Trade Jobs And Inequality
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Trade Jobs And Inequality
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Author : Ms. Kimberly Beaton
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-07
Trade Jobs And Inequality written by Ms. Kimberly Beaton and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper examines the impact of trade on employment, wages, and other outcomes across countries and explores the conditions and policies that help spread the gains from trade more evenly throughout the population. We exploit a large global firm-level dataset to examine the impact of import competition on employment, wages, and firm performance, as well as the firm, industry, and country factors that mitigate any negative impact of an import shock. In contrast to the results of some well-known single-country studies, we find limited adverse impact of import competition. In some countries and industries, import competition actually strengthens employment growth. In addition, import competition tends to improve average wages, investment, and firm profitability. Country characteristics, such as educational attainment, can also improve employment prospects in response to trade shocks. Finally, we find that firms experiencing greater import competition start with higher average wages; thus any relatively slower employment growth in this group of firms could lead to lower inequality.
North South Trade Employment And Inequality
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Author : Adrian Wood
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 1994-02-17
North South Trade Employment And Inequality written by Adrian Wood and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-02-17 with Business & Economics categories.
This book argues that expansion of trade between developed and developing countries is the main cause of rising economic inequality in the USA and of chronic unemployment in Europe. It explains how these problems could be tackled without raising barriers to trade or jeopardising the progress of the Third World. The policy issues identified are central to the current reappraisal of economic and social priorities in the USA and Europe and to the continuing debate over Third World development strategy. - ;Drawing on three fields of economics (international, labour, and development), this study shows that expansion of North-South trade in manufactures has had a far greater impact on labour markets than earlier work suggested. In the South, unskilled workers have benefited most from this trade, but in the North the gains have been concentrated on skilled labour, while unskilled workers have suffered falling wages and rising unemployment. This decline in the economic position of unskilled workers has increased inequality, and aggravated crime and other forms of social corrosion, on both sides of the Atlantic. The failure of Northern governments to recognise that trade with the South has these adverse side-effects, and to take appropriate counter-measures, has fuelled the rise of protectionism - the worst possible response, which slows economic progress in both regions. The best solution for the longer term in the North is more investment in education, to raise the supply of skilled labour. However, the benefits of this investment will emerge only slowly. During the next one or two decades, Professor Wood argues, measures are also urgently needed to boost the demand for, and incomes of, unskilled workers. - ;A masterly account of a highly topical issue -
The Impact Of Trade On Inequality In Developing Countries
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Author : Nina Pavcnik
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
The Impact Of Trade On Inequality In Developing Countries written by Nina Pavcnik and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Equality categories.
This paper assesses the current state of evidence on how international trade shapes inequality and poverty through its influence on earnings and employment opportunities. While the focus is mainly on developing countries, in part because we have more evidence in that context, the discussion draws parallels to the empirical evidence from developed countries. The paper also discusses perceptions about international trade in over 40 countries at different levels of development, including perceptions on trade’s overall benefits for the economy, trade’s effect on the livelihood of workers through wages and jobs, and trade’s contribution to inequality. The paper concludes with a survey of evidence on several policies that could mitigate the adverse effects of import competition.
Blue Collar Blues
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Author : Robert Z. Lawrence
language : en
Publisher: Peterson Institute
Release Date : 2008
Blue Collar Blues written by Robert Z. Lawrence and has been published by Peterson Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Electronic books categories.
Jobs And Incomes In A Globalizing World
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Author : Ajit Kumar Ghose
language : en
Publisher: International Labour Organization
Release Date : 2003
Jobs And Incomes In A Globalizing World written by Ajit Kumar Ghose and has been published by International Labour Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Business & Economics categories.
This work offers fresh analysis of the nature of globalisation and its consequences for the international division of labour, global economic inequality and the phenomenon of brain drain from developing countries. Presenting results of new research, it offers a current assessment of the labour market effects of trade liberalisation - the core of globalisation - in industrialised and developing countries
Analysing Effects Of International Trade On Global Income Inequality And Employment
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Author : Ali Ismael Mohammed Alsamawi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Analysing Effects Of International Trade On Global Income Inequality And Employment written by Ali Ismael Mohammed Alsamawi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Gini coefficient categories.
Trade And Employment
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Author : Bernard M. Hoekman
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2005
Trade And Employment written by Bernard M. Hoekman and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Commerce categories.
