Urban Air Pollution And Avenue Trees
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Urban Air Pollution And Avenue Trees
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Author : Abhijit Sarkar
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2022
Urban Air Pollution And Avenue Trees written by Abhijit Sarkar and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Technology & Engineering categories.
"Around the world, cities provide plenty of opportunities such as better education, advanced health treatment facilities, better employment, commerce, and trade as compared to rural areas. Therefore, more than half the world's people live and work together in urban communities, and it is projected that by the year 2030, three out of five people will stay in cities. The unrestrained and rapid growth of cities has also brought environmental degradation and causes many serious problems such as worsening of air quality, loss of natural habitat and species diversity, and increased human health risks associated with heat waves, noise and crowding. In most urban areas of developing countries, a variety of harmful air pollutants such as particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen and sulfur oxides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are emitted from a variety of sources, mainly the burning of wood, fossil fuels and vehicular emissions, which adversely affects the health of human beings, animals, and other living creatures. In the urban environment, trees provide many economic, social, and environmental benefits to people, such as aesthetic beauty, improvement of property values, erosion prevention, storm water management, noise reduction, mental health development and crime reduction. In addition, trees help cool the air by shading surfaces that otherwise would absorb the sun's energy and then reradiate it out as heat. Trees also cool the ambient air. Urban trees on average reduce air temperatures on summer days by 2-4 °F, although in some circumstances the cooling effect can be even larger. Trees also sequester carbon, helping to mitigate climate change. The efficiency of atmospheric cleansing by trees in congested cities could be improved by planting more trees other than shrubs or herbs. Generally, avenue trees act as living filters to decrease pollution through absorption, accumulation, and detoxification. Trees remove gaseous air pollutants such as ozone, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide mainly by uptake via leaf stomata, although some gases are removed by the plant surface. Once inside the leaf, gaseous air pollutants diffuse into intercellular spaces and may be absorbed by water films to form acids or react with inner leaf surfaces. Though some particles can be absorbed into the tree, most particles settle on the branches, leaves and twigs of plants and are washed out by the rain. Throughout the world, different advanced technologies such as smog-free towers in the Netherlands and adhesive roads for particulate matter in London have been applied. However, these technologies are extremely costly and unaffordable for countries like India and therefore the most eco-friendly and cost-effective way is plantation of tolerant tree species alongside highways, city streets, in parks, and in residential yards"--
Urban Air Pollution Problems
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Author : William A. Spratlin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Urban Air Pollution Problems written by William A. Spratlin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Air categories.
Growth And Ecosystem Services Of Urban Trees
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Author : Thomas Rötzer
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2019-10-23
Growth And Ecosystem Services Of Urban Trees written by Thomas Rötzer and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-23 with Science categories.
Numerous studies indicate an accelerated growth of forest trees, induced by ongoing climate change. Similar trends were recently found for urban trees in major cities worldwide. Studies frequently report about substantial effects of climate change and the urban heat island effect (UHI) on plant growth. The combined effects of increasing temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and extended growing season lengths, in addition to increasing nitrogen deposition and higher CO2 concentrations, can increase but also reduce plant growth. Closely related to this, the multiple functions and services provided by urban trees may be modified. Urban trees generate numerous ecosystem services, including carbon storage, mitigation of the heat island effect, reduction of rainwater runoff, pollutant filtering, recreation effects, shading, and cooling. The quantity of the ecosystem services is often closely associated with the species, structure, age, and size of the tree as well as with a tree’s vitality. Therefore, greening cities, and particularly planting trees, seems to be an effective option to mitigate climate change and the UHI. The focus of this Special Issue is to underline the importance of trees as part of the urban green areas for major cities in all climate zones. Empirical as well as modeling studies of urban tree growth and their services and disservices in cities worldwide are included. Articles about the dynamics, structures, and functions of urban trees as well as the influence of climate and climate change on urban tree growth, urban species composition, carbon storage, and biodiversity are also discussed.
Benefits Of Urban Trees
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Benefits Of Urban Trees written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Trees in cities categories.
Investigating The Role Of Vegetation In Reducing Urban Air Pollution And Soil Pollution
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Author : Athena Moustaka
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Investigating The Role Of Vegetation In Reducing Urban Air Pollution And Soil Pollution written by Athena Moustaka and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Pollution categories.
Trees In The City
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Author : Ira Bruce Nadel
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Trees In The City written by Ira Bruce Nadel and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
Trees in the City provides an introduction to the process of humanizing the cityscape and guide to planting trees in city conditions. This book focuses on four basic concepts. First, trees play an essential role in human's urban life. Second, people must become aware of the environmental, esthetic, social, and political importance of trees. Third, trees need to be integrated with the pattern and function of urban activity. Finally, the design, placement, and maintenance of trees on city streets are the responsibility of everyone in the community. The topics discussed include a short history of trees in the city; environmental and esthetic relation of trees, human, and the city; tree choices and features; and designing a city street—models, problems, and matrixes. This publication is beneficial to landscape architects and individuals interested in tree planting in urban areas.
Urban Air Pollution
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Author :
language : sv
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Urban Air Pollution written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with categories.
Urban Air Pollution And Forests
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Author : Mark E. Fenn
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2002-05-02
Urban Air Pollution And Forests written by Mark E. Fenn and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-05-02 with Science categories.
At present, roughly half of the world's population lives in urban centers. There are now more than 20 cities with a population of over 10 million inhabitants, compared to less than 5 about 50 years ago. This tendency toward urbanization is expected to continue, particularly in the developing world. A consequence of this growing trend is that millions of people are being exposed to harmful levels of urban air pollutants caused mainly by emissions from motor vehicles and from industrial and domestic activities involving the combustion of fossil fuels. The driving force for the design and implementation of emission control strate gies aimed at improving air quality has been the protection of the health of the population in urban centers. There are, however, other consequences of the pres ence of air pollutants besides the direct effect on human health. Reduced visibil ity, damage to monuments and buildings, and many other such consequences indirectly affect our quality of life. Another set of consequences involves damage to ecological systems. In fact, the nature of "photochemical smog" was first uncovered in the 1950s in connection with observations of its harmful effects on crops and plants in the vicinity of Los Angeles.
Urban Air Pollution And Forests
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Author : Ma. de Lourdes de la I. de Bauer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Urban Air Pollution And Forests written by Ma. de Lourdes de la I. de Bauer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Air categories.
At present, roughly half of the world's population lives in urban centers. There are now more than 20 cities with a population of over 10 million inhabitants, compared to less than 5 about 50 years ago. This tendency toward urbanization is expected to continue, particularly in the developing world. A consequence of this growing trend is that millions of people are being exposed to harmful levels of urban air pollutants caused mainly by emissions from motor vehicles and from industrial and domestic activities involving the combustion of fossil fuels. The driving force for the design and implementation of emission control strate gies aimed at improving air quality has been the protection of the health of the population in urban centers. There are, however, other consequences of the pres ence of air pollutants besides the direct effect on human health. Reduced visibil ity, damage to monuments and buildings, and many other such consequences indirectly affect our quality of life. Another set of consequences involves damage to ecological systems. In fact, the nature of "photochemical smog" was first uncovered in the 1950s in connection with observations of its harmful effects on crops and plants in the vicinity of Los Angeles.
Avenues And Boulevards
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Author : Bennie L. Hannah
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Avenues And Boulevards written by Bennie L. Hannah and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Trees in cities categories.