Two Essays In Applied Economics
DOWNLOAD
Download Two Essays In Applied Economics PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Two Essays In Applied Economics book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Two Essays On Applied Economics Of Organizations
DOWNLOAD
Author : Juan Santalo-Mediavilla
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Two Essays On Applied Economics Of Organizations written by Juan Santalo-Mediavilla and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Business enterprises categories.
Two Essays In Applied Economics
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jerome Segura (III)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Two Essays In Applied Economics written by Jerome Segura (III) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
I provide two exercises which attempt to arrive at consistent estimates through the utilization of various instrumental variable (IV) and general method of moments (GMM) estimation approaches. My first study asks: is social network formation pro-cyclical or counter-cyclical? While viewing social network formation as an investment concept at the individual level is well-established, how this mechanism is affected by aggregate fluctuations has not yet been studied. I use the General Social Survey (1972-2010) to empirically test the net effect of aggregate fluctuations on individual-level social network investment. In my estimation, I attempt to address the reflection problem through the application of the Lee (2007) linear-in-means model which is most recently applied in Bramoullé et al. (2009) and Boucher et al. (2012). I also attempt to address possible bias resulting from unobserved heterogeneity. My findings indicate that social network investment is counter-cyclical. I use alternative measures of business cycle fluctuations and ad-hoc reference group formations; the results remain robust to these alternative measures and specifications. My second study asks: what are the growth effects of state and local fiscal policy. In deriving my estimable equation I combine a partial adjustment process with a factor market approach for modeling regional output. I utilize dynamic panel data estimation procedures in an attempt to arrive at a more refined set of estimates for the growth effects associated with state and local fiscal policy. I use annual observations for 48 contiguous U.S. jurisdictions ranging from 1977-2008 to empirically test the net effect of government fiscal policy on the growth rate of gross state product (GSP). To my knowledge, this is the first study which attempts to address the potential endogeneity of state and local fiscal policy. My findings indicate a large degree of heterogeneity between regions in response to effective tax rate hikes by state and local government. Although these results are robust to an alternative sample and following a reduction in the number of instruments, I am unable to verify the robustness of the estimated coefficients after a number of other alternative specifications. I interpret the results as an indication that policymakers should err on the side of caution in extrapolating the results of empirical studies to their own states and time periods.
Essays In Applied Economics Second Edition New Impression
DOWNLOAD
Author : Arthur Cecil Pigou
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1965
Essays In Applied Economics Second Edition New Impression written by Arthur Cecil Pigou and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1965 with categories.
Essays On Applied Economics
DOWNLOAD
Author : Renato Nunes de Lima Seixas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Essays On Applied Economics written by Renato Nunes de Lima Seixas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
This dissertation is comprised of two essays that apply tools from applied microeconomics and empirical methods to study important issues in agriculture, environment and health economics. The unifying topic of the essays is the use of economic reasoning and careful research design to identify causal relationships using observational data. In the first essay, I investigate the environmental effects due to pesticides for two different genetically modified (GM) seeds: insect resistant (IR) cotton and herbicide tolerant (HT) soybeans. Using an agricultural production model of a profit maximizing competitive farm, I derive predictions that IR trait decreases the amount of insecticides used and HT trait increases the amount of less toxic herbicides. While the environmental impact of pesticides for IR seeds is lower, for the HT seeds the testable predictions are ambiguous: scale and substitution effects can lead to higher or lower environmental impacts. I use a dataset on commercial farms use of pesticides and biotechnology in Brazil to document environmental effects of GM traits. I explore within-farm variation for farmers planting conventional and GM seeds to identify the effect of adoption on the environmental impact of pesticides measured as quantity of active ingredients of chemicals and the Environmental Impact Quotient index. The findings show that the IR trait reduces the environmental impact of insecticides and the HT trait increases environmental impact due to weak substitution among herbicides of different toxicity levels. This is an important result for three reasons. First, it contributes to uncover environmental effects that have been hidden by the qualitative nature of the change mix of herbicides induced by HT trait. Second, environmental policy makers designing policies for biotechnology adoption might consider this new evidence to differentiate among GM traits that produce positive or negative externalities. Finally, the composition of the EIQ index suggests that the environmental impact of pesticides can have multiple dimensions that might involve farmworker health and safety, consumer safety and ecological impacts. Hence, the results on HT soybeans points to additional avenues of work that should be taken to evaluate each of these possible channels since they can also affect other important outcomes such as human capital accumulation. The second essay studies the behavior of mark-up for antihistaminic medicines, used as a treatment for allergy symptoms caused by seasonal high pollen concentration on air, and test whether it's consistent with models of dynamic price competition with fluctuating demand. I draw on the empirical tests of the theory of dynamic price competition which examine the response of observed price-cost margins - retail minus wholesale prices - to expected demand, controlling for current demand. Using a dataset of retail sales, I estimate a reduced form model that captures some of the characteristics of the dynamic price competition with cyclical demand. It consists of a relationship between prices of antihistaminic drugs and measures of pollen concentration on air, taking into account the current level of demand in a given market. Under two basic assumptions - the marginal costs of drugs in each city is the same and level of pollen concentration on air works as a proxy for the expected demand in a given week and prices respond positively to those expectations -, I find evidence that the behavior of the retail margins is consistent with the predictions of models of dynamic price competition under cyclical demand. The essay makes a contribution to understand the dynamics of behavior in oligopolistic markets that might be of interest to academics and practitioners who wants to understand conduct and performance of industrial markets.
