Trends In Antimicrobial Resistance Of Urinary Tract Pathogens In Children In Crete Greece A Single Centre Experience
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Trends In Antimicrobial Resistance Of Urinary Tract Pathogens In Children In Crete Greece A Single Centre Experience
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Author : Ioanna Kalaitzidou
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Trends In Antimicrobial Resistance Of Urinary Tract Pathogens In Children In Crete Greece A Single Centre Experience written by Ioanna Kalaitzidou and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
BackgroundUrinary tract infection (UTI) constitutes a common cause of antibiotic use in childhood. Nowadays, there is a growing concern about increasing resistance to antibiotics and emergence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing uropathogens. The aim of the present study was to report the most common UTI pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns among children in Crete and compare the results in the region with those reported ten years ago.MethodsThis 5-year (2012-2016) retrospective study records the uropathogens and their susceptibility patterns among children 30 days to 16 years old, who were discharged with the diagnosis of UTI from a District General Hospital in Crete. After identification of the bacteria, resistance patterns and presence of extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) were detected.ResultsUTI was diagnosed in 284 children (62.0% female; mean age 26 months). The occurrence rates of isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli (E. coli) 75.4%, Klebsiella spp 9.15%, Proteus spp 5.28%, Enterobacter spp 3.87% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3.52%. Antimicrobial resistance of E. coli was most common to ampicillin (41.8%), piperacillin (40.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic (28.6%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) (17.8%). Among E. coli strains, 4.20% were ESBL-producing. Resistance to ampicillin, TMP-SMX and piperacillin was noted for 46.4%, 16.9% and 46.5% of the total uropathogens, respectively, making these agents inappropriate for empirical treatment of febrile UTI in our region. On the other hand, more than 90% of microorganisms were susceptible to ceftriaxone/cefotaxime cefuroxime, and piperacillin/tazobactam, which seem to be effective for treatment of paediatric UTIs.ConclusionsThe antibiotic resistance, although decreasing, is still high in hospitalized children with UTIs in the study area.
Susceptibility Patterns And Clinical Management Of Hospitalised Children With Urinary Tract Infections In Central Greece
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Author : Konstantinos Vazouras
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Susceptibility Patterns And Clinical Management Of Hospitalised Children With Urinary Tract Infections In Central Greece written by Konstantinos Vazouras and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to describe antibiotic prescribing patterns and evaluate resistant rates in hospitalised children with febrile and afebrile UTIs in a district hospital in central Greece.MethodsData was collected retrospectively, including information on antibiograms and antibiotic prescriptions. Patients were included based on clinical and microbiological criteria, while sensitivity to antimicrobials was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.ResultsTwo hundred thirty patients were included in the study. Among 459 prescriptions identified, amikacin (31.2%) was the most common antibiotic prescribed in this population. The following most common antibiotics were amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (17.4%) and ampicillin (13.5%). Children received prolonged intravenous treatments for febrile (5.4 days; SD 1.45) and afebrile UTIs (4.7 days; SD 1.34). A total of 236 pathogens were isolated. The main causative organism was Escherichia coli (79.2%) with high reported resistance rates to ampicillin (42.0%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (26.5%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (12.2%). Lower resistance rates were identified for 3rd generation cephalosporins (1.7%), nitrofurantoin (2.3%), ciprofloxacin (1.3%) and amikacin (0.9%). Klebsiella spp. isolates were highly resistant to cefaclor (27.3%).ConclusionThe establishment of antimicrobial stewardship programs could help to minimise inappropriate prescribing for UTIs in Greek hospitals. UTIs is a key area to monitor antimicrobial resistance in childhood.
Kucers The Use Of Antibiotics
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Author : M. Lindsay Grayson
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-10-02
Kucers The Use Of Antibiotics written by M. Lindsay Grayson and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-02 with Medical categories.
Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics is the definitive, internationally-authored reference, providing everything that the infectious diseases specialist and prescriber needs to know about antimicrobials in this vast and rapidly developing field. The much-expanded Seventh Edition comprises 4800 pages in 3 volumes in order to cover all new and existing therapies, and emerging drugs not yet fully licensed. Concentrating on the treatment of infectious diseases, the content is divided into four sections - antibiotics, anti-fungal drugs, anti-parasitic drugs, and anti-viral drugs - and is highly structured for ease of reference. Each chapter is organized in a consistent format, covering susceptibility, formulations and dosing (adult and pediatric), pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, toxicity, and drug distribution, with detailed discussion regarding clinical uses - a feature unique to this title. Compiled by an expanded team of internationally renowned and respected editors, with expert contributors representing Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, South America, the US, and Canada, the Seventh Edition adopts a truly global approach. It remains invaluable for anyone using antimicrobial agents in their clinical practice and provides, in a systematic and concise manner, all the information required when prescribing an antimicrobial to treat infection.
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance
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Author : L Bryan
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance written by L Bryan and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Health & Fitness categories.
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance presents information regarding the ability of organisms to resist natural and synthetically derived inhibitors. It presents the view of the authors who made significant contributions to the understanding of resistance. The book focuses on inhibitors classified as antifungal, antiviral, and antimalarial, as well as metal ions. It also covers numerous reactions, which have been genetically and biochemically analyzed in this context. Additionally, some chapters cover resistance plasmids of most of the clinically important bacteria. The book is designed to aid those involved in microbiological and pharmaceutical research on antimicrobial agents, clinical infectious diseases and medical microbiology, teaching microbiology and pharmacology, pharmaceutical marketing, and infection control.
Reemergence Of Established Pathogens In The 21st Century
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Author : I.W. Fong
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003-06-30
Reemergence Of Established Pathogens In The 21st Century written by I.W. Fong and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-06-30 with Medical categories.
