Tuning Energy Transport In Solar Thermal Systems Using Nanostructured Materials
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Tuning Energy Transport In Solar Thermal Systems Using Nanostructured Materials
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Author : Andrej Lenert
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Tuning Energy Transport In Solar Thermal Systems Using Nanostructured Materials written by Andrej Lenert and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Solar thermal energy conversion can harness the entire solar spectrum and theoretically achieve very high efficiencies while interfacing with thermal storage or back-up systems for dispatchable power generation. Nanostructured materials allow us to tune the spectral properties and heat transfer behavior to enable such systems. However, under high temperature conditions, thermal management, system optimization and minimization of parasitic losses are necessary to achieve competitive solar power generation. This thesis seeks to achieve spectral control and thermal management through manipulation of nanostructured materials. First, this thesis presents the design and development of a nanophotonic solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) that harnesses the full spectrum of the sun, in a solid-state and scalable way. Through device optimization and control over spectral properties at high temperatures (~1300 K), a device that is 3 times more efficient than previous STPVs is demonstrated. To achieve this result, a framework was developed to identify which parts of the spectrum are critical and to guide the design of nanostructured absorbers and emitters for STPVs. The work elucidated the relative importance of spectral properties depending on the operating regime and device geometry. Carbon nanotubes and a silicon/silicon dioxide photonic crystal were used to target critical properties in the high solar concentration regime; and two-dimensional metallic photonic crystals were used to target critical properties in the low solar concentration regime. A versatile experimental platform was developed to interchangeably test different STPV components without sacrificing experimental control. In addition to demonstrating significant improvements in STPV efficiency, an experimental procedure to quantify the energy conversion and loss mechanisms helped improve and validate STPV models. Using these validated models, this thesis presents a scaled-up device that can achieve 20% efficiencies in the near term. With potential integration of thermal-based storage, such a technology can supply power efficiently and on-demand, which will have significant implications for adoption of STPVs. Second, the thesis shifts focus away from solid-state systems to thermal-fluid systems. A new figure of merit was proposed to capture the thermal storage, heat transfer and pumping power requirements for a heat transfer fluid is a solar thermal system. Existing and emerging fluids were evaluated based on the new metric as well as practical issues. Finally, sub-micron phase change material (PCM) suspensions are investigated for simultaneous enhancement of local heat transfer and thermal storage capacity in solar thermal systems. A physical model was developed to explain the local heat transfer characteristics of a flowing PCM suspension undergoing melting. A mechanism for enhancement of heat transfer through.control over the distribution of PCM particles inside a channel was discovered and explained. Together, this thesis makes significant contributions towards improving our understanding of the role and the effective use of nanostructured materials in solar thermal systems.
Nanostructured Materials For Next Generation Energy Storage And Conversion
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Author : Tulay Aygan Atesin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-11-15
Nanostructured Materials For Next Generation Energy Storage And Conversion written by Tulay Aygan Atesin and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Nanostructured Materials for Next-Generation Energy Storage and Conversion: Photovoltaic and Solar Energy, is volume 4 of a 4-volume series on sustainable energy. Photovoltaic and Solar Energy while being a comprehensive reference work, is written with minimal jargon related to various aspects of solar energy and energy policies. It is authored by leading experts in the field, and lays out theory, practice, and simulation studies related to solar energy and allied applications including policy, economic and technological challenges. Topics covered include: introduction to solar energy, fundamentals of solar radiation, heat transfer, thermal collection and conversion, solar economy, heating, cooling, dehumidification systems, power and process heat, solar power conversion, policy and applications pertinent to solar energy as viable alternatives to fossil fuels. The aim of the book is to present all the information necessary for the design and analysis of solar energy systems for engineers, material scientists, economics, policy analysts, graduate students, senior undergraduates, solar energy practitioner, as well as policy or lawmakers in the field of energy policy, international energy trade, and libraries which house technical handbooks related to energy, energy policy and applications.
