Understanding Understanding
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Understandingunderstanding
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Author : Richard Saul Wurman
language : en
Publisher: Richard Saul Wurman
Release Date : 2017
Understandingunderstanding written by Richard Saul Wurman and has been published by Richard Saul Wurman this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Communication categories.
This is a book for people to dip into, as they would walk in and out of the room of a dinner party and embrace their interests. Before Information Architecture, before the rules on how to organize information, before you learn grammar, before you work hard at expanding your vocabulary and go through the exercises of parallel meanings of things as using a Thesaurus and as one writes papers in class, before any learning one must understand. Understanding Understanding precedes the whole process of learning, of giving yourself permission to understand the formations of facts, data, stories, pictures, words, conversations that allow you to understand. This book could be called A Celebration of Conversation or Musings with my Mentors. It is about the fantasy of being the dumbest person in the room and being able to identify all the myriad connections of how others think, talk, explain and visualize. The following is a collection of many of the most interesting idiosyncratic paths of understanding that lead to creation.
Understanding Understanding
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Author : Heinz von Foerster
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-05-08
Understanding Understanding written by Heinz von Foerster and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05-08 with Computers categories.
In these essays Heinz von Foerster discusses some of the fundamental principles that govern how we know the world and how we process the information from which we derive that knowledge. Included are path- breaking articles concerning the principles of computation in neural nets (1967), the definition of self-organizing systems (1960), the nature of cognition (1970), as well as recent expansions on these themes (e.g. "How recursive is communication," 1993). Working with Norbert Wiener, Warren McCullough, and others in the 1960s and 1970s, von Foerster was one of the founders of the science of cybernetics, which has had profound effects both on modern systems theory and on the philosophy of cognition. At the Biological Computer Laboratory at the University of Illinois he produced the first parallel computers and contributed to many other developments in the theory of computation and cognition.
Understanding Scientific Understanding
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Author : Henk W. de Regt
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-07-24
Understanding Scientific Understanding written by Henk W. de Regt and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-24 with Science categories.
It is widely acknowledged that a central aim of science is to achieve understanding of the world around us, and that possessing such understanding is highly important in our present-day society. But what does it mean to achieve this understanding? What precisely is scientific understanding? These are philosophical questions that have not yet received satisfactory answers. While there has been an ongoing debate about the nature of scientific explanation since Carl Hempel advanced his covering-law model in 1948, the related notion of understanding has been largely neglected, because most philosophers regarded understanding as merely a subjective by-product of objective explanations. By contrast, this book puts scientific understanding center stage. It is primarily a philosophical study, but also contains detailed historical case studies of scientific practice. In contrast to most existing studies in this area, it takes into account scientists' views and analyzes their role in scientific debate and development. The aim of Understanding Scientific Understanding is to develop and defend a philosophical theory of scientific understanding that can describe and explain the historical variation of criteria for understanding actually employed by scientists. The theory does justice to the insights of such famous physicists as Werner Heisenberg and Richard Feynman, while bringing much-needed conceptual rigor to their intuitions. The scope of the proposed account of understanding is the natural sciences: while the detailed case studies derive from physics, examples from other sciences are presented to illustrate its wider validity.
Understanding Utilitarianism
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Author : Tim Mulgan
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-12-05
Understanding Utilitarianism written by Tim Mulgan and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-05 with Philosophy categories.
Utilitarianism - a philosophy based on the principle of the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people - has been hugely influential over the past two centuries. Beyond ethics or morality, utilitarian assumptions and arguments abound in modern economic and political life, especially in public policy. An understanding of utilitarianism is indeed essential to any understanding of contemporary society. "Understanding Utilitarianism" presents utilitarianism very much as a living tradition. The book begins with a summary of the classical utilitarianism of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Subsequent chapters trace the development of the central themes of utilitarian thought over the twentieth century, covering such questions as: What is happiness? Is happiness the only valuable thing? Is utilitarianism about acts or rules or institutions? Is utilitarianism unjust, or implausibly demanding, or impractical? and Where might utilitarianism go in the future?
Understanding Vietnam
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Author : Neil L. Jamieson
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 1993
Understanding Vietnam written by Neil L. Jamieson and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with History categories.
Winner of the Outstanding Academic Book, American Library Association, 1994
Understanding Israel
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Author : Sol Scharfstein
language : en
Publisher: KTAV Publishing House, Inc.
Release Date : 1994
Understanding Israel written by Sol Scharfstein and has been published by KTAV Publishing House, Inc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with History categories.
Gr 5-7-This glossy, oversized volume provides a highly pictorial overview of the modern state from its beginnings in Palestine up to the present. Scharfstein describes the land and peoples of Israel, its history, government, culture, economy, archaeology, and religion. The country's role in the politics, powerplays, and wars of the Middle East are also summarized. The author explains why, after so many years of negotiations, the Arab countries are now willing to sign peace agreements. The writing is straightforward with brief declarative sentences and from one to two pages devoted to a topic. Maps, diagrams, and full-color and black-and-white photos and reproductions appear throughout. This publisher formerly published Amos Elon's Understanding Israel (1976), and Scharfstein's book appears to be an adaptation and update of it. David Bamberger's A Young Person's History of Israel (1985; both Behrman) is for slightly older audiences. It is written in a flowing narrative that discusses, rather than outlines, the topics and editorializes more than this book, which strives to be objective.-Marcia Posner, Federation of New York and the Jewish Book Council, New York City.
Understanding Explanation And Scientific Knowledge
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Author : Kareem Khalifa
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017-10-05
Understanding Explanation And Scientific Knowledge written by Kareem Khalifa and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-05 with Philosophy categories.
The first comprehensive exploration of the nature and value of understanding, addressing burgeoning debates in epistemology and philosophy of science.
Understanding Silicon Valley
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Author : Martin Kenney
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 2000
Understanding Silicon Valley written by Martin Kenney and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Business & Economics categories.
This text explores the factors that have made Silicon Valley such a fertile breeding ground for new technologies and new firms. It looks at how its pioneering achievements begana̧nd the forces that have propelled its unprecedented growth.
Understanding Intelligence
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Author : Rolf Pfeifer
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2001-07-27
Understanding Intelligence written by Rolf Pfeifer and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-07-27 with Computers categories.
The book includes all the background material required to understand the principles underlying intelligence, as well as enough detailed information on intelligent robotics and simulated agents so readers can begin experiments and projects on their own. By the mid-1980s researchers from artificial intelligence, computer science, brain and cognitive science, and psychology realized that the idea of computers as intelligent machines was inappropriate. The brain does not run "programs"; it does something entirely different. But what? Evolutionary theory says that the brain has evolved not to do mathematical proofs but to control our behavior, to ensure our survival. Researchers now agree that intelligence always manifests itself in behavior—thus it is behavior that we must understand. An exciting new field has grown around the study of behavior-based intelligence, also known as embodied cognitive science, "new AI," and "behavior-based AI." This book provides a systematic introduction to this new way of thinking. After discussing concepts and approaches such as subsumption architecture, Braitenberg vehicles, evolutionary robotics, artificial life, self-organization, and learning, the authors derive a set of principles and a coherent framework for the study of naturally and artificially intelligent systems, or autonomous agents. This framework is based on a synthetic methodology whose goal is understanding by designing and building. The book includes all the background material required to understand the principles underlying intelligence, as well as enough detailed information on intelligent robotics and simulated agents so readers can begin experiments and projects on their own. The reader is guided through a series of case studies that illustrate the design principles of embodied cognitive science.