In the closing decade of the last century, we saw warnings that infectious diseases will require much more attention from patients and physicians in the 21 st century. Recently d- covered diseases such as AIDS pose a major threat to the population at large, and to that threat has been added the re-emergence of established pathogens, microbes that were re- ily treatable in the past. Since infectious diseases already play a major role in the burden of illness and mortality, health care providers and planners are worried. A large proportion of the problem is man-made, arising mainly from the unnecessary overuse of antimicrobials in hospital and community settings and from the agricultural misuse of the agents in animal feed. A consequence has been a dramatic increase in resi- ant strains of bacteria that were considered conquerable several decades ago. Community infections caused by multi-resistant pneumococci serve as an example. These organisms were readily treated with penicillin, but now the spread of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae from continent to continent is becoming a worldwide problem. This is a major concern because pneumococcal infections are common in the community, being the le- ing cause of pneumonia, sinusitis, and meningitis. Resistant bacteria in hospitals are also becoming more prevalent. We have become accustomed to hearing about methicill- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), but now we have to be concerned about multidrug-resistant coliform bacteria and pseudomonads.
Polymyxin Antibiotics
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Author : Jian Li (Pharmacologist)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Polymyxin Antibiotics written by Jian Li (Pharmacologist) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Antibiotics categories.
It is our wish that readers discover the importance of polymyxin structure in relation to the mechanisms of activity, resistance and toxicity. We emphasized that reliable analytic methods for polymyxins are critical when investigating their pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). The complicated dose definitions and different pharmacopoeial standards have already compromised the safe use of polymyxins in patients. Therefore, informed by the latest pharmacological information, scientifically-based dosing recommendations have been proposed for intravenous polymyxins. Considering the PK/PD limitations and potential development of resistance, polymyxin combinations are encouraged; however, the current literature has not shown definite microbiological benefits, possibly because most clinical studies to date overlooked key PK/PD principles. Nephrotoxicity is the major dose-limiting factor and it is imperative to elucidate the mechanisms and develop novel approaches to minimize polymyxin-associated toxicities. In addition, the anti-endotoxin effect of polymyxins supports their clinical use to treat Gram-negative sepsis. Fortunately, the discovery of new-generation polymyxins with wider therapeutic windows has benefited from the latest achievements in polymyxin research.
Functional Somatic Symptoms In Children And Adolescents
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Author : Kasia Kozlowska
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-09-30
Functional Somatic Symptoms In Children And Adolescents written by Kasia Kozlowska and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-30 with Psychology categories.
This open access book sets out the stress-system model for functional somatic symptoms in children and adolescents. The book begins by exploring the initial encounter between the paediatrician, child, and family, moves through the assessment process, including the formulation and the treatment contract, and then describes the various forms of treatment that are designed to settle the child’s dysregulated stress system. This approach both provides a new understanding of how such symptoms emerge – typically, through a history of recurrent or chronic stress, either physical or psychological – and points the way to effective assessment, management, and treatment that put the child (and family) back on the road to health and well-being.
The Cambridge History Of Medicine
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Author : Roy Porter
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2006-06-05
The Cambridge History Of Medicine written by Roy Porter and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-06-05 with Medical categories.
Against the backdrop of unprecedented concern for the future of health care, 'The Cambridge History of Medicine' surveys the rise of medicine in the West from classical times to the present. Covering both the social and scientific history of medicine, this volume traces the chronology of key developments and events.
Principles Of Food Sanitation
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Author : Norman G. Marriott
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Principles Of Food Sanitation written by Norman G. Marriott and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Large volume food processing and preparation operations have increased the need for improved sanitary practices from processing to consumption. This trend presents a challenge to every employee in the food processing and food prepara tion industry. Sanitation is an applied science for the attainment of hygienic conditions. Because of increased emphasis on food safety, sanitation is receiving increased attention from those in the food industry. Traditionally, inexperienced employees with few skills who have received little or no training have been delegated sanitation duties. Yet sanitation employees require intensive training. In the past, these employees, including sanitation program managers, have had only limited access to material on this subject. Technical information has been confined primarily to a limited number of training manuals provided by regulatory agen cies, industry and association manuals, and recommendations from equipment and cleaning compound firms. Most of this material lacks specific information related to the selection of appropriate cleaning methods, equipment, compounds, and sanitizers for maintaining hygienic conditions in food processing and prepara tion facilities. The purpose of this text is to provide sanitation information needed to ensure hygienic practices. Sanitation is a broad subject; thus, principles related to con tamination, cleaning compounds, sanitizers, and cleaning equipment, and specific directions for applying these principles to attain hygienic conditions in food processing and food preparation are discussed. The discussion starts with the importance of sanitation and also includes regulatory requirements and voluntary sanitation programs including additional and updated information on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP).
Probiotic Bacteria And Postbiotic Metabolites Role In Animal And Human Health
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Author : Naheed Mojgani
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-05-13
Probiotic Bacteria And Postbiotic Metabolites Role In Animal And Human Health written by Naheed Mojgani and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-13 with Science categories.
This book covers all aspects of probiotic bacteria and their metabolites, as well as their role and significance in human and animal health. Given the role of probiotic bacterial strains in the production of short chain fatty acids, butyrate etc probiotics may be considered as an alternative approach for the prevention or treatment of intestinal dysbiosis, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, hypertensions. Additionally, the significance of probiotics added in aquaculture systems for improving health, performance and growth of aquatic organisms has been highlighted. In this book, the multi-functional role of probiotics and their post-biotic metabolites in improving overall health status of man and animals, is discussed. It is a comprehensive compilation useful for researchers, academics, veterinarians and students in the field of microbiology, food technology and biotechnology.