Ultrafast Structural Dynamics In Combustion Relevant Model Systems
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Ultrafast Structural Dynamics In Combustion Relevant Model Systems
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Ultrafast Structural Dynamics In Combustion Relevant Model Systems written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
The research project explored the time resolved structural dynamics of important model reaction system using an array of novel methods that were developed specifically for this purpose. They include time resolved electron diffraction, time resolved relativistic electron diffraction, and time resolved Rydberg fingerprint spectroscopy. Toward the end of the funding period, we also developed time-resolved x-ray diffraction, which uses ultrafast x-ray pulses at LCLS. Those experiments are just now blossoming, as the funding period expired. In the following, the time resolved Rydberg Fingerprint Spectroscopy is discussed in some detail, as it has been a very productive method. The binding energy of an electron in a Rydberg state, that is, the energy difference between the Rydberg level and the ground state of the molecular ion, has been found to be a uniquely powerful tool to characterize the molecular structure. To rationalize the structure sensitivity we invoke a picture from electron diffraction: when it passes the molecular ion core, the Rydberg electron experiences a phase shift compared to an electron in a hydrogen atom. This phase shift requires an adjustment of the binding energy of the electron, which is measurable. As in electron diffraction, the phase shift depends on the molecular, geometrical structure, so that a measurement of the electron binding energy can be interpreted as a measurement of the molecule's structure. Building on this insight, we have developed a structurally sensitive spectroscopy: the molecule is first elevated to the Rydberg state, and the binding energy is then measured using photoelectron spectroscopy. The molecule's structure is read out as the binding energy spectrum. Since the photoionization can be done with ultrafast laser pulses, the technique is inherently capable of a time resolution in the femtosecond regime. For the purpose of identifying the structures of molecules during chemical reactions, and for the analysis of molecular species in the hot environments of combustion processes, there are several features that make the Rydberg ionization spectroscopy uniquely useful. First, the Rydberg electron's orbit is quite large and covers the entire molecule for most molecular structures of combustion interest. Secondly, the ionization does not change vibrational quantum numbers, so that even complicated and large molecules can be observed with fairly well resolved spectra. In fact, the spectroscopy is blind to vibrational excitation of the molecule. This has the interesting consequence for the study of chemical dynamics, where the molecules are invariably very energetic, that the molecular structures are observed unobstructed by the vibrational congestion that dominates other spectroscopies. This implies also that, as a tool to probe the time-dependent structural dynamics of chemically interesting molecules, Rydberg spectroscopy may well be better suited than electron or x-ray diffraction. With recent progress in calculating Rydberg binding energy spectra, we are approaching the point where the method can be evolved into a structure determination method. To implement the Rydberg ionization spectroscopy we use a molecular beam based, time-resolved pump-probe multi-photon ionization/photoelectron scheme in which a first laser pulse excites the molecule to a Rydberg state, and a probe pulse ionizes the molecule. A time-of-flight detector measures the kinetic energy spectrum of the photoelectrons. The photoelectron spectrum directly provides the binding energy of the electron, and thereby reveals the molecule's time-dependent structural fingerprint. Only the duration of the laser pulses limits the time resolution. With a new laser system, we have now reached time resolutions better than 100 fs, although very deep UV wavelengths (down to 190 nm) have slightly longer instrument functions. The structural dynamics of molecules in Rydberg-excited states is obtained by delaying the probe ionization p ...
Handbook Of Experimental Structural Dynamics
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Author : Randall Allemang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-30
Handbook Of Experimental Structural Dynamics written by Randall Allemang and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-30 with Science categories.
The SEM Handbook of Experimental Structural Dynamics stands as a comprehensive overview and reference for its subject, applicable to workers in research, product design and manufacture, and practice. The Handbook is devoted primarily to the areas of structural mechanics served by the Society for Experimental Mechanics IMAC community, such as modal analysis, rotating machinery, structural health monitoring, shock and vibration, sensors and instrumentation, aeroelasticity, ground testing, finite element techniques, model updating, sensitivity analysis, verification and validation, experimental dynamics sub-structuring, quantification of margin and uncertainty, and testing of civil infrastructure. Chapters offer comprehensive, detailed coverage of decades of scientific and technologic advance and all demonstrate an experimental perspective. Several sections specifically discuss the various types of experimental testing and common practices utilized in the automotive, aerospace, and civil structures industries. · History of Experimental Structural Mechanics · DIC Methods - Dynamic Photogrammetry · LDV Methods · Applied Digital Signal Processing · Introduction to Spectral - Basic Measurements · Structural Measurements - FRF · Random and Shock Testing · Rotating System Analysis Methods · Sensors Signal Conditioning Instrumentation · Design of Modal Tests · Experimental Modal Methods · Experimental Modal Parameter Evaluation · Operating Modal Analysis Methods · Analytical Numerical Substructuring · Finite Element Model Correlation · Model Updating · Damping of Materials and Structures · Model Calibration and Validation in Structures · Uncertainty Quantification: UQ, QMU and Statistics · Nonlinear System Analysis Methods (Experimental) · Structural Health Monitoring and Damage Detection · Experimental Substructure Modeling · Modal Modeling · Response (Impedance) Modeling · Nonlinear Normal Mode Analysis Techniques (Analytical) · Modal Modeling with Nonlinear Connection Elements (Analytical) · Acoustics of Structural Systems (VibroAcoustics) · Automotive Structural Testing · Civil Structural Testing · Aerospace Perspective for Modeling and Validation · Sports Equipment Testing · Applied Math for Experimental Structural Mechanics Contributions present important theory behind relevant experimental methods as well as application and technology. Topical authors emphasize and dissect proven methods and offer detail beyond a simple review of the literature. Additionally, chapters cover practical needs of scientists and engineers who are new to the field. In most cases, neither the pertinent theory nor, in particular, the practical issues have been presented formally in current academic textbooks. Each chapter in the Handbook represents a ’must read’ for someone new to the subject or for someone returning to the field after an absence. Reference lists in each chapter consist of the seminal papers in the literature. This Handbook stands in parallel to the SEM Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics, where this Handbook focuses on experimental dynamics of structures at a macro-scale often involving multiple components and materials where the SEM Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics focuses on experimental mechanics of materials at a nano-scale and/or micro-scale.
