Two Essays In Environmental Economics And Offshoring

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Two Essays In Environmental Economics And Offshoring

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Author : Mohan Zhou
language : en
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
Release Date : 2017-01-26

Two Essays In Environmental Economics And Offshoring written by Mohan Zhou and has been published by Open Dissertation Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-26 with categories.

This dissertation, "Two Essays in Environmental Economics and Offshoring" by Mohan, Zhou, 周默涵, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: This dissertation consists of two independent studies. The first study belongs to the field of environmental economics and the second is on international trade, with a focus on offshoring. In the first study, we investigate firm investment in advanced abatement technology under a heterogeneous firms framework. In contrast to existing literature, we find that the optimal level of investment in advanced abatement technology is an inverted U-shaped function of firm productivity. More-productive firms have superior environmental performance, in the sense that they have lower emission per unit of output. Comparative statics shows that in response to a tighter environmental regulation, more-productive firms tend to raise their investment in advanced abatement technology while less-productive firms do the opposite. Key theoretical predictions are confirmed by Chinese data. The second study analyzes the decision of a multinational firm from a developed country to slice a production chain to allocate different tasks of the production chain globally. The process involves a wide range of tasks that varies from very routine jobs to very research and development (R&D) intensive work. We find that under certain conditions, a drop in offshoring costs (1) leads to more slicing (an increase in the length of production chain) and more offshoring, (2) stimulates R&D, and (3) raises employment in the developed country. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5089971 Subjects: Environmental economics Offshore outsourcing

Two Essays In Environmental Economics And Offshoring

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Author : 周默涵
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Two Essays In Environmental Economics And Offshoring written by 周默涵 and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Environmental economics categories.

Essays In Environmental Economics And International Trade

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Author : Wenxin Xie
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

Essays In Environmental Economics And International Trade written by Wenxin Xie and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.

The first two chapters of this dissertation seek to understand how climate change affects labor market outcomes and manufacturing firms in developing country contexts. Chapter One provides worker-level evidence in Brazil on different labor market adjustment margins with respect to extreme heat shocks and the underlying transmission mechanism. Exploiting rich employer-employee matched data, I find that quarterly heat shocks lead to significant increases in the propensity of manufacturing-worker layoff through the direct labor productivity channel. A significant proportion of manufacturing workers who experienced heat-related layoffs fail to find any formal employment within 36 months. These results show that heat shocks lead to persistent negative employment effect in the formal manufacturing labor market due to failure in job transitions over the medium run. In Chapter Two, I turn the focus to manufacturing firms in Indonesia. In a heterogeneous firm model with capital-biased productivity, I incorporate temperature shocks through the direct labor productivity channel and illustrate how less productive firms decide on production and re-optimize factor intensity as temperature increases. Empirically, I match gridded daily weather data with the Indonesian firm-level industrial surveys. I find that under heat shocks, the initially less productive firms are more likely to exit, highlighting the presence of survival bias intrinsic to firm-level intensive margin analysis. Second, on the aggregate, resources reallocate from less to more productive firms within industries. Among surviving firms, we observe factor substitution from unskilled to skilled workers, and firms switching from using domestic to foreign intermediate inputs. Chapter Three investigates how global commodity price booms affect land use and forest management, and the factors that influence sustainable environmental practices of mining firms. We employ a spatial and temporal lens, by collecting proprietary data on more than 30,000 mines located around the world and matching the location of these mines to high-resolution satellite imagery. This allows a granular study of the relationship between commodity prices and loss of forest cover worldwide, as well as the spatial distribution of global mines in relation to changes in land-use patterns and local economic activities as measured by nighttime luminosity. We find a positive elasticity of forest cover loss. Mine owners from rich countries display larger disparity in the elasticity of forest cover loss when operating in low versus high income countries. Our estimates suggest that the early 2000s "commodity super-cycle" contributes to roughly 8%-20% of the observed total deforestation around mining sites and that mining-induced deforestation is not limited to the immediate surroundings of mining pits.

Two Essays In Environmental Economics

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Author : Mark Eugene Eiswerth
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988

Two Essays In Environmental Economics written by Mark Eugene Eiswerth and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Air pollution control industry categories.

Essays In Industrial Organization And Environmental Economics

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Author : Katalin Springel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005

Essays In Industrial Organization And Environmental Economics written by Katalin Springel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.

