Two Essays In Food Economics
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Two Essays In Food Economics
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Author : Yawotse Nouve
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Two Essays In Food Economics written by Yawotse Nouve and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Economic and physical access to healthy and nutritious foods have been targets of public policies worldwide. While the policy emphasis may differ depending on the country, the end goal is to achieve food security for all. This thesis, organized in two essays, is an attempt to contribute to understanding the factors affecting the access to healthy foods and their implications for the households' food security. The first essay focuses on the issues contributing to rising food prices. The research uses time series analysis of monthly food prices in Togo over the period 1998 to 2017 to determine first, the levels of unconditional and conditional volatility in major food commodity prices, and then, the drivers of those price changes. The results reveal that fluctuations in food prices, as measured by volatilities, has increased in the last ten years. In addition, the results of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Error Correction Models (ECM) estimations indicate that the observed price variabilities of food commodities in Togo may depend on the agricultural production seasonality and domestic fuel price. The findings suggest that any policies that stabilize the domestic fuel price and that address the seasonality of the agricultural markets will most likely contribute to stabilizing the market prices of food commodities. The second essay focuses on healthy diet issues. The study is an empirical analysis to identify potential determinants of healthy food consumption in the United States using the USDA ERS Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS) data on households' food acquisitions and health. Two diet quality indices, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) score and the primary food shopper assessment of households' diet are used in the analysis. The results suggest that food shopping at superstores and supermarkets, higher income, eating home cooked meals more frequently, and a higher education level are associated with a healthier diet quality. Conversely, the distance from the nearest food store may adversely affect households' diet quality. The implications of the study are that improving economic as well as geographic access to healthy food stores and promoting nutrition education in the United States are likely to promote healthier diets.
Essays On The Economics Of Food Product Quality
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Author : Apichaya Lilavanichakul
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Essays On The Economics Of Food Product Quality written by Apichaya Lilavanichakul and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Two Essays On Climate Change And Agriculture
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2000
Two Essays On Climate Change And Agriculture written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Business & Economics categories.
Agriculture and climate changes are closely linked. Agriculture has a significant impact on the process of climate change. There is uncertainty surrounding the implications of climate change for agricultural production. This document consists of two studies on this relationship. The first study provides an analysis of the various methodologies that have been used to measure the potential impacts of climate change on agricultural production and makes suggestions for further research. The second study is on the impact of agriculture on climate. It gives a detailed analysis of the potential for implementing the Clean Development Mechanism proposed under the Kyoto Protocol Convention on Climate Change in the agricultural sector of developing countries along with the relevant policy implications and requirements
Two Essays On Socio Economic Aspects Of Soil Degradation
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2001
Two Essays On Socio Economic Aspects Of Soil Degradation written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Business & Economics categories.
Contents: Dirt poor: poverty, farmers and soil resource investment/ by Leslie Lipper; Methodological issues in analysing the linkages between socio-eocnomic and environmental systems/ by Dan Osgood and Leslie Lipper. Includes 1-page abstracts in French, Spanish and Arabic
Three Essays On Agricultural Policy And Food Demand
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Author : Jing Zhao (Economist)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Three Essays On Agricultural Policy And Food Demand written by Jing Zhao (Economist) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
These essays study important causes and interactions of agricultural policy and food demand. Essay one identifies the pattern of wheat support and income over historical data. The results indicate that income has statistically significant effects on wheat support, the pattern is nonlinear and varies among support mechanisms, and this relationship permits estimation of the future support. Essay two examines the effect of China wheat stock policies in 2006-2013 on the market using a structural economic model. Simulation results suggest that government stock policies stabilized wheat market prices, if measured by the standard deviation, and raised production in China. Essay three applies fixed effect and demand system models to estimate how refrigerator ownership affects food consumption in rural China. Refrigerator ownership reduces total food expenditure and meat consumption quantity, according to the estimation results, and might increase the expenditure share of perishable foods, like meat, egg and seafood. Taken as a whole, the results suggest that scientists should consider the impact of expanding refrigerator ownership, recognize the potential effect of public stocks on the evolution of price, and include the income-to-support relationship in long-run analysis to generate more accurate projections of consumption, price volatility, and agricultural support.
