S II, respectively. The higher number wins 1, unless it is at least T times as large as the other, in which case it loses v. Equal numbers tie. Such a game might be used to model various bidding or spending situations in which within some bounds the higher bidder or bigger spender wins, but loses if it is overdone. Such situations may include spending on armaments, advertising spending or sealed bids in an auction. Previous work has dealt mainly with special cases. In this work recent progress for arbitrary discrete sets S I and S II is presented. Under quite general conditions, these games reduce to finite matrix games. A large class of games are completely determined by the diagonal of the matrix, and it is shown how the great majority of these appear to have unique optimal strategies. The work is accessible to all who are familiar with basic noncooperative game theory.