The Development Frontier
DOWNLOAD
Author : Péter Tamás Bauer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
The Development Frontier written by Péter Tamás Bauer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Business & Economics categories.
Bauer (emeritus, London School of Economics) describes and analyzes major features of the emergence of less developed countries from subsistence to exchange economies, and from their subsequent advance. The 17 essays focus on significant topics and issues that are neglected or treated inadequately or inappropriately in the literature on economic development. Six of the essays were written specifically for this volume, two are reprinted with only minor changes, and the remainder are substantially revised versions of previous publications. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Essays In Applied Economics
DOWNLOAD
Author : Sharmistha Nag
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Essays In Applied Economics written by Sharmistha Nag and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Farm rents categories.
My dissertation concerns two separate issues. The first issue is examined in Essay One, and the second issue is examined in Essays Two and Three. The first essay develops an economic model of the determination of the rental rate of leased farmland in the United States. Particular attention is placed on the exchange rates, a variable that can strongly affect both the foreign demand for U.S. agricultural products and the prices of inputs used in U.S. agricultural production. The essay explores whether the U.S. exchange rate could have an influence on cash rental rates for farmland in five U.S. corn-belt states. An econometric model shows that farmland cash rents have a strongly positive correlation with the U.S. dollar, in terms of its real value relative to major agricultural trading partners. The correlation appears to be most strongly caused by the fact that the dollar is inversely related with the price of key inputs. A strong dollar may therefore be associated with higher net returns, in which case farmers are willing to accept higher cash rents. The second essay examines research portfolio choice in academic bioscience. Using survey data from 1067 academic bioscientists in 80 major U.S. universities, this essay explores whether and to what extent funding agencies influence university bioscientists' research portfolio choices. I consider a bioscientist who selects a category of research topics based upon its basicness and on the size or scale of the research object. Research object scale classifications are sub-cellular or cellular, organ or organism, and ecosystem. In addition to the sources and sizes of financial grants, I consider other factors that could influence academic research choice, such as the scientist's ethical or professional norms, university type or infrastructure, and in-kind laboratory support. I hypothesize that the source and size of financial support strongly influence scientists' research choices. However, I find that funding source does not have a substantial impact on the basicness and object scale of university biotechnology research. University type - and in-kind research support such as genomic databases, soft ware, and equipment - have relatively larger influences on these laboratory research portfolios. The third essay examines fund-raising and productivity in academic bioscience. Academic scientists have two important goals: attracting research money and publishing research results. These two goals appear to be related to one another. The premise of this third essay is that university bioscience research productivity simultaneously determines and is determined by the sizes and sources of grant funds. I use extensive survey data on individual laboratory university bioscientists to test this hypothesis, employing scientists' professional norms and experience, and the type of university at which they work, as exogenous factors. I find, under rather strong ceteris paribus conditions, that scientists' publication rates greatly affect their funding successes and that funding success affects publication rates. Federal funding is more publication-rate affected than is state or private funding. Controlling for other factors - including the scientist's total budget - laboratory labor usage affects laboratory output, implying that scientists misallocate resources between labor and non-labor inputs. In particular, they recruit too few research personnel and direct too many of their laboratory resources toward such non-labor factors as laboratory equipment, cell lines, and reagents.