"The substantial literature investigating the links between trade, trade policy, and labor market outcomes-both returns to labor and employment-has generated a number of stylized facts, but many open questions remain. This paper surveys the subset of the literature focusing on trade policy and integration into the world economy. Although in the longer run trade opportunities can have a major impact in creating more productive and higher paying jobs, this literature tends to take employment as given. A common finding is that much of the shorter run impacts of trade and reforms involve reallocation of labor or wage impacts within sectors. This reflects a pattern of expansion of more productive firms-especially export-oriented or suppliers to exporters-and contraction and adjustment of less productive enterprises in sectors that become subject to greater import competition. Wage responses to trade and trade reforms are generally greater than employment impacts, but trade can only explain a small fraction of the general increase in wage inequality observed in both industrial and developing countries in recent decades. A feature of the literature survey is that the focus is almost exclusively on industries producing goods. Given the importance of service industries as a source of employment and determinants of competitiveness, the paper argues that one priority area for future research is to study the employment effects of services trade and investment reforms. "--World Bank web site.
Trade Wars Are Class Wars
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Author : Matthew C. Klein
language : en
Publisher: Yale University Press
Release Date : 2020-01-01
Trade Wars Are Class Wars written by Matthew C. Klein and has been published by Yale University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
"This is a very important book."--Martin Wolf, Financial TimesA provocative look at how today's trade conflicts are caused by governments promoting the interests of elites at the expense of workers Longlisted for the 2020 Financial Times & McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award "Worth reading for [the authors'] insights into the history of trade and finance."--George Melloan, Wall Street Journal Trade disputes are usually understood as conflicts between countries with competing national interests, but as Matthew C. Klein and Michael Pettis show, they are often the unexpected result of domestic political choices to serve the interests of the rich at the expense of workers and ordinary retirees. Klein and Pettis trace the origins of today's trade wars to decisions made by politicians and business leaders in China, Europe, and the United States over the past thirty years. Across the world, the rich have prospered while workers can no longer afford to buy what they produce, have lost their jobs, or have been forced into higher levels of debt. In this thought-provoking challenge to mainstream views, the authors provide a cohesive narrative that shows how the class wars of rising inequality are a threat to the global economy and international peace--and what we can do about it.
Trade And Employment
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Author : Marion Jansen
language : en
Publisher: International Labour Organization
Release Date : 2007
Trade And Employment written by Marion Jansen and has been published by International Labour Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Business & Economics categories.
Discusses the relationship between trade and employment and the way in which trade policies and labour market policies affect this relationship.
Trade And Inequality In Europe And The Us
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Author : David Dorn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Trade And Inequality In Europe And The Us written by David Dorn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Equality categories.
The share of low-income countries in global exports nearly tripled between 1990 and 2015, driven largely by the rapid emergence of China as an exporting powerhouse. While research in economics had long acknowledged that trade with lower-income countries could raise income inequality in Europe and the US, empirical estimates indicated only a modest contribution of trade to growing national skill premia. However, if workers are not highly mobile across firms, industries and locations, then the unequal impacts of trade can manifest along different margins. Recent evidence from countries across Europe and the US shows that growing import competition from China differentially reduced earnings and employment rates for workers in more trade-exposed industries, and for the residents of more trade-exposed geographic regions. These adverse impacts were often largest for lower-skilled individuals. We show that domestic manufacturing employment declined much more in countries that saw a large growth of net imports from China (such as the UK and the US), than in countries that maintained relatively balanced trade with China (such as Germany and Switzerland). Drawing on a new analysis for the UK, we further show that trade with China contributed to job loss in manufacturing, but also to substantial declines in consumer prices. However, while the adverse labour market impacts were concentrated on specific groups of workers and regions, the consumer benefits from trade were widely dispersed in the population, and appear similarly large for high-income and low-income households. Globalisation has thus created pockets of losers, and recent evidence indicates that in addition to financial losses, residents of regions with greater exposure to import competition also suffer from higher crime rates, a deterioration of health outcomes, and a dissolution of traditional family structures. We argue that new import tariffs such as those imposed by the US in 2018 and 2019 are unlikely to help the losers from globalisation. Instead, displaced workers may be better supported by a combination of transfers to avert financial hardship, skills training that facilitate reintegration into the labour market, and place-based policies that stimulate job creation in depressed locations.