Universals Of Language Today
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Statistical Universals Of Language
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Author : Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-04-01
Statistical Universals Of Language written by Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-01 with Mathematics categories.
This volume explores the universal mathematical properties underlying big language data and possible reasons why such properties exist, revealing how we may be unconsciously mathematical in our language use. These properties are statistical and thus different from linguistic universals that contribute to describing the variation of human languages, and they can only be identified over a large accumulation of usages. The book provides an overview of state-of-the art findings on these statistical universals and reconsiders the nature of language accordingly, with Zipf's law as a well-known example. The main focus of the book further lies in explaining the property of long memory, which was discovered and studied more recently by borrowing concepts from complex systems theory. The statistical universals not only possibly lie as the precursor of language system formation, but they also highlight the qualities of language that remain weak points in today's machine learning. In summary, this book provides an overview of language's global properties. It will be of interest to anyone engaged in fields related to language and computing or statistical analysis methods, with an emphasis on researchers and students in computational linguistics and natural language processing. While the book does apply mathematical concepts, all possible effort has been made to speak to a non-mathematical audience as well by communicating mathematical content intuitively, with concise examples taken from real texts.
Language Universals
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Author : Morten H. Christiansen
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2009-03-17
Language Universals written by Morten H. Christiansen and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-17 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Languages differ from one another in bewildering and seemingly arbitrary ways. For example, in English, the verb precedes the direct object ('understand the proof'), but in Japanese, the direct object comes first. In some languages, such as Mohawk, it is not even possible to establish a basic word order. Nonetheless, languages do share certain regularities in how they are structured and used. The exact nature and extent of these "language universals" has been the focus of much research and is one of the central explanatory goals in the language sciences. During the past 50 years, there has been tremendous progress, a few major conceptual revolutions, and even the emergence of entirely new fields. The wealth of findings and theories offered by the various language-science disciplines has made it more important than ever to work toward an integrated understanding of the nature of human language universals. This book is the first to examine language universals from a cross-disciplinary perspective. It provides new insights into long standing questions such as: What exactly defines the human capacity for language? Are there universal properties of human languages and, if so, what are they? Can all language universals be explained in the same way, or do some universals require different kinds of explanations from others? Language Universals is unique in starting with the assumption that the best way to approach these and related questions is through a dialogue between a wide range of disciplines, including linguistics, cognitive neuroscience, philosophy, computer science and biology.
Linguistic Universals
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Author : Ricardo Mairal
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2006-10-19
Linguistic Universals written by Ricardo Mairal and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-10-19 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The discovery of 'linguistic universals' - the properties that all languages have in common - is a fundamental goal of linguistic research. Linguists face the task of accounting for why languages, which apparently differ so greatly from one another on the surface, display striking similarities in their underlying structure. This volume brings together a team of leading experts to show how different linguistic theories have approached this challenge. Drawing on work from both formal and functional perspectives, it provides a comprehensive overview of the most notable work on linguistic universals - with chapters on syntax, semantics, phonology, morphology and typology - and explores a range of central issues, such as the relationship between linguistic universals and the language faculty, and what linguistic universals can tell us about our biological make-up and cognitive abilities. Clear and succinct, it will be invaluable to anyone seeking a greater understanding of the phenomenon that is human language.
Sign Language And Linguistic Universals
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Author : Wendy Sandler
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2006-02-02
Sign Language And Linguistic Universals written by Wendy Sandler and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-02-02 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Sign languages are of great interest to linguists, because while they are the product of the same brain, their physical transmission differs greatly from that of spoken languages. In this pioneering and original study, Wendy Sandler and Diane Lillo-Martin compare sign languages with spoken languages, in order to seek the universal properties they share. Drawing on general linguistic theory, they describe and analyze sign language structure, showing linguistic universals in the phonology, morphology, and syntax of sign language, while also revealing non-universal aspects of its structure that must be attributed to its physical transmission system. No prior background in sign language linguistics is assumed, and numerous pictures are provided to make descriptions of signs and facial expressions accessible to readers. Engaging and informative, Sign Language and Linguistic Universals will be invaluable to linguists, psychologists, and all those interested in sign languages, linguistic theory and the universal properties of human languages.
Language Universals
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Author : Joseph Harold Greenberg
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2005
Language Universals written by Joseph Harold Greenberg and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Greenberg's Language Universals is typical of his typological-theoretical work in its stunning originality. Starting out from the observations underlying Praguian markedness, Greenberg contributes a mass of new data and generalizations and lays the foundations for a post-structuralist, usage-based theory of grammatical asymmetries. This work will continue to be influential for many years to come.
Linguistic Universals And Language Variation
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Author : Peter Siemund
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2011
Linguistic Universals And Language Variation written by Peter Siemund and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The volume explores the relationship between linguistic universals and language variation. Its contributions identify the recurrent patterns and principles behind the complex spectrum of observable variation. The volume bridges the gap between cross-linguistic variation, regional variation, diachronic variation, contact-induced variation as well as socially conditioned variation. Moreover, it addresses fundamental methodological and theoretical issues of variation research. The volume brings together internationally renowned specialists of their fields while, at the same time, offering a platform for gifted and highly talented young researchers. The authors come from different theoretical backgrounds and through their work illustrate a rich array of scientific methods. All authors share a strong belief in empirically founded theoretical work. The contributions span a high number of languages and dialects from many parts of the world. They are extremely broad in their empirical coverage addressing an impressive selection of grammatical domains.
Politeness
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Author : Penelope Brown
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1987-02-27
Politeness written by Penelope Brown and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987-02-27 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book studies the principles for constructing polite speeches, based on the detailed study of three unrelated languages and cultures.
Language Universals And Linguistic Typology
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Author : Bernard Comrie
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 1989-07-15
Language Universals And Linguistic Typology written by Bernard Comrie and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-07-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Here, Comrie (linguistics, U. of Southern Cal.) is particularly concerned with syntactico-semantic universals, devoting chapters to word order, case marking, relative clauses, and causative constructions. This second edition takes full account of new research into generative grammatical theory. Acidic paper. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Rethinking Universals
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Author : Jan Wohlgemuth
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2010
Rethinking Universals written by Jan Wohlgemuth and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The series is a platform for contributions of all kinds to this rapidly developing field. General problems are studied from the perspective of individual languages, language families, language groups, or language samples. Conclusions are the result of a deepened study of empirical data. Special emphasis is given to little-known languages, whose analysis may shed new light on long-standing problems in general linguistics.
Universals Of Human Language Word Structure
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Author : Joseph Harold Greenberg
language : en
Publisher: Universals of Human Language
Release Date : 1978
Universals Of Human Language Word Structure written by Joseph Harold Greenberg and has been published by Universals of Human Language this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The 46 papers in this 4-volume collection pro-vide clear and certain evidence that the search for "implicational universals" of human language (that is, for valid empirical generalizations such as "if property Y exists in a language, then property X must exist as well") has established itself, once and for all, as a powerful and dynamic force in modern linguistics. Concomitantly, the collection attests to a broadened use among scholars engaged in universals re-search of a theoretical and methodological strategy-pioneered, elaborated, and most extensively applied by Joseph Greenberg- that contrasts in fundamental respects with procedures favored by generative grammarians. Finally, and most impressive of all, the papers present abundant "results," a profusion of concrete findings that should persuade even the most hardened skeptics that implicational principles have a great deal to tell about what human language is and how it got to be that way. -- from http://www.jstor.org (May 21, 2014).