Energy Systems And Nanotechnology
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Author : Dharmendra Tripathi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-05-27
Energy Systems And Nanotechnology written by Dharmendra Tripathi and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents a very useful and readable collection of chapters in nanotechnologies for energy conversion, storage, and utilization, offering new results which are sure to be of interest to researchers, students, and engineers in the field of nanotechnologies and energy. Readers will find energy systems and nanotechnology very useful in many ways such as generation of energy policy, waste management, nanofluid preparation and numerical modelling, energy storage, and many other energy-related areas. It is also useful as reference book for many energy and nanofluid-related courses being taken up by graduate and undergraduate students. In particular, this book provides insights into various forms of renewable energy, such as biogas, solar energy, photovoltaic, solar cells, and solar thermal energy storage. Also, it deals with the CFD simulations of various aspects of nanofluids/hybrid nanofluids.
Solar Thermal Systems And Applications
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Author : Mohsen Sheikholeslami
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2024-05-28
Solar Thermal Systems And Applications written by Mohsen Sheikholeslami and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Solar Thermal Systems and Applications: New Design Techniques for Improved Thermal Performance brings together the latest advances for the improved performance, efficiency, and integration of solar thermal energy (STE) technology. The book begins by introducing solar energy and solar thermal energy as a viable option in terms of green energy for industrial, commercial, and residential applications, as well as its role and potential within hybrid energy systems. This is followed by detailed chapters that focus on key innovations in solar thermal energy systems, covering novel approaches and techniques in areas such as flat plate solar collectors, modified evacuated tube solar collectors, solar parabolic trough collectors, linear Fresnel reflectors, photovoltaic thermal systems, phase change materials, nanotechnology, combined PVT-PCM systems, solar thermal systems and Trombe wall design, solar still units, and solar dish systems. Throughout the book, the coverage is supported by experimental and numerical modelling methods, and techniques are discussed and assessed with a view to improved electrical and thermal efficiency and performance. This is a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students in solar energy, thermal engineering, hybrid energy systems, renewable energy, mechanical engineering, nanotechnology, and materials science. This is also of interest to engineers, R&D professionals, scientists, and policy makers with an interest in solar thermal energy (STE) in an industrial, residential, or commercial setting. Introduces solar thermal energy (STE) and details the current state and future opportunities Reviews and analyzes the latest advances in solar thermal energy technology, design, methods, and applications Covers, in detail, the role of phase change materials and nanomaterials in STE systems
Containment Materials For Solar Thermal Energy Transport Systems An Overview Of Research And Development Needs
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Containment Materials For Solar Thermal Energy Transport Systems An Overview Of Research And Development Needs written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with categories.
Amphiphilic Polymer Co Networks
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Author : Costas S Patrickios
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2020-04-23
Amphiphilic Polymer Co Networks written by Costas S Patrickios and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-23 with Science categories.
Amphiphilic polymer co-networks (APCNs) are a type of polymeric hydrogel, their hydrophobic polymer segments and hydrophilic components produce less aqueous swelling, giving better mechanical properties than conventional hydrogels. This new class of polymers is attracting increasing attention, resulting in further basic research on the system, as well as new applications. This book focuses on new developments in the field of APCNs, and is organised in four sections: synthesis, properties, applications and modelling. Co-network architectures included in the book chapters are mainly those deriving from hydrophobic macro-cross-linkers, representing the classical approach; however, more modern designs are also presented. Properties of interest discussed include aqueous swelling, thermophysical and mechanical properties, self-assembly, electrical actuation, and protein adsorption. Applications described in the book chapters include the use of co-networks as soft contact lenses, scaffolds for drug delivery and tissue engineering, matrices for heterogeneous biocatalysis, and membranes of controllable permeability. Finally, an important theory chapter on the modelling of the self-assembly of APCNs is also included. The book is suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in hydrogels, polymer networks, polymer chemistry, block copolymers, self-assembly and nanomaterials, as well as their applications in contact lenses, drug delivery, tissue engineering, membranes and biocatalysis.
Nanotechnology Applications In Green Energy Systems
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Author : Tangellapalli Srinivas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022-01-13
Nanotechnology Applications In Green Energy Systems written by Tangellapalli Srinivas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-13 with Technology & Engineering categories.
