Uncertainty In Environmental Health Risk Assessment
DOWNLOAD
Download Uncertainty In Environmental Health Risk Assessment PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Uncertainty In Environmental Health Risk Assessment book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Uncertainty In Environmental Health Risk Assessment
DOWNLOAD
Author : Kenneth Bogen
language : en
Publisher: Dissertations-G
Release Date : 1990
Uncertainty In Environmental Health Risk Assessment written by Kenneth Bogen and has been published by Dissertations-G this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Health risk assessment categories.
Uncertainty In Environmental Health Risk Assessment
DOWNLOAD
Author : Kenneth Bogen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Uncertainty In Environmental Health Risk Assessment written by Kenneth Bogen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with categories.
Environmental Decisions In The Face Of Uncertainty
DOWNLOAD
Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2013-05-20
Environmental Decisions In The Face Of Uncertainty written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-20 with Political Science categories.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is one of several federal agencies responsible for protecting Americans against significant risks to human health and the environment. As part of that mission, EPA estimates the nature, magnitude, and likelihood of risks to human health and the environment; identifies the potential regulatory actions that will mitigate those risks and protect public health1 and the environment; and uses that information to decide on appropriate regulatory action. Uncertainties, both qualitative and quantitative, in the data and analyses on which these decisions are based enter into the process at each step. As a result, the informed identification and use of the uncertainties inherent in the process is an essential feature of environmental decision making. EPA requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convene a committee to provide guidance to its decision makers and their partners in states and localities on approaches to managing risk in different contexts when uncertainty is present. It also sought guidance on how information on uncertainty should be presented to help risk managers make sound decisions and to increase transparency in its communications with the public about those decisions. Given that its charge is not limited to human health risk assessment and includes broad questions about managing risks and decision making, in this report the committee examines the analysis of uncertainty in those other areas in addition to human health risks. Environmental Decisions in the Face of Uncertainty explains the statement of task and summarizes the findings of the committee.
Accounting For Uncertainty In Environmental Health Risk Assessment
DOWNLOAD
Author : Melissa Jean Whitney
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Accounting For Uncertainty In Environmental Health Risk Assessment written by Melissa Jean Whitney and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
This dissertation explores several common sources of uncertainty in environmental health risk assessment and proposes new methods to account for uncertainty in a systematic manner. The relationship between prenatal polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure and early childhood cognitive development serves as an exemplary backdrop for studying uncertainty. Although the effects of large, toxic exposures to PCBs are well-documented, studies examining low-level, chronic PCB exposure have produced seemingly conflicting results. Researchers have proposed various explanations for observed discrepancies, citing several sources of uncertainty in estimating effects of PCBs on cognitive development. The methods described in this dissertation help reconcile past study inconsistencies and provide a framework to formally address uncertainty in both human and animal studies on the health effects of environmental pollutants. Such an integrated approach to uncertainty analysis is necessary to ensure that risk-managers have the means to weigh the strengths and limitations of available research and prioritize regulatory actions to effectively protect the public. The Benchmark Dose (BMD), a common regulatory risk measure, is utilized to demonstrate how quantitative risk assessment summary measures can be modified to explicitly account for uncertainty.
An Introductory Guide To Uncertainty Analysis In Environmental And Health Risk Assessment
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
An Introductory Guide To Uncertainty Analysis In Environmental And Health Risk Assessment written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with categories.
To compensate for the potential for overly conservative estimates of risk using standard US Environmental Protection Agency methods, an uncertainty analysis should be performed as an integral part of each risk assessment. Uncertainty analyses allow one to obtain quantitative results in the form of confidence intervals that will aid in decision making and will provide guidance for the acquisition of additional data. To perform an uncertainty analysis, one must frequently rely on subjective judgment in the absence of data to estimate the range and a probability distribution describing the extent of uncertainty about a true but unknown value for each parameter of interest. This information is formulated from professional judgment based on an extensive review of literature, analysis of the data, and interviews with experts. Various analytical and numerical techniques are available to allow statistical propagation of the uncertainty in the model parameters to a statement of uncertainty in the risk to a potentially exposed individual. Although analytical methods may be straightforward for relatively simple models, they rapidly become complicated for more involved risk assessments. Because of the tedious efforts required to mathematically derive analytical approaches to propagate uncertainty in complicated risk assessments, numerical methods such as Monte Carlo simulation should be employed. The primary objective of this report is to provide an introductory guide for performing uncertainty analysis in risk assessments being performed for Superfund sites.
An Introductory Guide To Uncertainty Analysis In Environmental And Health Risk Assessment Environmental Restoration Program
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
An Introductory Guide To Uncertainty Analysis In Environmental And Health Risk Assessment Environmental Restoration Program written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with categories.
This report presents guidelines for evaluating uncertainty in mathematical equations and computer models applied to assess human health and environmental risk. Uncertainty analyses involve the propagation of uncertainty in model parameters and model structure to obtain confidence statements for the estimate of risk and identify the model components of dominant importance. Uncertainty analyses are required when there is no a priori knowledge about uncertainty in the risk estimate and when there is a chance that the failure to assess uncertainty may affect the selection of wrong options for risk reduction. Uncertainty analyses are effective when they are conducted in an iterative mode. When the uncertainty in the risk estimate is intolerable for decision-making, additional data are acquired for the dominant model components that contribute most to uncertainty. This process is repeated until the level of residual uncertainty can be tolerated. A analytical and numerical methods for error propagation are presented along with methods for identifying the most important contributors to uncertainty. Monte Carlo simulation with either Simple Random Sampling (SRS) or Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) is proposed as the most robust method for propagating uncertainty through either simple or complex models. A distinction is made between simulating a stochastically varying assessment endpoint (i.e., the distribution of individual risks in an exposed population) and quantifying uncertainty due to lack of knowledge about a fixed but unknown quantity (e.g., a specific individual, the maximally exposed individual, or the mean, median, or 95%-tile of the distribution of exposed individuals). Emphasis is placed on the need for subjective judgement to quantify uncertainty when relevant data are absent or incomplete.
