Trophic Interactions And Psp Toxin Transport In Marine Food Chains During Harmful Algal Blooms Of The Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Fundyense
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Trophic Interactions And Psp Toxin Transport In Marine Food Chains During Harmful Algal Blooms Of The Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Fundyense
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Author : Christian Marie Petitpas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Trophic Interactions And Psp Toxin Transport In Marine Food Chains During Harmful Algal Blooms Of The Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Fundyense written by Christian Marie Petitpas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Alexandrium categories.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense are a recurrent and widespread problem in both coastal and offshore waters of the northeastern United States. A. fundyense produces a suite of potent neurotoxins, collectively known as saxitoxins, that threaten public health with illness called paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). The adverse effects of A. fundyense blooms on public health, marine ecosystems, and local economies have focused much attention on defining the factors that determine the abundance and distribution of this toxic dinoflagellate, and also those that characterize toxin movement in marine food webs. PSP toxins can become concentrated in marine consumers through feeding interactions in both benthic and pelagic food webs. Included are bivalves that directly ingest toxic algae through suspension feeding, as well as pelagic consumers such as fish, marine mammals and birds, which accumulate algal toxins through consumption of contaminated prey. Various forms of zooplankton that feed directly upon toxic algae play two pivotal roles in HAB dynamics : (1) zooplankton grazing on harmful algae represents an important loss factor that can influence bloom development and termination and (2) zooplankton provide the first link in moving algal toxins to higher trophic levels in marine food webs. However, the role of zooplankton grazing remains one of the most poorly understood of the biological controls on A. fundyense blooms. This dissertation had two major goals : (1) to further our understanding of and characterize the role of zooplankton grazing as a loss factor in the ecology of A. fundyense blooms, and (2) to elucidate trophic pathways of PSP toxin transfer in marine planktonic food webs by identifying the community of consumers that are toxin vectors. In order to assess the role of zooplankton grazing on net growth rates of natural A. fundyense populations, incubation experiments were conducted on seawater samples during a natural bloom in spring of 2012 within the Nauset Marsh System (NMS) on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Abundances of both microzooplankton and mesozooplankton grazers were determined in addition to A. fundyense abundances. This study documented net growth rates that were highly variable throughout the bloom. Microzooplankton appeared to exert greater grazing pressure than mesozooplankton. Microzooplankters observed with ingested A. fundyense cells included polychaete larvae, rotifers, tintinnids, and heterotrophic dinoflagellates of the genera Polykrikos and Gymnodinium. This study also highlighted the difficulty in separating the overlapping variability and uncertainties in A. fundyense growth, grazing pressure, germination and encystment even when physical advection minimally impacts the populations. PSP toxin accumulation in the planktonic food web was also examined. During three A. fundyense bloom seasons (2007, 2008, and 2010) the regional A. fundyense bloom in the coastal Gulf of Maine and on Georges Bank was sampled in order to measure PSP toxins in the planktonic food web and identify potential PSP toxin vectors. A fundyense cells and zooplankton were collected by quantitatively pumping seawater from known depths through plankton sieves of various mesh sizes - using half of each sample for toxin analyses and the other half for microscopically counting and identifying A. fundyense and the zooplankton community. Size-fractionated toxin measurements revealed that PSP toxins were widespread throughout all size classes of zooplankton. Diverse assemblages of zooplankton grazers were identified as PSP toxin vectors, including microzooplankton such as tintinnids, heterotrophic dinoflagellates such as Protoperidinium spp., and mesozooplankton grazers such as barnacle nauplii, harpacticoid and calanoid copepods, the marine cladoceran Evadne nordmanni, and hydroids of the genus Clytia. PSP toxin composition in most samples remained fairly consistent during the study, with gonyautoxins (1,2,3, & 4) dominating (>90%) the profile. A fundyense cellular toxin content estimated from field samples was significantly higher in the coastal Gulf of Maine than on Georges Bank, and differences in PSP toxin profiles were also observed - mainly within the composition of the gonyautoxin and carbamate toxin components. This suggests that A. fundyense in the coastal Gulf of Maine and those offshore on Georges Bank are distinct populations.
Harmful Algal Blooms
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Author : Sandra E. Shumway
language : de
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-08-06
Harmful Algal Blooms written by Sandra E. Shumway and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-06 with Science categories.