"This book will be beneficial for students, researchers and scientists working in the field of green energy systems. In the last few decades, green energy technologies have gained significant interest. The increase of heat transfer in green energy technologies is one of the most important concerns in energy collection, energy storage, energy utilization, energy conservation, and optimum design. Since nanofluids/nano-enhanced phase change materials are used to increase heat transfer characteristics and thermal properties compared to conventional fluids/phase change materials, the performance of green energy technologies can be improved. These novel strategies are gaining interest to researchers and authors in recent years. This book presents the various applications of nanofluids, hybrid nanofluids, and nano-enhanced phase change materials in green energy technologies such as solar thermal energy storage, photovoltaic/thermal systems, tracking and non-tracking solar collectors, solar thermal power plant, and wind turbine cooling systems. The thermophysical properties of the nanofluids and nano-enhanced phase change materials are also presented. This book also overviews the challenges and opportunities in implementing the nanofluids/nano-enhanced phase change materials application in green energy technologies"--
Nanostructured Materials For Next Generation Energy Storage And Conversion
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Author : Fan Li
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-02-01
Nanostructured Materials For Next Generation Energy Storage And Conversion written by Fan Li and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The energy crisis and pollution have posed significant risks to the environment, transportation, and economy over the last century. Thus, green energy becomes one of the critical global technologies and the use of nanomaterials in these technologies is an important and active research area. This book series presents the progress and opportunities in green energy sustainability. Developments in nanoscaled electrocatalysts, solid oxide and proton exchange membrane fuel cells, lithium ion batteries, and photovoltaic techniques comprise the area of energy storage and conversion. Developments in carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and hydrogen (H2) storage using tunable structured materials are discussed. Design and characterization of new nanoscaled materials with controllable particle size, structure, shape, porosity and band gap to enhance next generation energy systems are also included. The technical topics covered in this series are metal organic frameworks, nanoparticles, nanocomposites, proton exchange membrane fuel cell catalysts, solid oxide fuel cell electrode design, trapping of carbon dioxide, and hydrogen gas storage.
Nanostructure Design And Interface Engineering For Solar Energy Conversion
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Author : Yanhao Yu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Nanostructure Design And Interface Engineering For Solar Energy Conversion written by Yanhao Yu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Increasing energy and environmental demand have promoted the exploration of research in green and renewable energy besides fossil fuel, including solar, nuclear, biomass, hydro, wind, mechanical, and thermal energy. The renewable source is expected to account for 50% of installed power generation by 2030. Among the various renewable energy sources, solar irradiation is the most popular target since it widely shines around the entire earth. To accomplish practical sunlight conversion, photoelectrodes desirably need the following features: efficient light absorption, rapid charge separation and transport, and superior stability in the harsh environment. These properties are predominantly determined, and thus can be effectively tuned, by the geometry configuration, the surface chemistry, and the electronic band structure of electrode materials. Aiming at developing efficient solar conversion systems, this dissertation primarily focuses on designing sophisticated electrode frameworks, tuning their interfacial electronic band structures, and engineering their surface chemistry. Chapter 1 is a general review covering the atomic layer deposition (ALD)-based three dimensional (3D) nanostructure design and surface protecting strategy for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. This background lays the foundation for understanding the evolution mechanism of 3D TiO2 discussed in chapter 2 and chapter 3, reveals the motivation of the polymer doping study discussed in chapter 4, highlights the significance of the interfacial electronic band and chemistry control discussed in chapter 5 and chapter 6. The main discussion starts with a tree-like 3D TiO2 nanowire (NW) architecture manufactured through coupling a vapor phase Kirkendall effect and a high temperature ALD process. Compared with conventional one dimensional NW geometry, the 3D architecture can accomplish enhanced light absorption and promoted interfacial electrochemical reactions without comprising the superior charge transfer property of NWs, giving rise to 7 times improvement of PEC photocurrent density. When integrating with lead iodide perovskite solar cell, this 3D TiO2 achieved almost 2 times higher power conversion efficiency over ZnO and TiO2 NWs due to the effective loading of photoactive perovskite. Concurrently, the unique vapor solid Kirkendall effect discovered during the 3D TiO2 fabrication is able to transform a variety of ZnO nanostructures into hollow TiO2 with conserved morphology code, providing a new methodology for hierarchical material assembly. Afterwards, on the basis of sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS), a facile polymer doping approach that can efficiently modify the bulk electronic properties of polymers is introduced. Taking triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) as an example, we doped the triboelectric polymers with metal oxides such as AlO[x] and ZnO[x]. Consequently, the bulk and surface electrical property of triboelectric polymers were successfully altered towards the desired direction and therefore simultaneously enhance the output and stability of electronic devices. Later on, we demonstrate a tuning of electronic band structure fulfilled through permanent ferroelectric polarization. By converting TiO2 NW surface to a ferroelectric barium titanate (BTO) thin film, the amplitude and width of the depletion region of TiO2 NW were effectively manipulated as a response to the BTO ferroelectric charge. Accordingly, the charge separation efficiency and photocurrent density were altered towards the favorable direction. Under optimized condition, 67% enhancement of photocurrent density was accomplished. The last part of the dissertation presents a low temperature TiO2 protecting strategy for silicon PEC photoanodes. Such a thin TiO2 protection can simultaneously improve the photocurrent density and operational stability of a black silicon PEC electrode. The exceptional PEC performance was found to be a result of the promoted charge separation efficiency, which was attributed to the effective TiO2 passivation of the defective sites on black silicon surface. Meanwhile, this ALD-grown TiO2 film is able to decouple the chemically unstable black silicon from the corrosive electrochemical reactions, resulting in a significant improvement of operational stability under both in-air and in-electrolyte conditions.
