Understanding The Relationship Between Parental Income And Multiple Child Outcomes
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Understanding The Relationship Between Parental Income And Multiple Child Outcomes
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Author : Paul Gregg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Understanding The Relationship Between Parental Income And Multiple Child Outcomes written by Paul Gregg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Children of working parents categories.
A Decompositional Analysis Of The Relationship Between Parental Income And Multiple Child Outcomes
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Author : Elizabeth Washbrook
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
A Decompositional Analysis Of The Relationship Between Parental Income And Multiple Child Outcomes written by Elizabeth Washbrook and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Children categories.
A Decomposition Analysis Of The Relationship Between Parental Income And Multiple Child Outcomes
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Author : Elizabeth Washbrook
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
A Decomposition Analysis Of The Relationship Between Parental Income And Multiple Child Outcomes written by Elizabeth Washbrook and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The Influence Of Parental Income On Children S Outcomes
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Author : Susan E. Mayer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
The Influence Of Parental Income On Children S Outcomes written by Susan E. Mayer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Child development categories.
Parenting Matters
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2016-11-21
Parenting Matters written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-21 with Social Science categories.
Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.
The Impact Of Parental Income And Education On The Quality Of Their Children
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Author : T. Belzer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
The Impact Of Parental Income And Education On The Quality Of Their Children written by T. Belzer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
This research is about how the quality of children is influenced by parental education and income. There are several strains upon Dutch families possibly causing a decline in quality. Furthermore, an integral overview of what the quality of children is does not exist. The main research question was: How do the income and the education level of parents influence the quality of children in The Netherlands? This question was answered by looking at the way quality upbringing is defined in scientific literature and subsequently looking at how parental income and education influence this quality of upbringing. The main hypotheses which were tested stated that there is a positive and significant relation between both parental income and parental education on the one hand and the quality of their children on the other hand. Quality was conceptualized using five capital types; social, cultural, symbolic, economic and human capital. Social capital is primarily constituted of networks and neighbourhood indicators, cultural capital of educational attainment and cultural activities, symbolic capital of economic indicators, freedom and parental care, economic capital of allowances and possessions and human capital of education, skills and health. The level of quality for children was measured from the point of view of the parents, by holding a survey among 251 of them. This has lead to a dataset of 87 respondents for education and a dataset of 45 respondents for income. The survey measured an extensive amount of quality indictors per capital type, which were in turn analyzed using a mix of regression analysis, Kendall’s Tau correlations and the Phi coefficient. Evidence has been found for a positive significant relationship between both income and education of the parents on the one hand and the quality of children on the other hand. The amount of evidence differs per type of capital. For parental income the most evidence was found with economic capital of children, for parental education there was no type of capital showing significantly more results than any other type. The positive and significant relationship between the two parental indicators and the quality of children cannot be translated to all determinants for quality, as there were many variables yielding no significant results at all.
