Unequal Crime Decline
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Unequal Crime Decline
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Author : Karen F. Parker
language : en
Publisher: NYU Press
Release Date : 2010-07-12
Unequal Crime Decline written by Karen F. Parker and has been published by NYU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-12 with Business & Economics categories.
2009 Choice Outstanding Academic Title Crime in most urban areas has been falling since 1991. While the decline has been well-documented, few scholars have analyzed which groups have most benefited from the crime decline and which are still on the frontlines of violence—and why that might be. In Unequal Crime Decline, Karen F. Parker presents a structural and theoretical analysis of the various factors that affect the crime decline, looking particularly at the past three decades and the shifts that have taken place, and offers original insight into which trends have declined and why. Taking into account such indicators as employment, labor market opportunities, skill levels, housing, changes in racial composition, family structure, and drug trafficking, Parker provides statistics that illustrate how these factors do or do not affect urban violence, and carefully considers these factors in relation to various crime trends, such as rates involving blacks, whites, but also trends among black males, white females, as well as others. Throughout the book she discusses popular structural theories of crime and their limitations, in the end concentrating on today’s issues and important contemporary policy to be considered. Unequal Crime Decline is a comprehensive and theoretically sophisticated look at the relationship among race, urban inequality, and violence in the years leading up to and following America’s landmark crime drop.
The Crime Drop In America
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Author : Alfred Blumstein
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2000-09-11
The Crime Drop In America written by Alfred Blumstein and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-09-11 with Law categories.
Top criminologists explain the reasons for the drop in violent crime in America.
The Great American Crime Decline
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Author : Franklin E. Zimring
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2008-11-05
The Great American Crime Decline written by Franklin E. Zimring and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11-05 with Social Science categories.
Many theories--from the routine to the bizarre--have been offered up to explain the crime decline of the 1990s. Was it record levels of imprisonment? An abatement of the crack cocaine epidemic? More police using better tactics? Or even the effects of legalized abortion? And what can we expect from crime rates in the future? Franklin E. Zimring here takes on the experts, and counters with the first in-depth portrait of the decline and its true significance. The major lesson from the 1990s is that relatively superficial changes in the character of urban life can be associated with up to 75% drops in the crime rate. Crime can drop even if there is no major change in the population, the economy or the schools. Offering the most reliable data available, Zimring documents the decline as the longest and largest since World War II. It ranges across both violent and non-violent offenses, all regions, and every demographic. All Americans, whether they live in cities or suburbs, whether rich or poor, are safer today. Casting a critical and unerring eye on current explanations, this book demonstrates that both long-standing theories of crime prevention and recently generated theories fall far short of explaining the 1990s drop. A careful study of Canadian crime trends reveals that imprisonment and economic factors may not have played the role in the U.S. crime drop that many have suggested. There was no magic bullet but instead a combination of factors working in concert rather than a single cause that produced the decline. Further--and happily for future progress, it is clear that declines in the crime rate do not require fundamental social or structural changes. Smaller shifts in policy can make large differences. The significant reductions in crime rates, especially in New York, where crime dropped twice the national average, suggests that there is room for other cities to repeat this astounding success. In this definitive look at the great American crime decline, Franklin E. Zimring finds no pat answers but evidence that even lower crime rates might be in store.
The Myth Of The Crime Decline
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Author : Justin Kotzé
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-03-20
The Myth Of The Crime Decline written by Justin Kotzé and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-20 with Social Science categories.
The Myth of the ‘Crime Decline’ seeks to critically interrogate the supposed statistical decline of crime rates, thought to have occurred in a number of predominantly Western countries over the past two decades. Whilst this trend of declining crime rates seems profound, serious questions need to be asked. Data sources need to be critically interrogated and context needs to be provided. This book seeks to do just that. This book examines the wider socio-economic and politico-cultural context within which this decline in crime is said to have occurred, highlighting the changing nature and landscape of crime and its ever deepening resistance to precise measurement. By drawing upon original qualitative research and cutting edge criminological theory, this book offers an alternative view of the reality of crime and harm. In doing so it seeks to reframe the ‘crime decline’ discourse and provide a more accurate account of this puzzling contemporary phenomenon. Additionally, utilising a new theoretical framework developed by the author, this book begins to explain why the ‘crime decline’ discourse has been so readily accepted. Written in an accessible yet theoretical and informed manner, this book is a must-read for academics and students in the fields of criminology, sociology, social policy, and the philosophy of social sciences.
Theorizing Crime And Deviance
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Author : Steve Hall
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2012-04-20
Theorizing Crime And Deviance written by Steve Hall and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-20 with Social Science categories.
"Anything that takes away from the terminally off key karaoke of so much that passes for theory in criminology is to be welcomed, and this is a fine effort to connect the study of crime and control to an innovative set of theoretical possibilities. A rip-roaring read that slaughters some sacred cows while throwing the odd baby out with the bath water." - Richard Hobbs, University of Essex "Boldly tackles big questions that the discipline has lately been unable or unwilling to confront. Steve Hall′s compelling and original book should help to restart a crucial discussion about the connections between crime and an increasingly volatile and predatory global social order." - Elliott Currie, University of California, Irvine "This erudite and original book synthesizes a dazzling array of thought and evidence to interrogate criminological theory′s dominant conservative and liberal perspectives... This reviewer is left with a sense of criminological theory′s tiredness of intellectual ambition and scope, while Hall′s book leaves a sense of rejuvenation and excitement." - Colin Webster, British Journal of Criminology "A beautifully written, accessible and yet theoretically rigorous piece of writing that should be read by everyone interested in crime, law and social order. The book should be read with an open mind and as a genuine response to the suffocating inability of criminology to free itself from the century old slanging-match between its liberal and conservative wings." - Simon Winlow, University of York Steve Hall uses cutting-edge philosophy and social theory to analyse patterns of crime and harm and illuminate contemporary criminological issues. He provides a fresh, relevant critique of the philosophical and political underpinnings of criminological theory and the theoretical canon′s development during the twentieth century, and applies new Continental philosophy to the criminological problem. Unmatched in its sophistication yet written in a clear, accessible style, this dynamic and highly engaging book is essential reading for all students, researchers and academics working in criminology, sociology, social policy, politics and the social sciences in general.