Harmful Algal Blooms: A Compendium Desk Reference provides basic information on harmful algal blooms (HAB) and references for individuals in need of technical information when faced with unexpected or unknown harmful algal events. Chapters in this volume will provide readers with information on causes of HAB, successful management and monitoring programs, control, prevention, and mitigation strategies, economic consequences of HAB, associated risks to human health, impacts of HAB on food webs and ecosystems, and detailed information on the most common HAB species. Harmful Algal Blooms: A Compendium Desk Reference will be an invaluable resource to managers, newcomers to the field, those who do not have easy or affordable access to scientific literature, and individuals who simply do not know where to begin searching for the information needed, especially when faced with novel and unexpected HAB events. Edited by three of the world's leading harmful algal bloom researchers and with contributions from leading experts, Harmful Algal Blooms: A Compendium Desk Reference will be a key source of information for this increasingly important topic.
Marine Biotoxins
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Author : Hans P. Egmond
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2004
Marine Biotoxins written by Hans P. Egmond and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Algal toxins categories.
This paper provides an extensive review of different aspects of five shellfish-poisoning syndromes (paralytic, diarrhoeic, amnesic, neurologic and azapiracid), as well as one fish-poisoning syndrome (ciguatera fish poisoning), and discusses in detail the causative toxins produced by marine organisms, chemical structures and analytical methods of the toxins, habitat and occurrence of the toxin-producing organisms, case studies and existing regulations. Based on this analysis, risk assessments are carried out for each of the toxins, and recommendations are elaborated to improve the management of these risks in order to reduce the harmful effect of these toxins on public health.
The Ecology And Oceanography Of Toxic Alexandrium Fundyense Blooms In The Gulf Of Maine
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Author : Donald Mark Anderson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
The Ecology And Oceanography Of Toxic Alexandrium Fundyense Blooms In The Gulf Of Maine written by Donald Mark Anderson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Alexandrium categories.
Ecology Of Harmful Algae
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Author : E. Granéli
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-10-04
Ecology Of Harmful Algae written by E. Granéli and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-04 with Nature categories.
Harmful algal can cause a variety of deleterious effects, including the poisoning of fish and shellfish, habitat disruptions for many organisms, water discoloration, beach fouling, and even toxic effects for humans. In this volume, international experts provide an in-depth analysis of harmful algae topics and offer a comprehensive synthesis of the latest research in the field.
Real Time Coastal Observing Systems For Marine Ecosystem Dynamics And Harmful Algal Blooms
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Author : Babin, Marcel
language : en
Publisher: UNESCO
Release Date : 2008-06-05
Real Time Coastal Observing Systems For Marine Ecosystem Dynamics And Harmful Algal Blooms written by Babin, Marcel and has been published by UNESCO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-06-05 with Nature categories.
The proliferation of harmful phytoplankton in marine ecosystems can cause massive fish kills, contaminate seafood with toxins, impact local and regional economies and dramatically affect ecological balance. Real-time observations are essential for effective short-term operational forecasting, but observation and modelling systems are still being developed. This volume provides guidance for developing real-time and near real-time sensing systems for observing and predicting plankton dynamics, including harmful algal blooms, in coastal waters. The underlying theory is explained and current trends in research and monitoring are discussed.Topics covered include: coastal ecosystems and dynamics of harmful algal blooms; theory and practical applications of in situ and remotely sensed optical detection of microalgal distributions and composition; theory and practical applications of in situ biological and chemical sensors for targeted species and toxin detection; integrated observing systems and platforms for detection; diagnostic and predictive modelling of ecosystems and harmful algal blooms, including data assimilation techniques; observational needs for the public and government; and future directions for research and operations.
Global Ecology And Oceanography Of Harmful Algal Blooms
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Author : Patricia M. Glibert
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-04-26
Global Ecology And Oceanography Of Harmful Algal Blooms written by Patricia M. Glibert and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-26 with Science categories.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) - blooms that cause fish kills, contaminate seafood with toxins, or cause human or ecological health impacts and harm to local economies - are occurring more often, in more places and lasting longer than in past decades. This expansion is primarily the result of human activities, through increased nutrient inputs and various aspects of climate change. The Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) programme promoted international collaboration to understand HAB population dynamics in various oceanographic regimes and to improve the prediction of HABs. This volume introduces readers to the overarching framework of the GEOHAB programme, factors contributing to the global expansion of harmful algal blooms, the complexities of HABs in different habitats, and the forward-looking issues to be tackled by the next generation of GEOHAB, GlobalHAB. The programme brought together an international team of contributing scientists and ecosystem managers, and its outcomes will greatly benefit the international research community.