The Timing Of Parental Income And Child Outcomes
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Author : Emma Tominey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
The Timing Of Parental Income And Child Outcomes written by Emma Tominey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
How do shocks to parental income drive adolescent human capital, such as university attendance, IQ and health? Unexpected changes to family income may have a predictable effect on child adolescent outcomes, by shifting the money parents spend on human capital investments in their children. The extent to which consumers insure themselves against changes in income has been well documented in the economics literature, however little is known about how the evolution of household income drives the human capital of their children. This paper fills the gap and makes two important innovations by firstly estimating the effect of shocks across the life cycle of childhood, from age 1-16 and secondly distinguishing between income shocks that are permanent and transitory. The author explores heterogeneity in the time profile of the effect of transitory income shocks upon outcomes, by focusing on liquidity constrained households. With imperfect access to credit markets, liquidity constrained agents are unable to borrow or save in order to smooth transitory income shocks sufficiently. Consequently the author would expect to find a larger effect of transitory income shock in liquidity constrained households. The data in this paper takes the population of around 600,000 Norwegian children, born in the 1970s and tracked through to 2006, which provides in depth information on annual household income plus a range of adolescent outcomes, including years of schooling, high school dropout, university attendance and IQ and health test scores from a set of army tests for males. The data indicate a strong and significant correlation between the initial condition and child outcomes. A rise in initial income levels by 1 standard deviation raises child human capital by up to 0.4 standard deviations (equivalent, for example, to nearly a year of schooling). This shows that family background matters--there is significant dispersion in outcomes for the sample of Norwegian children, determined at the start of their lifetime. For all outcomes except health, the effect of a household permanent income shock is significant and declines across child age, as predicted by the Permanent Income Hypothesis (PIH). However there is volatility in this relationship, which may be picking up changes in maternal labour supply. Mothers have less attachment to the labour market and their labour supply is more sensitive, for example to children starting school. By focusing just on paternal income, noise in the decline is smoothed out for all outcomes. The difference in the health outcome is likely due to crude measurement in the data. In general, permanent shocks to paternal income have a large effect early in the lifetime of the child and this effect falls across child age, to zero at age 16. For all outcomes, transitory income shocks have a small and constant effect across child age. This suggests that parents are optimising, by smoothing parental investment against transitory shocks in a similar manner to consumption smoothing. However interestingly, for a sample of liquidity constrained parents, child human capital behaves differently to consumption upon receipt of an income shock. It was anticipated that human capital responses to income shocks would be larger for the liquidity constrained sample, as without full access to the credit markets, parents are unable to smooth the effect of the shock. Instead, transitory income shocks have a "smaller" effect on child human capital for a group of households with permanent income in the second decile or below, compared to the total sample. The author argues that for this group of parents, investment goods such as books, high quality nursery care or private tuition are not necessities given that children receive free state education. Rather, liquidity constrained parents raise consumption on goods like household utilities, child clothing and food when they receive an income shock. Estimation by DWMD is appended. (Contains 27 figures, 7 tables and 32 footnotes.).
A Roadmap To Reducing Child Poverty
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2019-09-16
A Roadmap To Reducing Child Poverty written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-16 with Social Science categories.
The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.
An Incentive Model Of The Effect Of Parental Income On Children
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Author : Bruce A. Weinberg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
An Incentive Model Of The Effect Of Parental Income On Children written by Bruce A. Weinberg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Economists explain the positive relationship between parental income and children's outcomes using an investment model. Building on work in psychology and sociology, this paper emphasizes the importance of child-rearing practices, which vary with income. I argue that parents' ability to mold their children's behavior through pecuniary incentives is limited at low incomes, leading to lower outcomes and increased reliance on non-pecuniary mechanisms such as corporal punishment. My model generates a positive relationship between parental income and children's outcomes, especially at low incomes, and endogenously produces a relationship between parental income and child-rearing practices. Empirical work confirms these implications.
The Oxford Handbook Of Panel Data
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Author : Badi Hani Baltagi
language : en
Publisher: Oxford Handbooks
Release Date : 2015
The Oxford Handbook Of Panel Data written by Badi Hani Baltagi and has been published by Oxford Handbooks this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Business & Economics categories.
Panel data econometrics has evolved rapidly over the past three decades. The field is of both theoretical and practical importance, and methods to deal with micro- and macroeconomic panel data are in high demand from practitioners. Applications in finance, development, trade, marketing, health, labor, and consumer economics attest to the usefulness of these methods in applied economics. THis book is a comprehensive source on panel data. It contains 20 chapters edited by Professor Badi Baltagi--one of the leading econometricians in the area of panel data econometrics--and authored by renowned experts in the field. The chapters are divided into two sections. Part I examines new developments in theory. It includes panel cointegration, dynamic panel data models, incidental parameters and dynamic panel modeling, and panel data models for discrete choice. The chapters in Part II target applications of panel data, including health, labor, marketing, trade, productivity and macro applications in panels.