Understanding New York S Crime Drop
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Author : Richard Rosenfeld
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-09-10
Understanding New York S Crime Drop written by Richard Rosenfeld and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-10 with Social Science categories.
This book explores New York City’s historic crime drop over the past quarter of a century. New York City’s dramatic crime decline is a real brainteaser: no one predicted it and, as of yet, no one has explained it, at least to the satisfaction of most social scientists who study crime trends. Three strategic lessons emerge from the contributions to this volume on New York’s crime drop. It is suggested that future research should: • go wide by putting New York in comparative context, nationally and internationally; • go long by putting New York’s recent experience in historical context; • develop a strong ground game by investigating New York’s crime drop across multiple spatial units, down to the street segment. The contributors to Understanding New York’s Crime Drop aim to provoke expanded and sustained attention to crime trends in New York and elsewhere. This book was originally published as a special issue of the journal, Justice Quarterly.
Get A Job
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Author : Robert D. Crutchfield
language : en
Publisher: NYU Press
Release Date : 2014-05-02
Get A Job written by Robert D. Crutchfield and has been published by NYU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-02 with Business & Economics categories.
Are the unemployed more likely to commit crimes? Does having a job make one less likely to commit a crime? Criminologists have found that individuals who are marginalized from the labor market are more likely to commit crimes, and communities with more members who are marginal to the labor market have higher rates of crime. Yet, as Robert Crutchfield explains, contrary to popular expectations, unemployment has been found to be an inconsistent predictor of either individual criminality or collective crime rates. In Get a Job, Crutchfield offers a carefully nuanced understanding of the links among work, unemployment, and crime. Crutchfield explains how people’s positioning in the labor market affects their participation in all kinds of crimes, from violent acts to profit-motivated offenses such as theft and drug trafficking. Crutchfield also draws on his first-hand knowledge of growing up in a poor, black neighborhood in Pittsburgh and later working on the streets as a parole officer, enabling him to develop a more complete understanding of how work and crime are related and both contribute to, and are a result of, social inequalities and disadvantage. Well-researched and informative, Get a Job tells a powerful story of one of the most troubling side effects of economic disparities in America.
Losing Legitimacy
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Author : Gary Lafree
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-02-02
Losing Legitimacy written by Gary Lafree and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-02 with Social Science categories.
In the past fifty years, street crime rates in America have increased eightfold. These increases were historically patterned, were often very rapid, and had a disproportionate impact on African Americans. Much of the crime explosion took place in a space of just ten years beginning in the early 1960s. Common explanations based on biological impulses, psychological drives, or slow-moving social indicators cannot explain the speed or timing of these changes or their disproportionate impact on racial minorities. Using unique data that span half a century, Gary LaFree argues that social institutions are the key to understanding the U.S. crime wave. Crime increased along with growing political distrust, economic stress, and family disintegration. These changes were especially pronounced for racial minorities. American society responded by investing more in criminal justice, education, and welfare institutions. Stabilization of traditional social institutions and the effects of new institutional spending account for the modest crime declines of the 1990s.
The Encyclopedia Of Theoretical Criminology
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2014-04-07
The Encyclopedia Of Theoretical Criminology written by and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-07 with Social Science categories.
The Encyclopedia of Theoretical Criminology in zwei Bänden ist zweifelsohne das aktuellste Referenzwerk der theoretischen Kriminologie. Fachlich geprüfte Beiträge internationaler Experten machen den Leser mit wegweisenden Theorien, Konzepten und Schlüsselfiguren vertraut. Das Nachschlagewerk präsentiert klassische und zeitgenössische Themen zu den wichtigen Straftatbeständen, Zusammenhängen, fachspezifische (Soziologie, Biologie und Psychologie) und fachübergreifende Erklärungen zu Kriminalität, Kriminalitätsrate und Fragestellungen aus der Rechtssoziologie.
Prisoners On Criminology
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Author : William S. Tregea
language : en
Publisher: Lexington Books
Release Date : 2014-06-25
Prisoners On Criminology written by William S. Tregea and has been published by Lexington Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-25 with Social Science categories.
Drawing on thirty years of prison college courses and volunteer classes in eleven Michigan and California prisons, Prisoners on Criminology: Convict Life Stories and Crime Prevention makes criminology theories come alive through the use of the prisoners’ voices. The book features policy background and textbook-like chapters that review major criminological theories and present prisoner essays that apply criminology insights to the prisoners’ lives. Each chapter has helpful exercises and discussion and review questions for classroom use. Introductory informational chapters present an historical review of how the United States came to have the world’s largest prison system. A chapter on prisoners’ educational background presents information from prisoner surveys and the author’s extensive background in postsecondary correctional education. Over eighty prisoner essays show how prisoners connect criminology theories to their lives growing up, with insights on individual, family, and community levels of crime causation. A chapter on social structure, social process and alternative criminologies is followed by additional information on in-prison criminological issues with several prisoner essays. The conclusion emphasizes the main argument of the book—that the jobless ghetto is a major reason for much of the criminality now in the large correctional apparatus of the United States. Prisoners on Criminology will be of great value to scholars and students interested in criminology, social deviance, sociology, urban studies, political science, anthropology, counseling, and social work.