Quantitative Environmental Risk Analysis For Human Health
DOWNLOAD
Author : Robert A. Fjeld
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2023-10-24
Quantitative Environmental Risk Analysis For Human Health written by Robert A. Fjeld and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-24 with Science categories.
QUANTITATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ANALYSIS FOR HUMAN HEALTH An updated edition of the foundational guide to environmental risk analysis Environmental risk analysis is a systematic process essential for the evaluation, management, and communication of the human health risk posed by the release of contaminants to the environment. Performed correctly, risk analysis is an essential tool in the protection of the public from the health hazards posed by chemical and radioactive contaminants. Cultivating the quantitative skills required to perform risk analysis competently is a critical need. Quantitative Environmental Risk Analysis for Human Health meets this need with a thorough, comprehensive coverage of the fundamental knowledge necessary to assess environmental impacts on human health. It introduces readers to a robust methodology for analyzing environmental risk, as well as to the fundamental principles of uncertainty analysis and the pertinent environmental regulations. Now updated to reflect the latest research and new cutting-edge methodologies, this is an essential contribution to the practice of environmental risk analysis. Readers of the second edition of Quantitative Environmental Risk Analysis for Human Health will also find: Detailed treatment of source and release characterization, contaminant migration, exposure assessment, and more New coverage of computer-based analytical methods A new chapter of case studies providing actual, real-world examples of environmental risk assessments Quantitative Environmental Risk Analysis for Human Health is must-have for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in civil engineering, environmental engineering, and environmental science, as well as for risk analysis practitioners in industry, environmental consultants, and regulators.
Uncertainty In Risk Assessment Risk Management And Decision Making
DOWNLOAD
Author : V.T. Covello
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-08
Uncertainty In Risk Assessment Risk Management And Decision Making written by V.T. Covello and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The subject of this volume--uncertainties in risk assessment and management--reflects an important theme in health, safety, and environ mental decision making. MOst technological hazards are characterized by substantial uncertainty. Recent examples include nuclear waste disposal, acid rain, asbestos in schools, carcinogens in food, and hazardous waste. realing with such uncertainty is arguably the most difficult and challeng ing task facing risk assessors and managers today. Four primary sources of uncertainty in risk assessment and management can be identified: (1) uncertainties about definitions; (2) uncertainties about scientific facts; (3) uncertainties about risk perceptions and atti tudes; and (4) uncertainties about values. Uncertainties about definitions derive primarily from disagreements about the meaning and interpretation of key concepts, such as probability. Uncertainties about scientific facts derive primarily from disagreements about failure modes, the probability and magnitude of adverse health or environmental consequences, cause and effect relationships, dose-response relationships, and exposure patterns. Uncertainties about risk perceptions and attitudes derive primarily from disagreements about what constitutes a significant or acceptable level of risk. Uncertainties about values derive primarily from disagreements about the desirability or worth of alternative risk management actions or conse quences. The papers in this volume address each of these sources of uncertainty from a variety of perspectives. Reflecting the broad scope of risk assess ment and risk management research, the papers include contributions from safety engineers, epidemiologists, toxicologists, chemists, biostatisticians, biologists, decision analysts, economists, psychologists, political scien tists, sociologists, ethicists, and lawyers.
Uncertainty And Data Quality In Exposure Assessment
DOWNLOAD
Author : World Health Organization
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2008-12
Uncertainty And Data Quality In Exposure Assessment written by World Health Organization and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12 with History categories.
Assessment of human exposure to chemicals is a critical input to risk assessment and ultimately to decisions about control of chemicals. This two-part publication aims to improve the quality of information available to decision-makers and its communication. Part one sets out ten principles for characterizing and communicating uncertainty in exposure assessment. A tiered approach to the evaluation of uncertainties using both qualitative (simple) and quantitative (more complex) methods is described. Different sources of uncertainty are identified and guidance is provided on selecting the appropriate approach to uncertainty analysis as dictated by the objectives of the assessment and information needs of decision-makers and stakeholders. Part two addresses the quality of data used in exposure assessment and sets out four basic hallmarks of data quality - appropriateness accuracy integrity and transparency. These hallmarks provides a common vocabulary and set of qualitative criteria for use in the design evaluation and use of exposure assessments to support decisions. This publication is intended exposure assessors risk assessors and decision-makers.
Uncertainty In The Risk Assessment Of Environmental And Occupational Hazards
DOWNLOAD
Author : A. John Bailer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Uncertainty In The Risk Assessment Of Environmental And Occupational Hazards written by A. John Bailer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Medical categories.
This volume presents papers devoted to improving the understanding of the sources, and magnitude of uncertainty, in the risk assessment process for enviromental and occupational hazards. They discuss the means of reducing this uncertainty, and describe and characterize how to express it.