Marine Biotoxins And Seafood Poisoning
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Author : Pedro Reis Costa
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2019-11-21
Marine Biotoxins And Seafood Poisoning written by Pedro Reis Costa and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-21 with Science categories.
Marine biotoxins may pose a threat to the human consumption of seafood and seafood products. The increasing global trade and higher demand for seafood products worldwide represents a challenge for food safety authorities, policy makers, food business operators, and the scientific community, in particular, researchers devoted to environmental sciences, toxicology, and analytical chemistry. In addition, due to changes in climate conditions and technological developments, new and emerging marine toxins are being detected in regions where they were previously unknown. This Special Issue highlight studies aiming to the develop detection methods for marine biotoxins for better understanding the dynamics of accumulation/elimination of marine biotoxins and their effects on marine organisms, as well as toxin exposure studies that aim to evaluate the risks associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood.
Marine Biotoxins
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Author : Fao
language : en
Publisher: Daya Books
Release Date : 2007
Marine Biotoxins written by Fao and has been published by Daya Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Algal toxins categories.
This paper provides an extensive review of different aspects of five shellfish-poisoning syndromes (paralytic, diarrhoeic, amnesic, neurologic and azapiracid), as well as one fish-poisoning syndrome (ciguatera fish poisoning). It discusses in detail the causative toxins produced by marine organisms, chemical structures and analytical methods, habitat and occurrence of the toxin-producing organisms, case studies and existing regulations. Based on this analysis, risk assessments are carried out for each of the toxins, and recommendations are elaborated to improve the management of these risks in order to reduce the harmful effects of these toxins on public health. Contents Chapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP); Chemical structures and properties, Methods of analysis, Source organism(s) and habitat, Occurrence and accumulation in seafood, Toxicity of PSP toxins, Prevention of PSP intoxication, Cases and outbreaks of PSP, Regulations and monitoring; Chapter 3: Diarrhoeic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP); Chemical structures and properties, Methods of analysis, Source organism(s) and habitat, Occurrence and accumulation in seafood, Toxicity of DSP toxins, Prevention of DSP intoxication, Cases and outbreaks of DSP, Regulations and monitoring; Chapter 4: Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP); Chemical structures and properties, Methods of analysis, Source organism(s) and habitat, Occurrence and accumulation in seafood, Toxicity of ASP toxins, Prevention of ASP toxins, Prevention of ASP intoxication, Cases and outbreaks of ASP, Regulations and monitoring; Chapter 5: Neurologic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP); Chemical structures and properties, Methods of analysis, Source organism(s) and habitat, Occurrence and accumulation in seafood, Toxicity of NSP toxins, Prevention of NSP intoxication, Cases and outbreaks of NSP, Regulations and monitoring; Chapter 6: Azaspiracid Shellfish Poisoning (AZP); Chemical structures and properties, Methods of analysis, Source organism(s) and habitat, Occurrence and accumulation in seafood, Toxicity of AZP toxins, Prevention of AZP intoxication, Cases and outbreaks of AZP, Regulations and monitoring; Chapter 7: Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP); Chemical structures and properties of ciguatoxins, Methods of analysis, Source organism(s), habitat and distribution, Occurrence and accumulation in seafood, Toxicity of CFP toxins, Prevention of CFP intoxication, Cases and outbreaks of CFP, Regulations and monitoring; Chapter 8: Risk Assessment; Risk assessment for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PS), Risk assessment for diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning (DSP), Risk assessment for Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), Risk assessment for neurologic shellfish poisoning (NSP), Risk assessment for azaspiracid shellfish poisoning (AZP), Risk assessment for ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP); Chapter 9: Conclusions and Recommendations; Conclusions, Recommendations.
Algal Toxins In Seafood And Drinking Water
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Author : Ian R. Falconer
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Algal Toxins In Seafood And Drinking Water written by Ian R. Falconer and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Science categories.
Red tides in the sea and bright green lakes and rivers are becoming features of our degraded world environment. These events, caused by algae and the toxins they produce, are often associated with poisoning of people or livestock resulting in injury to health and economic loss. This volume provides definitive information on the identification of toxin marine and freshwater algae, the routine analysis and effects of algal toxins, their veterinary and public health impact, and on control measures in current use. Professionals in the food and water industry, and those working in public health and environmental ecology will find this book extremely useful.