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Tritium Isotope Separation From Light And Heavy Water By Bipolar Electrolysis

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Tritium Isotope Separation From Light And Heavy Water By Bipolar Electrolysis

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language : en
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Release Date : 1980

Tritium Isotope Separation From Light And Heavy Water By Bipolar Electrolysis written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with categories.

A process for separating tritium from light and heavy water is described. Hydrogen is transferred at and through bipolar electrodes at rates H> D> T. In a cell containing several bipolar electrodes placed in series between two terminal electrodes, a flow of hydrogen is established from the terminal anode compartment toward the terminal cathode. An electrolyte feed containing tritium is continuously added to the system and is subsequently transported countercurrent to the hydrogen mass transfer. A cascaded system is established, in which effluent streams enriched and depleted in tritium can be withdrawn. The voltage drop is smaller at any bipolar electrode as compared to the voltage for normal electrolysis. Cell design is compact because isotope separation occurs at bipolar electrodes without evolution of gas. Isotope separation was demonstrated in laboratory cells where a steady-state tritium concentration gradient was attained. This gradient was in agreement with concentrations calculated from a derived mathematical model.

Tritium Separation From Light And Heavy Water By Bipolar Electrolysis

DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979

Tritium Separation From Light And Heavy Water By Bipolar Electrolysis written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with categories.

Use of bipolar electrolysis with countercurrent electrolyte flow to separate hydrogen isotopes was investigated for the removal of tritium from light water effluents or from heavy water moderator. Deuterium-tritium and protium-tritium separation factors occurring on a Pd-25% Ag bipolar electrode were measured to be 2.05 to 2.16 and 11.6 to 12.4 respectively, at current densities between 0.21 and 0.50 A cm−2, and at 35 to 90°C. Current densities up to 0.3 A cm−2 have been achieved in continuous operation, at 80 to 90°C, without significant gas formation on the bipolar electrodes. From the measured overvoltage at the bipolar electrodes and the electrolyte conductivity the power consumption per stage was calculated to be 3.0 kwh/kg H2O at 0.2 A cm−2 and 5.0 kwh/kg H2O at 0.5 A cm−2 current density, compared to 6.4 and 8.0 kwh/kg H2O for normal electrolysis. A mathematical model derived for hydrogen isotope separation by bipolar electrolysis, i.e., for a square cascade, accurately describes the results for protium-tritium separation in two laboratory scale, multistage experiments with countercurrent electrolyte flow; the measured tiritum concentration gradient through the cascade agreed with the calculated values.