Essays On The Economics Of Food Availability And Food Deserts
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Author : Lauren Chenarides
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Essays On The Economics Of Food Availability And Food Deserts written by Lauren Chenarides and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
This dissertation investigates food access and underserved areas in the U.S. In essay one, I document how in-store product availability varies nationally across different food retailing landscapes, and place these findings in context with existing food desert literature. In essay two, I adapt a demand model, featuring the Distance Metric method, that explicitly incorporates in-store attributes, store type, and store location to infer household behavior around price sensitivity, store switching, and expenditure sensitivity. In essay three, I conduct an equilibrium analysis of store choice that relates both the demand side, from chapter three, and supply side to store attributes, including price-cost margins and product assortment. Using this framework, I simulate changes in the food retailing landscape, based on a hypothetical policy-informed scenario, to investigate resulting costs and benefits to consumers and food retailers. Understanding the interdependencies between firm behavior, consumer reaction, and geographic variation in consumer demographics provides a foundation to examine the impacts of limited food access and policies that might address the problems associated with limited food access.
Three Essays On The Economics Of Food And Health Behavior
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Author : Elizbeth Robison Botkins
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Three Essays On The Economics Of Food And Health Behavior written by Elizbeth Robison Botkins and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
In recent years the `farm to table' trend, the idea of understanding linkages between agricultural supply, food systems, and the food that is consumed, has been growing in popularity. This dissertation takes this idea a step further and examines topics on the progression from `farm to health outcomes.' It is important to recognize not only that food systems impact the way consumers eat, but that those food choices impact health outcomes and the way that medical care is consumed. The three essays of this dissertation examine three separate points along this continuum to improve the understanding of how food systems, food choice, health outcomes, and healthcare consumption interact. The first essay evaluates factors associated with school districts' decisions to participate in farm to school (FTS) programs. I leverage the USDA's Farm to School Census to analyze factors associated with FTS participation, the types of FTS activities implemented, and the challenges faced by participating school districts. I use spatially articulate data to estimate the spatial spillover effects of FTS participation. The results demonstrate that both school characteristics and local farm production factors are associated with FTS participation. The estimated spatial spillover effect is positive, suggesting that areas with a high penetration of FTS activities have lower barriers associated with implementing FTS programs. In my second essay, I shift to evaluating how parent-child pairs make the daily school lunch decision. Meals served in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) are on average more healthful than alternatives, implying that increasing participation in the NSLP can improve nutrition for a large number of children. However, there is little understanding of the household decision process that determines participation in the NSLP. This study uses a parent-child choice experiment to assess the impact of both parent and child on NSLP participation. The results show that both have a significant impact on the chosen meal, where parents are concerned with meal palatability and nutrition, while the child only cares about palatability. The decision is also influenced by the household structure and demographics, and the inclusion of local foods in the school lunch option. My final essay evaluates how access to medical care can impact lifestyle choices. I evaluate if there is an ex ante moral hazard effect in health insurance markets. Ex ante moral hazard occurs when an individual takes on more risk knowing they will not bear the full cost of the consequences. In the case of health insurance, this could mean taking on unhealthful eating habits knowing that if these habits lead to illness the cost of care will be covered by insurance. Using panel data from the National Longitudinal Youth Survey 1997, I find evidence of an ex ante moral hazard effect in BMI, binge drinking, and smoking, suggesting that people take on less healthful behaviors, holding all else constant, when they have health insurance. The existence of ex ante moral hazard suggests that insurance companies can seek efficiency gains by finding ways to structure policies that diminish this moral hazard effect.