This dissertation studies both theoretically and empirically how the allocation of subsidies might matter for economic outcomes in a two-sided market framework. The first chapter establishes a non-neutrality result with respect to subsidy allocation in the price theory of two-sided markets with membership externalities building on the works of Rochet and Tirole (2006) and Armstrong (2006). There are many examples of two-sided (or more generally, multi-sided) markets in which two (or more) groups of agents interact via intermediaries or “platforms.” The distinguishing feature of these markets is the presence of cross-group externalities: the benefit enjoyed by a member on one side depends on the number of members on the other side of the market. Examples of two-sided markets include: video game platforms, news media, credit cards, and electric vehicles. A basic feature of two-sided markets established by Rochet and Tirole (2006) is the non-neutrality of price structure, that is, how usage fees or membership prices are allocated between the two sides of the market have an impact on economic outcomes like buyer demand. In this work, I consider whether this non-neutrality in the price allocation carries over to the case of subsidies (or taxes) in two-sided markets. Specifically, I develop a stylistic two-sided market model to show that subsidies to the different sides of the market are non-neutral, in the sense that one dollar spent on subsidies given to one side of the market has a different economic impact as the same amount spent on subsidies given to end-users on the other side of the market. This result is driven by a key feature of two-sided markets: the positive network externalities between the two sides of the market. The non-neutrality of the allocation of subsidies has important implications for such quickly growing industries like the electric vehicle market in which currently most governments are subsidizing both sides of the market. Therefore, if we really want to learn where to give subsidies to achieve the policy goal of increased electric vehicle sales the findings of this chapter show that we need to empirically estimate the impact of price subsidies to buyers versus direct subsidies to charging stations using a two-sided market framework. The second chapter, building on the non-neutrality result of the first chapter, provides an empirical analysis of the impact of electric vehicle incentives on electric vehicle adoption that highlights the importance of accounting for the network externalities present in this market. I model the electric vehicle sector as a two-sided market with network externalities to determine which side of the market is more efficient to subsidize depending on key vehicle demand and charging station supply primitives. I use new, large-scale vehicle registry data from Norway to empirically estimate the impact that different subsidies have on electric vehicle adoption when network externalities are present. I present descriptive evidence to show that electric vehicle purchases are positively related to both consumer price and charging station subsidies. I then estimate a structural model of consumer vehicle choice and charging station entry, which incorporates flexible substitution patterns and allows me to analyze out-of-sample predictions of electric vehicle sales. In particular, the counterfactuals compare the impact of direct purchasing price subsidies to the impact of charging station subsidies. I find that between 2010 and 2015 every 100 million Norwegian kroner (around 12.39 million USD) spent on station subsidies alone resulted in 835 additional electric vehicle purchases compared to a counterfactual in which there are no subsidies on either side of the market. The same amount spent on price subsidies led to only an additional 387 electric vehicles being sold compared to a simulated scenario where there were no electric vehicle incentives. However, the relation inverts with increased spending, as the impact of station subsidies on electric vehicle purchases tapers off faster.

Essays On Environmental Economics And Policy

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Author : William Reed Walker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Essays On Environmental Economics And Policy written by William Reed Walker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.

My dissertation investigates these questions in the context of programs and policies that are important in their own right. Chapters 1 and 2 of my dissertation explore the economic costs and distributional implications associated with the largest environmental regulatory pro- gram in the United States, the Clean Air Act. Chapters 3 and 4 examine the social costs of air pollution in the context of transportation externalities, showing how effective transportation policy has additional co-benefits in the form of environmental policy. My dissertation remains unified in both its subject matter and methodological approach - using unique sources of data and sound research designs to understand important issues in environmental policy.

Essays In Environmental Economics

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Author : Bevin Meredith Ashenmiller
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006

Essays In Environmental Economics written by Bevin Meredith Ashenmiller and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.

The three essays included consider unintended consequences of state bottle laws on labor markets. Eleven U.S. states have enacted "bottle laws" that encourage household recycling of beverage container materials through a deposit-refund program.

Essays On International And Environmental Economics

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Author : Jacob Wibe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Essays On International And Environmental Economics written by Jacob Wibe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.

This thesis consists of three chapters employing quantitative open economy models to study international trade transmission, the economic impacts of climate change, and remittance transfers. The first chapter examines the role of production sharing and trade in the transmission of the 2008-2009 recession. In the model, production sharing is represented by a tradable sector that produces a composite good exclusively for the foreign market. The results suggest that trade transmission can account for 72% of the fall in output in Canada, 19% of the fall in output in Mexico, and about two-thirds of the fall in trade for both countries. The counterfactual experiments find that production sharing can account for about 40% of the fall in international trade, and 12% of the fall in output. The second chapter quantifies the net economic impact of climate change and climate change policy on the Canadian economy. We combine a small open economy model of Canada with the ANEMI model, an integrated assessment model developed at Western University. We find that while a carbon tax that holds the stock of global emissions below the 550 ppm level would yield positive net benefits for the world economy, the impact of such a tax on the Canadian economy would be negative. (Joint with Jim MacGee and Jim Davies). The third chapter examines the impact of remittance transfers on the allocation of productive factors across sectors in Latin American and Caribbean countries. It extends a two-sector open economy model to include an endogenous migration decision. Key findings are that net recipients of remittance payments experience a reallocation of productive factors from the tradable sector to the non-tradable sector, and that the benefit from remittance inflows is lower for countries which have a relatively less productive non-tradable sector.

Essays In Environmental Economics

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Author : Tobias Kruse
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

Essays In Environmental Economics written by Tobias Kruse and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.

Essays On Environmental Economics And Resource Management

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Author : Bin Sun
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007

Essays On Environmental Economics And Resource Management written by Bin Sun and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Environmental economics categories.

This dissertation includes 3 essays that study two important topics in environmental economics and resource management.