Essays In Applied Economics
DOWNLOAD
Author : Tuomo Virkola
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Essays In Applied Economics written by Tuomo Virkola and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Equality categories.
This thesis consists of three articles in applied economics. In the first essay, I consider the extent to which informational frictions between workers and jobs can be alleviated with short-term contracts in the early career. I leverage a program at a Finnish university which gave out randomly selected students an internship subsidy for a three-month paid internship. I match these students to administrative data to track their transition to labor markets in the years around the program and find evidence that the program significantly improved early labor market success. In the second essay, I study the effect of social sorting on family formation and inequality across households. I leverage the institutional features of Finnish high-school assignments to evaluate how exposure to highskilled, high-socioeconomic -status peers affect the quality of social ties individuals form. I find that while high schools are an important meeting place for future spouses, but that exposure to higher quality peers will not affect the eventual partner characteristics. This suggests that policies aiming to mix individuals from various backgrounds may not always work anticipated. In the third essay, I study with two co-authors the causes and consequences of broadly defined inequality and democratization using Finland as a natural experiment. We find evidence that the 19th famine affected inequality and labour coercion and thus the balance of political power. On the other hand, we find that these developments were critical in explaining both the increasing threat of revolution and participation in the Finnish civil war in the early 20th century and a subsequent shift to democratization. Areas that initially experienced higher growth in inequality, also experienced the most significant shift to redistribution in the aftermath of the war.
Applied Economics In The Digital Era
DOWNLOAD
Author : James Alleman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-05-16
Applied Economics In The Digital Era written by James Alleman and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-16 with Science categories.
Gary Madden was a renaissance man with respect to the nexus between information and communications technology (ICT) and economics. He contributed to a variety of fields in ICT: applied econometrics, forecasting, internet governance and policy. This series of essays, two of which were co-authored by Professor Madden prior to his untimely death, cover the range of his research interests. While the essays focus on a number of ICT issues, they are on the frontier of research in the sector. Gerard Faulhaber provides a broad overview of how we have reached the digital age and its implications. The applied econometric section brings the latest research in the area, for example Lester Taylor illustrates how own-price, cross-price and income elasticities can be calculated from survey data and translated into real income effects. The forecasting section ranges from forecasting online political participation to broadband’s impact on economic growth. The final section covers aspects of governance and regulation of the ICT sector.
Three Essays On Applied Economics
DOWNLOAD
Author : Sang-Cheol Shin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Three Essays On Applied Economics written by Sang-Cheol Shin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
In this dissertation three essays were presented. In the first two essays we measure the consumer welfare changes caused by U.S. meat price changes. In the third essay the dynamic structure of international gasoline prices using the time series methodology is investigated. In chapter II, we investigate the U.S. consumer behavior on meat consumption depending on a linear expenditure system (LES), and then we simulate the welfare effects of a set of price changes on the U.S. meat consumption. The simulation results show that the amount of consumer welfare change for each meat is not same across the meats under the same percentage change of price. The simulation results also show that when all the prices are doubled the total amount of CV reaches almost the same amount of current total quarterly expenditures for the three meats. In chapter III, we apply the compensating variation (CV) approach for the measurement of consumer welfare losses associated with beef price changes. We applied the long-run cointegrating relationship in vector error correction model (VECM) to estimate the Marshallian demand function. Apparently, the use of long-run cointegration in VECM in deriving the direct Marshallian demand function to measure the consumer welfare change is the first attempt in the literature. This is one of the contributions of the study. The simulation results show that the amount of consumer welfare change for beef is compatible with the one derived from LES methodology. In chapter IV, an empirical framework to summarize the interdependence of four international gasoline markets (New York, U.S. Gulf Coast, Rotterdam and Singapore) is presented. For that purpose, we employ a structural VECM and directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). To solve the identification problem in structural VECM, we apply DAGs derived from contemporaneous VECM innovations. The impulse response functions show that the time period in which a shock in a market affects the other market is very short. Forecast error variance decompositions (FEVD) shows that in all markets, except the U.S. Gulf Coast market, current and past shocks in their own market explained the most of the volatility in their own market in the Short-run.
Four Essays In Applied Economics
DOWNLOAD
Author : Christoph Basten
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Four Essays In Applied Economics written by Christoph Basten and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Economics categories.