Modern Agricultural And Resource Economics And Policy
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Author : Harry de Gorter
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-23
Modern Agricultural And Resource Economics And Policy written by Harry de Gorter and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-23 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume celebrates the life and career of Gordon Rausser, pioneer and leader in natural resource economics, while critically overviewing the emerging literature in the field. As the chair of the Agriculture and Resource Economics department at UC Berkeley, Rausser led the transformation of the department from a traditional agricultural economics department to a diverse resource economics department addressing issues of agriculture, food, natural resources, environmental economics, energy, and development. This book builds on this theme, showcasing not only the scope of Rausser's work but also key developments in the field. The volume is organized into two parts. The first part speaks about the lessons of Gordon Rausser's career, in particular, his role as a leader in different spheres, his capacity to integrate teaching and entrepreneurship, and his impact on the world food system. The second part will address some of the significant developments in the field he contributed to and how it relates to his work. The chapters include contributions from modern leaders in the economics field and cover diverse topics from many subfields including public policy, public finance, law, econometrics, macroeconomics, and water resources. Providing an excellent reference, as well as a celebration of a pivotal figure in the field, this volume will be useful for practitioners and scholars in agricultural and resource economics, especially the many individuals familiar with Gordon Rausser and his career.
Essays On The World Food Crisis
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Author : Randall Stace Romero-Aguilar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Essays On The World Food Crisis written by Randall Stace Romero-Aguilar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Abstract: During the Global Food Price Crisis of 2007-2011, millions of people suffered hunger because food had become too expensive. To cope with this problem, the governments of several countries implemented policies to decouple the food prices in their domestic markets from prices in the international market or, at least, to provide assistance to the most vulnerable. Two of the most usual tools employed by governments trying to control prices were the restriction of food exports and the establishment and operation of food reserves, both of them seeking to increase the domestic supply of food in times of crisis. The three essays in this dissertation investigate the potential benefits and shortcoming of these policies.
Three Essays On Food Economics Studies
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Author : Hongli Wei
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Three Essays On Food Economics Studies written by Hongli Wei and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
In this dissertation research, we first study how legislations governing nutrients in food production have influenced consumer behaviors and firm choices. Taking margarine and spreads as the product category of choice, Chapter 1 analyzes how consumers and firms responded to the 2006 implementation of the NLEA trans fats labeling guidelines. Our results show that product offerings with "trans fat free" labels increased shortly after 2006, while consumer purchases of products with "trans fat free" labels also surged promptly after the labeling policy was implemented. However, in general, we find the short-term effects of trans fat labeling to be significantly larger than the long-term effects. In Chapter 2, we extend the previous research in estimating consumers' willingness to pay for trans fat using scanner data on purchases of microwavable popcorn from 2006 to 2014, after mandatory labeling was instituted. Product-level multinomial logit model results suggest that trans fat content on average increases consumer demand, with significant regional preference heterogeneity. Consumers in the Northeast have a higher preference for trans fat popcorn than in the other three regions. In addition, we find evidence to show that this positive preference for trans fat has become stronger since the 2006 mandatory labeling rule, implying that consumers value the taste of trans fat over trans fat health concerns. Chapter 3 explores the WIC infant formula rebate program, which awards a single-source contract to the firm that offers the lowest net bid price. We find different spillover patterns by comparing three types of formula: top WIC infant formula, non-WIC infant formula, and toddler formula. In particular, immediately after the contract change, there is a significant increase in market share for all three types of formula for the winning manufacturer due to greater shelf space, better product placement, and the advantages of carrying WIC labels. Our empirical results suggest that losing manufacturers still enjoy a spillover privilege in the toddler formula market from consumers' brand loyalty. Over time, the spillover effect increases the winner's share and decreases the losers' shares for all infant formula, which may reflect a combined impact of recommendations from physicians and WIC participants. Lastly, we observe that winning manufacturers increase the price of top WIC and all other infant formula and decrease the price of toddler formula over time. The spillover effect allows losing manufacturers to increase prices for all three types of formula at least 2 years after a contract change.