Structural Dynamics
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Author : Mario Paz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Structural Dynamics written by Mario Paz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
solution, are provided for calculation of the responses to forces or motions exciting the structure. The new chapters in earthquake-resistant design of buildings describe the provisions of both the 1985 and 1988 versions of the UBC (Uniform Building Code) for the static lateral force method and for the dynamic lateral force method. Other revisions of the book include the presentation of the New mark beta method to obtain the time history response of dynamic systems, and the direct integration method in which the response is found assuming that the excitation function is linear for a specified time interval. A modifi cation of the dynamic condensation method, which has been developed re cently by the author for the reduction of eigenproblems, is presented in Chap ter 13. The proposed modification substantially reduces the numerical operation required in the implementation of the dynamic condensation method. The subjects in this new edition are organized in six parts. Part I deals with structures modeled as single degree-of-freedom systems. It introduces basic concepts and presents important methods for the solution of such dynamic systems. Part II introduces important concepts and methodology for multi degree-of-freedom systems through the use of structures modeled as shear buildings. Part III describes methods for the dynamic analysis of framed struc tures modeled as discrete systems with many degrees of freedom.
Analysis And Control Of Ultrafast Photoinduced Reactions
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Author : Oliver Kühn
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-07-05
Analysis And Control Of Ultrafast Photoinduced Reactions written by Oliver Kühn and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-07-05 with Science categories.
This book summarizes several years of research carried out by a collaboration of many groups on ultrafast photochemical reactions. It emphasizes the analysis and characterization of the nuclear dynamics within molecular systems in various environments induced by optical excitations and the study of the resulting molecular dynamics by further interaction with an optical field.
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Aeronautics categories.
Structural Dynamics With X Ray And Electron Scattering
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Author : Kasra Amini
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2023-12-20
Structural Dynamics With X Ray And Electron Scattering written by Kasra Amini and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-20 with Science categories.
Comprehensive Biophysics
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2012-04-12
Comprehensive Biophysics written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-12 with Science categories.
Biophysics is a rapidly-evolving interdisciplinary science that applies theories and methods of the physical sciences to questions of biology. Biophysics encompasses many disciplines, including physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology, biochemistry, medicine, pharmacology, physiology, and neuroscience, and it is essential that scientists working in these varied fields are able to understand each other's research. Comprehensive Biophysics, Nine Volume Set will help bridge that communication gap. Written by a team of researchers at the forefront of their respective fields, under the guidance of Chief Editor Edward Egelman, Comprehensive Biophysics, Nine Volume Set provides definitive introductions to a broad array of topics, uniting different areas of biophysics research - from the physical techniques for studying macromolecular structure to protein folding, muscle and molecular motors, cell biophysics, bioenergetics and more. The result is this comprehensive scientific resource - a valuable tool both for helping researchers come to grips quickly with material from related biophysics fields outside their areas of expertise, and for reinforcing their existing knowledge. Biophysical research today encompasses many areas of biology. These studies do not necessarily share a unique identifying factor. This work unites the different areas of research and allows users, regardless of their background, to navigate through the most essential concepts with ease, saving them time and vastly improving their understanding The field of biophysics counts several journals that are directly and indirectly concerned with the field. There is no reference work that encompasses the entire field and unites the different areas of research through deep foundational reviews. Comprehensive Biophysics fills this vacuum, being a definitive work on biophysics. It will help users apply context to the diverse journal literature offering, and aid them in identifying areas for further research Chief Editor Edward Egelman (E-I-C, Biophysical Journal) has assembled an impressive, world-class team of Volume Editors and Contributing Authors. Each chapter has been painstakingly reviewed and checked for consistent high quality. The result is an authoritative overview which ties the literature together and provides the user with a reliable background information and citation resource
Science
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Author : John Michels (Journalist)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Science written by John Michels (Journalist) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Science categories.
Energy And Water Development Appropriations For 2008 Dept Of Energy Fy 2008 Budget Justifications Science Nuclear Waste Disposal Defense Nuclear Waste Disposal
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Energy And Water Development Appropriations For 2008 Dept Of Energy Fy 2008 Budget Justifications Science Nuclear Waste Disposal Defense Nuclear Waste Disposal written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Federal aid to energy development categories.
Grants And Awards
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Author : National Science Foundation (U.S.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Grants And Awards written by National Science Foundation (U.S.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Grants-in-aid categories.