Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Morocco
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Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Morocco
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Author : Hasan Tuluy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Morocco written by Hasan Tuluy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Political Science categories.
Morocco, a North African country with a population of about 23 million, has had a dualistic agriculture sector during most of the 20th century. One subsector is comprised of many small subsistence farms that grow chiefly wheat and barley; the other subsector is made up of large irrigated holdings that produce fruits and vegetables for export. Like many of the other developing countries examined in this comparative studies project, Morocco concentrated on building its industrial capabilities in the years following independence in 1956. That meant that consumers generally benefitted from government intervention in agricultural prices and that farm producers in general suffered the penalty of lower prices for their products. The subsistence subsector, however, was penalized more heavily by intervention than the export subsector. By 1973, at the time of the first oil shock, Morocco's coastal cities and new industries were continuing to grow, and there was an ongoing shift of population from rural areas to the cities. A steep rate of inflation, accompanied by political turmoil, then made it more necessary than ever for the government to intervene to keep consumer prices as low as possible. Morocco was able to subsidize consumer prices relatively painlessly at that time because of rising revenues from its exports of phosphates. (The country has about three-fourths of the world's phosphate reserves.) The year 1973 also marked the appearance of a more positive attitude toward agricultural producers. While the farm sector's output prices continued to be penalized by an overvalued exchange rate, some effort was made to counterbalance the exchange rate's ill effects through direct intervention. High world prices for most commodities, including farm products, had made food self-sufficiency a more appealing goal. In the early 1980s, as the world suffered recession, Morocco's export revenues declined. Subsidization of consumer food prices then became more difficult for the government. Although an initial attempt in 1981 to limit consumer subsidies by raising food prices resulted in serious riots, the country's food prices were gradually brought into line with market realities. Morocco's farms saw their prices improve further during the first half of the 1980s, and by 1984 the overall farm price penalty caused by the overvalued exchange rate had fallen to 8 percent, the lowest figure for the entire 1960-84 period. This study also reports on the effects of government intervention in agricultural prices on such important variables as farm production, food consumption, and exchange rate earnings.
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Egypt
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Author : Jean-Jacques Dethier
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Egypt written by Jean-Jacques Dethier and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Business & Economics categories.
This study examines twenty-five years of pricing policies in agriculture, covering the period 1960-85. During this period, the price regime has discriminated strongly against agriculture. The study focuses on the objectives and implications of government intervention on five major crops, cotton, rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane. It examines the economic history of price intervention, both at the sectoral and at the economy-wide level. After an introductory essay outlining political, macroeconomic, and sectoral developments, the objectives and instruments of agricultural policy are examined, and the incidence of intervention on relative prices and values added are studied. The effects of price intervention on agricultural output, rural and urban incomes, consumption, foreign exchange earnings, the government budget, and on resource flows in and out of agriculture are also examined. The study analyzes the determinants of agricultural pricing policies, including the influence of world prices and the relationship between government intervention and price variability. In the conclusions, a political-economic interpretation of twenty-five years of price interventions is given, and recent reform attempts are examined. Finally, background material such as time series data, calculations, and more detailed descriptions of economic policies and institutions are given in the appendices.
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Egypt The Country Study
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Author : Jean-Jacques Dethier
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Egypt The Country Study written by Jean-Jacques Dethier and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Business & Economics categories.
This study examines twenty-five years of pricing policies in agriculture, covering the period 1960-85. During this period, the price regime has discriminated strongly against agriculture. The study focuses on the objectives and implications of government intervention on five major crops, cotton, rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane. It examines the economic history of price intervention, both at the sectoral and at the economy-wide level. After an introductory essay outlining political, macroeconomic, and sectoral developments, the objectives and instruments of agricultural policy are examined, and the incidence of intervention on relative prices and values added are studied. The effects of price intervention on agricultural output, rural and urban incomes, consumption, foreign exchange earnings, the government budget, and on resource flows in and out of agriculture are also examined. The study analyzes the determinants of agricultural pricing policies, including the influence of world prices and the relationship between government intervention and price variability. In the conclusions, a political-economic interpretation of twenty-five years of price interventions is given, and recent reform attempts are examined. Finally, background material such as time series data, calculations, and more detailed descriptions of economic policies and institutions are given in the appendices.
The Transmission Of Exchange Rate Changes To Agricultural Prices
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Author : William Liefert
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2009
The Transmission Of Exchange Rate Changes To Agricultural Prices written by William Liefert and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Business & Economics categories.
Movements in exchange rates can change the prices of goods faced by producers and consumers and thereby affect incentives to produce, consume, and trade goods. Exchange rate changes, however, might not be completely transmitted (passed through) to domestic prices. Price and exchange rate transmission for ag. products is low in most developing economies, partly because of trade policies but also because of inadequate infrastructure and other market deficiencies. During the last 20 years, developed and developing countries have moved away from support policies that impede price and exchange rate transmission toward trade policies that allow transmission, such as tariffs. However, market deficiencies remain as a cause of incomplete transmission. Illus.
The Political Economy Of Agricultural Pricing Policy Africa And The Mediterranean
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Author : Anne O. Krueger
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
The Political Economy Of Agricultural Pricing Policy Africa And The Mediterranean written by Anne O. Krueger and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Agricultural prices categories.
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Zambia
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Author : Doris J. Jansen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Trade Exchange Rate And Agricultural Pricing Policies In Zambia written by Doris J. Jansen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Business & Economics categories.
Agricultural Policy Reform
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Agricultural Policy Reform written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Agriculture and state categories.
The Political Economy Of Agricultural Pricing Policy A Synthesis Of The Political Economy In Developing Countries
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Author : Anne O. Krueger
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
The Political Economy Of Agricultural Pricing Policy A Synthesis Of The Political Economy In Developing Countries written by Anne O. Krueger and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Agricultural prices categories.
Government Intervention In Moroccan Agriculture
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Author : Mark D. Wenner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Government Intervention In Moroccan Agriculture written by Mark D. Wenner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Agriculture and state categories.
The Morocco Policy Analysis Model Theoretical Framework And Policy Scenarios
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Author : Aya Achour
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-04-30
The Morocco Policy Analysis Model Theoretical Framework And Policy Scenarios written by Aya Achour and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-30 with Business & Economics categories.
The Morocco Policy Analysis model (MOPAM) was created in the Bank Al-Maghrib to simulate the impact of external developments, domestic macroeconomic policies, and structural reforms on key macroeconomic aggregates. We describe its structure and demonstrate its operation on two medium-term scenarios: (1) fiscal consolidation to stabilize the debt-to-GDP ratio and (2) the effects of the COVID-19 shock, including the endogenous fiscal and monetary policy response.