Thermal Transport In Nanoporous Materials For Energy Applications
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Author : Jin Fang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Thermal Transport In Nanoporous Materials For Energy Applications written by Jin Fang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The present study investigates the complex relationship between nanostructures and microscale thermal transport in nanoporous thin films for energy applications. It experimentally and numerically demonstrates that the effective thermal conductivity of nanoporous materials can be tuned by controlling their nanoscale architectures including porosity, pore diameter, wall thickness, nanocrystal size, and crystallinity as well as surface passivation. This study reports measurements of the cross-plane thermal conductivity of nanoporous thin films with various architectures between 25 and 315 K. Physics-based models combining phonon transport theory and effective medium approximations were developed to interpret the experimental data. Ordered mesoporous titania and silicon thin films were prepared based on evaporation-induced self-assembly method. Pure silica zeolite films were produced by either in-situ growth or by spin coating a zeolite nanoparticle suspension followed by crystal growth upon heating. These synthesized thin films were systematically and fully characterized. They featured ordered nanopores with porosity, pore diameter, and film thickness ranging from 30% to 59%, 0.5 to 25 nm, and 120 to 370 nm, respectively. Their dense matrix was amorphous, polycrystalline, or consisted of an aggregate of nanocrystals. The thermal conductivity of all synthesized nanoporous films increased monotonically with temperature within the temperature range considered. At low temperatures, the nanoporous films behaved like amorphous or strongly disordered materials and their thermal conductivity was proportional to T^n with n varied between 1 and 2.3. At high temperatures, the thermal conductivity increased slowly with temperature or reached a plateau due to strong phonon Umklapp scattering and the saturation of phonon modes. The presence of pores in amorphous mesoporous thin films had a purely geometrical effect by reducing the cross-sectional area through which heat can diffuse. By contrast, in crystalline mesoporous thin films the presence of pores also increased phonon scattering. In addition, the film thickness generally did not affect the measured thermal conductivity. Indeed, phonon scattering by pores and by nanocrystal grain boundary dominated over boundary scattering and were identified as the dominant scattering mechanisms for nanoscale energy transport in the synthesized nanoporous films. This study further establishes that the effective thermal conductivity keff of crystalline nanoporous silicon was strongly affected not only by the porosity fv and the system's length Lz but also by the pore interfacial area concentration Ai. A modified effective medium approximation combining kinetic theory and the coherent potential approximation suggested that keff was proportional to (1-1.5fv) and inversely proportional to the sum (Ai/4+1/Lz). This scaling law was in excellent agreement with the thermal conductivity of nanoporous silicon predicted by molecular dynamics simulations for spherical pores as well as for cylindrical pores and vacancy defects. Finally, this study demonstrated, using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, that surface passivation added another parameter for reducing the thermal conductivity of nanostructured materials. To do so, there should be strong acoustic vibrational modes coupling between surface and passivation atoms. For example, oxygen passivation reduced the thermal conductivity of nanoporous crystalline silicon. In addition, the effect of passivation reduced with temperature because of increasing contribution of Umklapp scattering. These results could help establish new strategies to control the thermal conductivity of nanoporous materials for a wide range of applications including thermoelectric devices, supercapacitors, dye-sensitized solar cells, and hydrogen storage devices.